10-2 Areas of Trapezoids, Rhombuses and Kites

Problem 1
Got It?
Lesson 10-2 Areas of Trapezoids, Rhombuses, and Kites 623
10-2
Objective To fnd the area of a trapezoid, rhombus, or kite
Areas of Trapezoids,
Rhombuses, and Kites
Essential Understanding You can fnd the area of a trapezoid when you know
its height and the lengths of its bases.
Te height of a trapezoid is the perpendicular distance between the bases.
E
Rearranging
figures into
familiar shapes is
an example of the
Solve a Simpler
Problem strategy.
b
1
b
2
Draw a trapezoid on a sheet of graph paper.
Label the bases b
1
and b
2
. Draw its midsegment.
Cut out the trapezoid, and then cut it along the
midsegment. Rotate the top part of the trapezoid
1808 so that b
1
and b
2
now form one long base.
How can you use this new figure to find the area
of the trapezoid? Explain your reasoning.
Lesson
Vocabulary
height of a
trapezoid
L
V
L
V
h
LL
VVV
Theorem 10-4 Area of a Trapezoid

Te area of a trapezoid is half the product of the height and
the sum of the bases.
A 5
1
2

h(b
1
1 b
2
)

h
b
1
b
2
Area of a Trapezoid
Geography What is the approximate area of Nevada?
A 5
1
2

h(b
1
1 b
2
) Use the formula for area of a
trapezoid.
5
1
2

(309)(205 1 511) Substitute 309 for h, 205 for
b
1
, and 511 for b
2
.
5 110,622 Simplify.
Te area of Nevada is about 110,600 mi
2
.
1. What is the area of a trapezoid with height
7 cm and bases 12 cm and 15 cm?
Las
Vegas
Reno
Carson City
309 mi
511 mi
205 mi
G
T
Which borders of
Nevada can you use
as the bases of a
trapezoid?
The two parallel sides of
Nevada form the bases
of a trapezoid.
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Problem 2
Got It?
Problem 3
Got It?
624 Chapter 10 Area
Finding Area Using a Right Triangle
What is the area of trapezoid PQRS?
You can draw an altitude that divides the trapezoid into a rectangle
and a 308-608-908 triangle. Since the opposite sides of a rectangle are
congruent, the longer base of the trapezoid is divided into segments
of lengths 2 m and 5 m.
h 5 2 !3 longer leg 5 shorter leg ? !3
A 5
1
2

h(b
1
1 b
2
) Use the trapezoid area formula.
5
1
2

(2!3)(7 1 5) Substitute 2!3 for h, 7 for b
1
, and 5 for b
2
.
5 12!3 Simplify.
Te area of trapezoid PQRS is 12!3 m
2
.
2. Reasoning In Problem 2, suppose h decreases so that m/P 5 45 while
angles R and Q and the bases stay the same. What is the area of
trapezoid PQRS?
Essential Understanding You can fnd the area of a rhombus or a kite when
you know the lengths of its diagonals.
Theorem 10-5 Area of a Rhombus or a Kite
Te area of a rhombus or a kite is half the product
of the lengths of its diagonals.
A 5
1
2

d
1
d
2
Rhombus Kite
d
1
d
2
d
1
d
2
Finding the Area of a Kite
What is the area of kite KLMN?
Find the lengths of the two diagonals:
KM 5 2 1 5 5 7 m and LN 5 3 1 3 5 6 m.
A 5
1
2

d
1
d
2
Use the formula for area of a kite.
5
1
2

(7)(6) Substitute 7 for d
1
and 6 for d
2
.
5 21 Simplify.
Te area of kite KLMN is 21 m
2
.
3. What is the area of a kite with diagonals that are 12 in. and 9 in. long?
7 m
5 m
60
S
Q
R
P
5 m 2 m
5 m
60
S
h
Q
R
P
M
L
N
K
2 m
3 m
3 m
5 m
W
F
K
Do you need to know
the side lengths of
the kite to nd its
area?
No. You only need the
lengths of the diagonals.
Y
a
c
o
How are the sides
related in a 308-608-
908 triangle?
The length of the
hypotenuse is 2 times the
length of the shorter leg,
and the longer leg is
!3 times the length of
the shorter leg.
6.5 ft
A
B
C
2.5 ft
Problem 4
Got It?
Finding the Area of a Rhombus
Car Pooling Te High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lane
is marked by a series of diamonds, or rhombuses
painted on the pavement. What is the area of the HOV
lane diamond shown at the right?
nABC is a right triangle. Using the Pythagorean
Teorem, AB 5 "6.5
2
2 2.5
2
5 6. Since the diagonals
of a rhombus bisect each other, the diagonals of the
HOV lane diamond are 5 ft and 12 ft.
A 5
1
2
d
1
d
2
Use the formula for area of a rhombus.
5
1
2
(5)(12) Substitute 5 for d
1
and 12 for d
2
.
5 30 Simplify.
Te area of the HOV lane diamond is 30 ft
2
.
4. A rhombus has sides 10 cm long.
If the longer diagonal is 16 cm,
what is the area of the rhombus?
Lesson Check
Do you know HOW?
Find the area of each fgure.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
Do you UNDERSTAND?
7. Vocabulary Can a trapezoid and a parallelogram
with the same base and height have the same area?
Explain.
8. Reasoning Do you need to know all the side lengths
to fnd the area of a trapezoid?
9. Reasoning Can you fnd the area of a rhombus if you
only know the lengths of its sides? Explain.
10. Reasoning Do you need to know the lengths of the
sides to fnd the area of a kite? Explain.
4 m
6 m
10 m
15 in.
18 in.
27 in.
3 ft
5 ft
12 in.
12 in.
20 m
10 m
10 m
10 m
3 cm
2 cm
1 cm
2 cm
h
b
h
b
l
n
T
o
H
How can you nd the
length of AB?
AB is a leg of right
nABC. You can use the
Pythagorean Theorem,
a
2
1 b
2
5 c
2
, to nd
its length.
626 Chapter 10 Area
Practice and Problem-Solving Exercises
Find the area of each trapezoid
11. 12. 13.
14. Find the area of a trapezoid with bases 12 cm and 18 cm and height 10 cm.
15. Find the area of a trapezoid with bases 2 ft and 3 ft and height
1
3
ft.
16. Geography Te border of Tennessee resembles a trapezoid with bases 340 mi and
440 mi and height 110 mi. Estimate the area of Tennessee by fnding the area of the
trapezoid.
Find the area of each trapezoid. If your answer is not an integer, leave it in
simplest radical form.
17. 18. 19.
Find the area of each kite.
20. 21. 22.
Find the area of each rhombus.
23. 24. 25.
26. Think About a Plan A trapezoid has two right angles, 12-m and 18-m bases, and an
8-m height. Sketch the trapezoid and fnd its perimeter and area.
Are the right angles consecutive or opposite angles?
How does knowing the height help you fnd the perimeter?
Practice A See Problem 1.
21 in.
16 in.
38 in.
24.3 cm
8.5 cm
9.7 cm
6 ft
18 ft
9 ft
See Problem 2.
6 ft
5 ft
3 ft
8 ft
60
15 ft
6 m
10 m
8 m
See Problem 3.
2 in.
8 in.
8 in.
8 in.
2 m
3 m
3 m
4 m
4 ft 4 ft
6 ft
See Problem 4.
2
0

