SSeotember

2013 sk]vw_ 4
hmb\mcpsS
kwhmZw
"\ ak':
A]w Nne Imcy IqSn
HmKkv v ew Ih tmdnbn
("tIcfob bpnhmZns ]cmPbw:
]mThpw ]T\hpw') C. sI. Abaphn
s v \smcp a\vk\mIm t\mv
F \mSIs kw_np ]cm
ai Gsd Xm]cytmsSbmWv
hmbnXv. \mSIsbpw AXnse {]
tabns ]cnWnXnsbbpw kw_n
teJIs hnebncpepI {it
bambncnpp. AhtbmSv {]XnIcn
m IyqWnpI XmdmtIn
bncnpp.
B[p\nI cm{ob \mSIv C
Uybn XpSamIpXv sImtfmWn
b bpKnemWv. 1872 sImI
bn "\mjW Xntb' Bcw`nXpw
Zo\_p an{XbpsS "\o Z]'
t]mep _wKmfn \mSI Act
dnbXpw CUy cm{ob \mSI Ncn
{Xnse kp{][m\ kw`hfmbncp
p. almIhn Ipansbpw hnZzm
]n. tIfp\mbcpsSbpsamw ]cn{ia
hgnbmWv {_nojpImcpsS Ime
v ae_mdn \mSI{]m\w kPo
hambXv. ]pcmW IYIsf Bkv]Zam
nbp tZiobhmZ \mSIfmbncp
p AhcptSXv. sXmmbncn ap
XpIfpsS ]IpXntbmsS IjI kw
Lw {]h\ hgn IyqWnp
I \mSIcwKtv {]thinp. sI.
ZmtamZcs ]m_mn(1937)bmbncpp
Ghpw {itbamb Hmw Xeapd a
ebmf IyqWnv \mSIw.
IyqWnv \mSI tIcfn
se BZyIme CSXp] kmwkvImcn
I {]hIcpsS ss[jWnI anIhn
\v kmyw \npXmbn IyqWn
v Ncn{XImcam AhImisSmdp
v. bYmYn, henb Igsmp
anm Hcp hmZamWnXv. Gsd sImn
tLmjnsnp tXmn `mknbp
sS \n F IyqWnmn (1952)
t]mepw, PohnXnse Xnm\p`h
Hcmsf IyqWnkv mpsa A
XnefnXamb ss]nfn `mh\bmWv ]
pshpXv. PohnX{]bmksf hn
iZoIcnm Zmi\nIambn thsdbpw
hgnIfpsncns Ahsb \ncq]
Ww sNm\p {iaamWv IyqWnp
I \StXv. AXv \mSIn C
tbn. Abaphns "\ ak' A
cnsepXv `mknbpsS \mSIw P
\Iobambn \ne\n Hcp k`n
emWv. cp \mSIfpw tNpsh
v hmbnm `mknbpsS {]tabw Nn
d t`ZKXnI hcpn Hcp amnf ]
mXen ]p\cmhnjvIcnpIbm
Wv \neq bphP\ IemkanXn sN
bv XXv Fv a\nemm Ignbpw. A
Xn\pdap Hcp auenIXsbmpw A
Xn\pmbncpn. v \smcp a\v
k\mIm t\mv F t]cpXs, b
YmYn \mSIw hynlXy \S
m {ian sI. kn. A_q_
auehnbpsS kw`mh\bmsWv ]d
ptInpv. Hcp kzImcy kwhmZ
n\nSbn Atlw Av IyqWn
mbncp tUm. Fw. Dkvvam kmln
_nt\mSv Gd\mS ssienbn ""v
\smcp a\vk\mIm t\mv sNm
bv'' Fv ]dXmWs{X Abap \m
SIns t]cmn amnbXv.
Fmbncpmepw, apkvvenw kapZm
bn\Iv \S IyqWnv Bi
b {]NcWns Ncn{Xw hniZambn
]TnstSXpv . \mbCugh k
aqlfnse IyqWnv apt
C{]Imcw ]Tnsnpv. IyqWn
v Ncn{XImcamcpsS AhImihmZ
]eXpw As\ tNmZyw sN
snpapv. `mknbpsS \mSIs hn
ai\mIambn hnebncpnsmm
Wv ]nImev knhnIv N{s \n
Bsc IyqWnmn t]mep
\mSIfpmbXv . Fm tIcfob I
yqWnkns apkv v enw A\p`hw th
hn[n N sNsnn. kv t\l
kwhmZw \Snb CSs]S AXns\m
cp XpSamIs Fv {]mnpp.
teJI\v Fmhn[ BiwkIfpw!
