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    reacharunk
    This document discusses various metals used in architecture and construction, including their properties and applications. It provides details on: - Copper, which is used for roofing, cramps for stonework, and nails for slates. It develops a green rust called patina that preserves rather than corrodes the metal. However, copper should not be used for water collection due to toxicity. - Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc. Common proportions are 3:1 copper to zinc. Brass is yellow, durable, malleable, and resistant to tarnishing. - Delta metal, an improved brass that is strong, durable, and takes a high polish. It is used for machinery,

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    Book The

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    reacharunk
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    This document discusses various metals used in architecture and construction, including their properties and applications. It provides details on: - Copper, which is used for roofing, cramps for stonework, and nails for slates. It develops a green rust called patina that preserves rather than corrodes the metal. However, copper should not be used for water collection due to toxicity. - Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc. Common proportions are 3:1 copper to zinc. Brass is yellow, durable, malleable, and resistant to tarnishing. - Delta metal, an improved brass that is strong, durable, and takes a high polish. It is used for machinery,

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    This document discusses various metals used in architecture and construction, including their properties and applications. It provides details on: - Copper, which is used for roofing, cramps for stonework, and nails for slates. It develops a green rust called patina that preserves rather than corrodes the metal. However, copper should not be used for water collection due to toxicity. - Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc. Common proportions are 3:1 copper to zinc. Brass is yellow, durable, malleable, and resistant to tarnishing. - Delta metal, an improved brass that is strong, durable, and takes a high polish. It is used for machinery,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    18 views1 page

    Book The

    Uploaded by

    reacharunk
    This document discusses various metals used in architecture and construction, including their properties and applications. It provides details on: - Copper, which is used for roofing, cramps for stonework, and nails for slates. It develops a green rust called patina that preserves rather than corrodes the metal. However, copper should not be used for water collection due to toxicity. - Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc. Common proportions are 3:1 copper to zinc. Brass is yellow, durable, malleable, and resistant to tarnishing. - Delta metal, an improved brass that is strong, durable, and takes a high polish. It is used for machinery,

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    of 1

    518 THEORY OF ARCHITECTUEE.

    Book
    II.
    the usual price of copper
    ;
    the cost of hibour is neai-ly the same. The durahility of copper
    may be taken to be three or four tinieB that of zinc. It requires to be laid by skilled
    workmen.
    1789a. Copper is reduced to sheet by being passed through large rollers, by W'hieh it
    can be rendered very thin. The thickness generally used is from 12 to 18 oz. to the
    foot superficial. Exposed to the air its lustre is soon gone; it assumes a tarnish of a dull
    brown colour, gradually deHpeuing by time into one of bronze
    ;
    and, lastly, it takes a greeu
    rust or calx, called patina by the autiquaries, which, unlike the rust of iron, does not in-
    jure and corrode the internal parts, confining itself to the surface, and rather preserving
    than destroying the metal. Hence one of the most important applications of copper is in
    cramps for stone work, especially when they are exposed to the air, -when its cost, which
    is about six or eight times that of iron fasienings, can be uffoi'ded. Copper nails lor
    fastening slates in rooting are recommended in lieu of even zinc nails.
    ITSO/a It may be here well to observe, that if water is collected from roofs for culinary
    purposes, copper must not be used about them, neither should any ix'servuirs for collecting
    and holding it be made of that metal, as ou the surface is formed a film of verdigris,
    which is poisonous.
    Brass.
    i790. Alloj'cd with zinc, it forms brass for the handles of doors, shutters, locks,
    drawers, and the furniture generally of joinery. The xisual proportion is one part
    of zinc to three of copper ; it is then more fusible, and is of a fine yellow colour,
    less liable to tarnish from the action of the air, and so malleable and ductile that
    it can be beaten into very thin leaves and drawn into very fine wire. The extremes
    of the proportions of zinc used in it are from 12 to 25 per cent, of the whole.
    Even with the last, if well manufactured, it is quite malle.able, although zinc by itself
    scarcely yields to the hammer. The appearance of brass is frequently given to other
    metals by Mashing them over with a yellort' lacquer or varnish. Cast brass weighs
    525 lbs. per cubic foot.
    1790rt. Delta metal is an alloy, an improved brass, hard, durable, and strong as mild
    steel, possessing a beautiful fine colour. When melted it products sound castings of fine
    grain
    ;
    it can be forged and rolled hot and cold, and takes a very high polish. It is being
    used for all kinds of machinery, house, doDr, and harness fittings, stair plates, &c. To
    test the action of acids on wrought iron, steel, and delta metal, rolled bars of eaidi were
    immersed for six and a half mouths in acid water ; the weights when put in were r\8()5
    lbs., r2125 lbs., and 1*2787 lbs. respectively. After that period they were found to be
    6393 lbs., 6614 lbs., and 1-2633 lbs. respectively
    ;
    showing a loss of 46-3,
    45'4o, and
    1'2
    per cent, respectively. This Delta metal is said to be now extensively used lor
    underground machiuery in mines.
    Bro7izc or Bell-metal.
    1791. Copper with tin (which last melts at
    426 Fahr. and resists oxidation
    better than any of the more common metals) in the proportion of one-tenth to one-
    fifth of the whole forms a composition called hnnce or bell-metal, used in the foundery
    of statues, bells, cannons, &c. When tin forms nearly one-third of the alloy, a
    beautiful white close-grained brittle metal is formed, susceptible of a very high
    polish, which is used for the specula of reflecting telescopes. Bronze weighs 513 lbs.
    per cubic foot.
    Sect. VIII.
    ZINC.
    1792. Zinc is found in all quarters of the globe. In Great Britain it is abundant,
    though therein never found in a native state. It usually contains an admixture of lead
    and Bulpur. When purified from these, it is of a light blue colour, between lead and tin,

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