f
t
3
0

f
t
8 in.
10 in.
6 m
5 m
Apply
B
27. Metallurgy Te end of a gold bar has the shape of a trapezoid
with the measurements shown. Find the area of the end.
28. Open-Ended Draw a kite. Measure the lengths of its diagonals.
Find its area.
Find the area of each trapezoid to the nearest tenth.
29. 30. 31.
Coordinate Geometry Find the area of quadrilateral QRST.
32. 33. 34.
35. What is the area of the kite at the right?
90 m
2
135 m
2
108 m
2
216 m
2
36. a. Coordinate Geometry Graph the lines x 5 0, x 5 6, y 5 0, and y 5 x 1 4.
b. What type of quadrilateral do the lines form?
c. Find the area of the quadrilateral.
Find the area of each rhombus. Leave your answer in simplest radical form.
37. 38. 39.
40. Visualization Te kite has diagonals d
1
and d
2
congruent to the sides of the
rectangle. Explain why the area of the kite is
1
2
d
1
d
2
.
41. Draw a trapezoid. Label its bases b
1
and b
2
and its height h. Ten draw a
diagonal of the trapezoid.
a. Write equations for the area of each of the two triangles formed.
b. Writing Explain how you can justify the trapezoid area formula using
the areas of the two triangles.
6.9 cm
9.2 cm
4.4 cm
4 cm
1 cm
3 cm
3 cm
8 ft
9 ft
30
1.7 m
2.1 m
0.9 m
45
y
x Q
T
S
2
2
2 4
R y
x
Q
S
R
T 2
2
4
4
x
Q
O
S
R
T
y
2
2 2
2
9
2 m
45
6 m
45
3 cm
60
4 m
30
8 in.
d
1
d
2
628 Chapter 10 Area
42. Algebra One base of a trapezoid is twice the other. Te height is the average of the
two bases. Te area is 324 cm
2
. Find the height and the bases. (Hint: Let the smaller
base be x.)
43. Sports Ty wants to paint one side of
the skateboarding ramp he built. Te
ramp is 4 m wide. Its surface is
modeled by the equation y 5 0.25x
2
.
Use the trapezoids and triangles
shown to estimate the area to be
painted.
44. In trapezoid ABCD at the right, AB 6 DC. Find the area of ABCD.
Challenge
C
x
O
y 0.25x
2
y
2 1 1 2
1
A
B
C
D
15 in.
20 in.
135
30
Mixed Review
48. Find the area of a right isosceles triangle that has one leg of length 12 cm.
49. A right isosceles triangle has area 112.5 ft
2
. Find the length of each leg.
50. Find the measure of an interior angle of a regular nonagon.
Get Ready! To prepare for Lesson 10-3, do Exercises 5153.
Find the area of each regular polygon. Leave radicals in simplest form.
51. 52. 53.
See Lesson 10-1.
See Lesson 6-1.
See Lesson 8-2.
10 cm 10 ft
10 m
Standardized Test Prep
45. Te area of a kite is 120 cm
2
. Te length of one diagonal is 20 cm. What is the length
of the other diagonal?
12 cm 20 cm 24 cm 48 cm
46. nABC , nXYZ. AB 5 6, BC 5 3, and CA 5 7. Which of the following are NOT
possible dimensions of nXYZ?
XY 5 3, YZ 5 1.5, ZX 5 3.5 XY 5 10, YZ 5 7, ZX 5 11
XY 5 9, YZ 5 4.5, ZX 5 10.5 XY 5 18, YZ 5 9, ZX 5 21
47. Draw an angle. Construct a congruent angle and its bisector.
SAT/ACT
Short
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Problem 1

Theorem 10-4 Area of a Trapezoid

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