\Polv, AImSw
a\pjymkvXnXzw
bpnhmZnbpsS
Ghpw henb XethZ\
HmKkvv ew kvt\lkwhmZ
nse bpnhmZns ]cmPbw hn
iIe\w sNbv XpsImp hn`h
(Ih tmdn, A`napJw, ImSn) G
sd \mbn. sNdnbapw Nqnm
WnXpt]mse, a\pjymkv XnXzns
khntijXIsf Hcp ùXnIhmZnpw
2013 sk]vw_ 5
kXykambn hniIe\w sNm\m
In. "kz'spdnsnepw "bp
n' D]tbmKnv BtemNnncps
n "bpnhmZnI' ssZhs Is
pambncpp FXmWv bYmYyw.
kwhmZw hmbnpIgn tijamWv {]
ikv X ]mmXy Ckvv emanI {]t_m
[I\pw XzNnm hnZKv [\pamb lw
k tkmnkns (Hamza Tzortis) Hcp
sNdpteJ\w ("Reflections on the self')
{ibns]Xv. a\pjymmhns au
enIXbntev XsbmWv Atlhpw
bpnhmZnIfpsS {i WnpXv .
www.hamzatzortis.com e`yamb {]
kv XpX teJ\n Atlw Imcy
kwn]vXambn, Fm `wKn
bmbn kanncnpp. a\pjys
kzXzs, Bmhns\, t_m[s, Nn
sb NsSpm bpnhmZw \n
ews]mpsav NqnmWnpsImv dn
mUv tUmInkv Ccsamcp Nbn
CSs]v (a\pjymkv XnXzspdnv ) "\
apdnbn... \apv a\nemm I
gnbpn' Fv ]dXv lwk D
cnppv. \ncoizchmZns ASn
m\cmlnXyw XpdpImWnp Iq
Sp X te J \ kv t\ l kw hm Z
n\nv {]Xonpp.
kmZv lpkbv, AeSn
apkvenwI Im
]mv sNcpXv!
Ckvemtamt^m_nbsb {]Xntcm
[nm\p amKsfpdn N
I s]mSns]mSnpXn\nSbn apkv
enwIsf A]cambn ]cnKWnp Zp
jv{]hWXv "atXXc' ]Snmdp\n
pw hopw DZmlcWapmbncnp
p. sSIvkmknse lqWnse Hcp
tjmnwKv am, XfpsS ]mnwKv
Gcnbbn "apkvenwI Im ]mv
sNcpXv' FmhiysSp t_mUv
shXmWv ]pXnb hnhmZns ASn
m\w. "t\m apkvenw ]mnwKv C
Zn shv hyq tjmnwKv sk' F
AdnbnmWs{X, amfnsenb D]t`m
msf kzmKXw sNbv XXv. "CUy
mpw ]nIpw {]thi\an' F
v {_nojpIm CUybn m]n
Nne XntbdpIv apn Fgp
XnshmdpmbncpXns\pdnv N
cn{X]pkv XIfn hmbnXmWv CXv
tItm Hma hXv . sXmSpp
apkvenw ]nbn shnbmgvN {]m
Y\v hcph XfpsS ]mnwKv
kuIcyw D]tbmKsSppXv XSbp
I am{Xambncpp XfpsS Dtiyw
FmWv am A[nIrXcpsS hniZoI
cWw. AXv icnbmsWv hm X
sbpw, tjmnwKv am t]mep Hcp
2013 sk]vw_ 20,21,22
N\mtcn
\nv Hm^v {Sqv {XnZn\ ZAvhm Iymv
For Registeration: 9961467018, 9846172323
B[p\nI s]mXpCSntev Hcn
epw am\yambn ISphcm CSbnm
Hcp A]cnjvIrX "]nPohn'bm
bn apkv enw am \SnpImcpsS A
t_m[n hp FXv `bsSpp
Hcp {]iv \at? {]Xyamb hw
ishdnbp Hcdnbnv Hcp s]mXp\n
cn apkvenwIsXnsc shp
tm Hv ktlnpIt]mepw th
Xnm hn[w \psS kmlNcy
shdpv \ndXmsWv hcp
tm kXyambpw `bw tXmpp.
