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    Exercise Cxchemcomposition

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    anmichalopoulou
    This document outlines steps to determine the chemical composition of solid waste. It provides the composition of sample waste in Table 1. It then calculates the dry weight of each component and the weight of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and ash in Table 3. Next, it calculates the hydrogen and oxygen from water content and adds this to Table 4. It then determines the molar composition in Table 5 and normalized mole ratios to propose chemical formulas for the waste composition with and without sulfur and with and without water in Table 6. The formulas are C59H93O37N without water and C59H154O68N with water without sulfur, and C656H1029O413N11S without water and C

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    Exercise Cxchemcomposition

    Uploaded by

    anmichalopoulou
    26 views19 pages
    This document outlines steps to determine the chemical composition of solid waste. It provides the composition of sample waste in Table 1. It then calculates the dry weight of each component and the weight of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and ash in Table 3. Next, it calculates the hydrogen and oxygen from water content and adds this to Table 4. It then determines the molar composition in Table 5 and normalized mole ratios to propose chemical formulas for the waste composition with and without sulfur and with and without water in Table 6. The formulas are C59H93O37N without water and C59H154O68N with water without sulfur, and C656H1029O413N11S without water and C

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    This document outlines steps to determine the chemical composition of solid waste. It provides the composition of sample waste in Table 1. It then calculates the dry weight of each component and the weight of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and ash in Table 3. Next, it calculates the hydrogen and oxygen from water content and adds this to Table 4. It then determines the molar composition in Table 5 and normalized mole ratios to propose chemical formulas for the waste composition with and without sulfur and with and without water in Table 6. The formulas are C59H93O37N without water and C59H154O68N with water without sulfur, and C656H1029O413N11S without water and C

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views19 pages

    Exercise Cxchemcomposition

    Uploaded by

    anmichalopoulou
    This document outlines steps to determine the chemical composition of solid waste. It provides the composition of sample waste in Table 1. It then calculates the dry weight of each component and the weight of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and ash in Table 3. Next, it calculates the hydrogen and oxygen from water content and adds this to Table 4. It then determines the molar composition in Table 5 and normalized mole ratios to propose chemical formulas for the waste composition with and without sulfur and with and without water in Table 6. The formulas are C59H93O37N without water and C59H154O68N with water without sulfur, and C656H1029O413N11S without water and C

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    Determining the Chemical

    Composition of Solid Waste

    Problem Statement
    Determine the chemical composition of
    the organic fraction of the waste
    described in Table 1, with and without
    sulfur and with and without water.

    Table 1. Composition of Solid


    Waste
    Component Wet Weight, lbPercent MC
    Food Wastes
    9
    70
    Paper
    34
    6
    Cardboard
    6
    5
    Plastics
    7
    1
    Textiles
    2
    10
    Rubber
    0.5
    0
    Leather
    0.5
    20
    Yard wastes
    18.5
    65
    Wood
    2
    20
    Inorganic
    20.5
    3

    Step 1: Calculate the Weight


    of Each Element
    Using data in Table 2, calculate the
    weight of C, H, O, N, S, and ash in each
    component
    Table 2 is based on dry waste only, first
    the dry weight of each component must
    be calculated
    Results are presented in Table 3

    Table 2. Chemical
    Composition of Waste
    Components

    Step 1: Sample Calculation


    Food Waste
    MC = 70%
    9 - 9(0.7) = 2.7 lb dry weight
    Carbon: 2.7 (0.48) = 1.3 lb
    Hydrogen: 2.7 (0.064) = 0.17 lb

    Table 3. General Composition


    of Solid Waste
    Component
    Food Waste
    Paper
    Cardboard
    Plastic
    Textiles
    Rubber
    Leather
    Yard Wastes
    Wood
    TOTAL

    Wet Weight Dry Weight


    lb.
    lb.
    9.0
    2.7
    34.0
    32.0
    6.0
    5.7
    7.0
    6.9
    2.0
    1.8
    0.5
    0.5
    0.5
    0.4
    18.5
    6.5
    2.0
    1.6
    79.5
    58.1

