Welcome To Science 1 and 2

Maintain a positive attitude.
"Whether you think that you can, or

that you can't, you are usually
right." - Henry Ford
What is science?
Science discovers the why and
how of the way nature works.
It also seeks the answers to
questions and problems.
People then use technology,
engineering, and math to solve
problems and answer questions
using the information science has
discovered.
What science will we study this year?
Physics how
does energy
and matter
interact?
Chemistry - science
of matter, how it
reacts, as well as
also its composition,
structure and
properties
Heredity
How are traits
passed down?
Observations
How we look at
things in
science
What is observation?
Observations are made in
science. They are made by using:
Senses
Tools
increase accuracy & precision
Facts not opinions.

Two types of Observation
Qualitative

Quantitative
Qualitative Observations
Hard to measure
Describes the qualities of
something
Color
Taste
Sound
Quantitative Observations
Can be expressed in numbers
Can be counted or measured
Amounts
Temperature
Mass
Length
Allow us to communicate specifics
Tools are used to communicate data
Observations are collected in data tables

Inference
Drawing a conclusion based on data and
observation
The process of drawing a conclusion from
given evidence.
Practice:
Observations:
I hear people screaming
I smell cotton candy, popcorn, and hamburgers
I see a lot of people
Inference = ?

Observation Inference
That plant is
extremely
wilted.

The car stopped
running

The
Diamondbacks
are leading
their division
That plant is extremely
wilted due to a lack of
water.

The car stooped running
because it was out of gas.

The Diamondbacks are
leading their division
because they are playing
well right now.
OBSERVATION
OR
INFERENCE
Lets Practice.
Look at the picture & decide if the statement is an
The narrow windows were used as rifle
slits.
There was a garden located outside the
Citadel.
Gardens were an important part of everyday life during the
military years on Alcatraz Island.
Men were required to wear jackets and women
were required to wear dresses
The citadel was made of brick.
There is a picket fence.
People used to spend more time outside.
Look at these two sets of
animal tracks.

List 3 OBSERVATIONS

Make an INFERENCE
Now what do you think?
Make 3 OBSERVATIONS
Make an INFERENCE
Now what do you think?
Make 3 OBSERVATIONS
Make an INFERENCE
When to use observation & inference
During experiments, record
observations NOT inferences

Inferences may be used when
writing the conclusion in your
lab report.

Scientific Method
A blueprint for
experiment
success.
What is the scientific method?
It is a simple method scientists
use to conduct an investigation.
It is a way to ask & answer
scientific questions by asking
questions & conducting
experiments.
I. Question/Problem
Ask a question about something
observed.
Why?
How?
What?
Question to be solved.
Must be about something
measurable.

II. Hypothesis
Educated guess about how
things work.
Prediction
Use If, then statements
If ____ [I do this], then _____ [this will
happen]
Focus on one variable only.

III. Experiment
Tests your hypothesis.
Is it accepted (right) or rejected
(wrong) ?
Change only one variable at a
time.
Use a control or control group (A
group that has nothing done to it. Standard
used for comparison in an experiment.)
In order for results to be valid,
conduct several tests.

III. Experiment
Record your data in a data table.
Numerical (quantitative) data organized
in rows and columns
The specific independent variables are
listed
The number of trials are listed
Blanks are left for the data (dependent
variable) to be filled in

III. Experiment
Trial Variable 1 Variable 2 Variable 3
1
2
3
4
5
AVERAGE
Title: Describing the Data
IV. Data Analysis
Reduce the data
Average (Mean)
Graph
Graph the data to look for trends &
relationships.
V. Conclusion
Summary of your experiment.
After your experiment, analyze your
data to see if your hypothesis was
accepted or rejected.
If hypothesis is rejected, give
possible reasons for the
difference between your
hypothesis and the experimental
results.

Pair Share Procedure
Partners take turns listening and sharing

1. Teacher announces a topic and states
how long each student will have to
share.
2. Teacher provides think time.
3. In pairs, Partner A shares; Partner B
listens.
4. Partner B shares.
5. Partners switch roles.

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Maintain a positive attitude.

"Whether you think that you can, or

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