tIcfn t]mepw Cu shdpn
s tcmKmWp hym]Iambnsmn
cnpIbmWv. C_v dmlow dp_mbnin
s IhnX AbmfpsS kpDuZn, apkv
enw ]mXensbpw Atacn
]oUm\p`hfpsSbpw shfnnam
{Xw tImgntmSv khIemimebpsS
]mT]pkv XIn \nv \ow sN
m At\zjW Ioj sNbam
\pw sshkv Nmkepw tXmnb
Xv sNpXv icnbmsW t_m[yn
s _enemIn, As\ sNbvXn
sn tIm t]mIp "Xo{hhmZn'
hnfnIsf `bnmbncnpw. Gsdmakn
bmsX \psS \mnepw "t\m apkv enw Im
]mnwKv ' t_mUpI DbcpsamtWm
\mw {]XontXv ?
blvbm kIcn, Xrn\m]n
2013 sk]vw_ 6
HmasSpepI
A_qsi^n
hnip ]mX
"Fncns Ahsp]n? knwln \nv HmSn csSp
hndfn]nSn IgpXIsftmWw Ah Dt_m[\n \nv
XncnpIfbphcmbncnpp.' (IzpB 74:4951)
sNdptXm heptXm Bb D]tZi tIm
hcmbn Bcpan. D]tZi HmasSpepIfmWv. A
Xbntem AXbntem Bbncnptmgp Hmas
SpepI. D]tZi Bibfmhmw, hmpIfmhmw,
\o {]kwKfmhmw, henb ]pkv XIfmhmw, {]Ir
Xn {]Xn`mkfmhmw, Im
gvNIfpw A\p`hfpam
hmw.
hn ip Izp B \n
s `mjbn {]hmNI
amcpsSbpw {]hmNIam
cpsS {]t_m[nX kaql
fpsSbpw Ncn{Xw D]tZ
iamWv. {]hmNIamcp
sSbpw AhcpsS kaql
fpsSbpw kw`h_lp
eamb Ncn{Xw Ah
p m b Xn m \p ` h
, Ah _mnsh
Ncn{X]camb tijnp
I henb D]tZi
fmbn tIm\pw ImWm
\pw ]Tnm\pw Hmas
Spppv IzpB (69: 12, 11: 8283, 11: 94, 41: 1618 Xp
Snbh ImWpI).
{]IrXnbnse tImSm\ptImSn ApX {]Xn`mksf
HmasSpembn ]cnKWnm\mWv IzpB\ns Blzm
\w. {kmhv I\ncpfnb A\p{Kl Xs PohnXm
hiyfpsS ]qoIcWn\v A\nhmcyamsW hkv
XpX, AhbpsS Akmn[yhpw A]cym]vXXbpw krn
p òIcamb kmlNcysf IpdnmtemNnv a\n
s Bgfn thcqp HmasSpembn cq]sS
Ww. kpJmVw_cfpsSbpw PohnXhn`hfpsSbpw ap
n Fmw adpt]mIp a\pjyt\mSv IzpB tNm
Znpp: "C\n, \n IpSnp shsn \n
Nnnpt\mnbnptm? \nfmtWm AXv taL
n \nv CdnbXv? AX, \mw (Amlp) BtWm
Cdnbh? \mw Dtin
ncpsn AXv Zpzm
Zp Dpshampambn
cpp. Fncns \n
\n ImWnmsXm
Wv? \n Dcknn
pXmb Xobns\n \n
Nnnpt\mnbnp
tm? \nfmtWm AXn
s acw krnpmnb
Xv? AX \mamtWm kr
n p m n b h? \mw
AXns\ Hcp Nnmhnj
bamnbncnpp, Zcn{Zcm
b kmcnIv Hcp Po
hn X ku I cy hpw' (56:
6873). Pens Zue
`yX krnp òXn a
\pjys am{Xa Poh\p apgph hkvXpfpsSbpw
\ne\n]ns\ Xs tNmZyw sNp ]pXnb kmlN
cyn IzpB\ns HmasSpepIsf Kucham
bn ImWm IgnbWw.
tcmKhpw tcmKnbpw acWhpw hsc iamb D]tZ
i \Ippshv ]Tnn {]hmNI\mWv aplZv
\_n (k). D]tZifpsSbpw HmasSpepIfpsSbpw
CSfn\nv HmSnbIep a\pjys\ Ipdnv ]Tnn
pXcnIbmWv XpSnepcn IzpB hN\w.