    C
    1.30
    13.90
    2.51
    4.16
    0.99
    0.39
    0.24
    3.10
    0.79
    27.37

    Composition
    H
    O
    0.17
    1.02
    1.92
    14.06
    0.34
    2.54
    0.50
    1.58
    0.12
    0.56
    0.05
    0.00
    0.03
    0.05
    0.39
    2.46
    0.10
    0.68
    3.61
    22.95

    N
    0.07
    0.10
    0.02
    0.00
    0.08
    0.01
    0.04
    0.22
    0.00
    0.54

    S
    0.01
    0.06
    0.01
    0.00
    0.00
    0.00
    0.00
    0.02
    0.00
    0.11

    Ash
    0.14
    1.92
    0.29
    0.69
    0.05
    0.05
    0.04
    0.29
    0.02
    3.48

    Step 2. Calculate the weight


    of H and O in water
    From Table 2 we see that dry waste has a
    weight of 58.1 pounds, and that asdiscarded-waste has a weight of 79.5
    pounds.
    We then subtract the weight of the dry waste
    from the weight of the saturated waste to
    give us the weight of the water in the waste.
    79.5 lbs - 58.1 lbs = 21.4 lbs H2O

    Step 2: Continued
    We now want to determine how much
    hydrogen and oxygen in pounds there
    are in the waste sample. We do this by
    using the equation:
    Total _ Moisture _ in _ lb
    molecular _ wt _ of _ water xmolecularwt _ of _ H

    Step 2: Continued
    21.4lb
    18lb * 2 = 2.38lb _ H

    Similarly for Oxygen:


    21.4lb
    18lb *16 = 19.02lb _ O

    Step 2: Continued
    The amount of Hydrogen and
    Oxygen should be added to the H
    and O in the waste when we are
    calculating chemical composition
    with water. See Table 4.

    Table 4. Percentage Distribution of


    the Elements with and without Water
    Element
    Carbon
    Hydrogen
    Oxygen
    Nitrogen
    Sulfur
    Ash

    lb, w/o Water* lb, w/ Water


    27.37
    27.37
    3.61
    5.99
    22.95
    42.00
    0.54
    0.54
    0.11
    0.11
    3.48
    3.48

    *Row 11, Table 3

    Step 4: Determine Molar Composition of


    the Elements, Neglecting Ash
    We do this by dividing each component
    by its respective molecular weight
    Results in Table 5

    Table 5. Molar Composition


    Element
    Carbon
    Hydrogen
    Oxygen
    Nitrogen
    Sulfur

    Atomic wt
    12.01
    1.01
    16.00
    14.01
    32.07

    Moles
    Moles
    W/O Water W/ Water
    2.279
    2.279
    3.575
    5.933
    1.434
    2.625
    0.038
    0.038
    0.003
    0.003

    Step 5. Determine Chemical


    Formula
    Determine the approximate chemical formula
    with and without sulfur and with and without
    water
    To determine the formula without sulfur, use
    the lowest represented element, nitrogen as
    the base; divide each value by the number of
    moles of nitrogen.
    Similarly, when determining the formula with
    sulfur use sulfur as a base and divide each by
    the number of moles of sulfur.
    See Table 6

    Table 6.Normalized Mole


    Ratios
    Element
    Carbon
    Hydrogen
    Oxygen
    Nitrogen
    Sulfur

    Mole Ratio - (Nitrogen = 1) Mole Ratio - (Sulfur=1)


    W/O Water
    W/ Water
    W/O Water W/ Water
    59.2
    59.2
    655.8
    655.8
    92.9
    154.1
    1028.8
    1707.4
    37.3
    68.2
    412.8
    755.5
    1.0
    1.0
    11.1
    11.1
    0.1
    0.1
    1.0
    1.0

    Summary of Results
    The chemical formulas without sulfur are:
    Without water:
    C59H93O37N
    With water:
    C59H154O68N
    The chemical formulas with sulfur are:
    Without water: C656H1029O413N11S
    With water: C656H1707O756N11S

    Note: all values in whole numbers

    On Your Own Problem


    Calculate the chemical composition of a
    typical yard waste with and without
    water (based on N and S)
    Hint: Assume 100 lb of waste, 40 %
    Moisture Content

    Return to Home Page

    Last updated July 2004 by Dr. Reinhart

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