2013 sk]vw_ 7
]{Xm[n]v ]dbm\pXv
t{ijvTam\hcmb {]hmNIamscmw \nhln AXnt{ijvTamb {]h\amWv C
kv emanI {]t_m[\w. klPohnIsf Xnbn \nIn kwkv IcnpIbpw kzK{]th
i\n\v AlcmpIbpw sNpXnt\m henb Fv tkh\{]h\amWp
Xv? imizX \cIn \nv {]t_m[nXsc cnm BmYambn ]cn{ianhsc, ]o
UnnpIbpw `Xv knpIbpamWv kaql sNbv XsXv thZ{K hyamp
p. XnIfpsS Kn\nv \IfpsS HuXyntev kaqls ssI]nSnv D
bm {ian {]hmNImsc {`mmscv hnfn]lknpIbpw PmehnZymscv
hnfnv ]cnlknpIbpw sNbvXtmgpw AhcpsS hynXz amlmyspdnv t_m[
aphcpw AXwKoIcnm k\v ImWnhcpambncpp AhcpsS i{Xp t]mep
sa hkvXpX Ah \nhln {]t_m[\{]h\fn Gs]Sphscmw a\n
cpn ]TntXmWv. kzw PohnXs kwkvIcnpItbm DXamb CkvemanI aqey
kzw PohnXn ]IpItbm sNm kamh aphsc \mm
\p {]h\fpsS _mUvPpambn kaqln\papn {]XysSptm bYmY
n CkvemanI aqey XakvIcnsSpIbmWv sNpXv. ]dbm am{Xw sImm
hpXpw {]kwKnp\Sphv t]mepw {]tbmKhIcnm\mImXpamb BZi
fmWv CkvemantsXv sXp[cnnpIsb "tkh\w' am{XamWv Ccw {]kwK{]
t_m[Im sNpXv. Amlphntev WnphcmWv Ghpw \ hmv ]dbp
h Fv DZv tLmjnp kqdp ^pznense apnaqmw hN\n Ah
kIa {]hnphcpw X apkvenwIfpsS Iqn s]hcmsWv {]
Jym]nphcpw BsWv CkvemanI{]t_m[IcpsS KpWambn FSpp]dnps
Imcyw {itbamWv. CkvemanI aqeyfm {]IminXamb kIafn A[njvTn
Xamb PohnXw \bnpht BmYambn Amlphntev Wnm\mIq F h
kvXpXbmWv Cu IzpB hN\w hyampXv.
\ I]npIbpw Xn hntcm[npIbpw sNm Rm B{Klnppshv C_v
\p Amknt\mSv(d) ]dbmtfmSv IzpB\nse aqv hN\fpsS ASnm\n \o
AhtlfnsSpIbnsv DdmsWn am{Xw \o B {]h\n Gs]SpIsb
v Atlw {]XnhNnXmbp \nthZ\w {]t_m[\{]h\fn Gs]SphcpsS
sbmw a\n XtXmWv. "\n P\tfmSv \ I]npIbpw \nfpsS kzw
icocsf hnkvacnpIbpw sNpIbmtWm' F hN\hpw, "kXyhnizmknItf, \n
{]hnmXv \n Fn\v ]dbpp? \n sNmXv ]dbpXv Amlphn
kzbw {]t_m[nXcmhpI!
2013 sk]vw_ 8
henb t{Im[n\v ImcWambncnpp' F hN\hpw, "(ipsF_v \_n(A) ]d
p:) GsXmcp ZpjvIrXyn \nv Rm \nsf XSbppthm AXv Rm kzbw
{]hnpItbm' F hN\hpw DcnpsImv Chb\pkcnv Xm {]hnp
thm F tNmZyn\v C F Dcw ]dtm Abmsf C_v\p Amkv (d) D]
tZinXv "Xm kzn \nv XpSpI'sbmsW Imcyw {itbamWv. aph
sc D]tZinpIbpw kwkvIcnm {ianpIbpw sNpIsb alZv IrXyn\v Hcp
sSph BZyw kzs D]tZinpIbpw kzbw kwkvIcWn\v hnt[bamhpI
bpw sNtXps ]mTamWv C_v\p Amkn(d) \np Cu AY DsImp
Xv. Cu ]mTapsImphm {]t_m[\ {]h\fn Gs]Sph kam
ImXn\memWv Cu cwKw am\yasv s]mXpkaqln\v tXmntmIp hn[n
A[]XnpXv.
"AWpaWnqw Almcw a\neph kzKn {]thinpIbn. A
\ys AhImi XSpshepw P\sf sNdpXmbn ImWepamWv Almcw'
(kzlolv apkv enw) F lZoYv ]TnphcpsS a\v "Rm' F `mhn\nv
]qWambpw apsan; `qtemIpshv A\ys am\w ]nnopIbpw Zpcmtcm]
W \SpIbpw [\w A\ymbambn XnpIbpw cw NnpIbpw sNbvXv ]ctem
Iv lmPcmsSph Xs kIasfmw Xm \mhpsImpw ssIsImpw
A{Ianhv hoXnpsImSptn hcpsapw AXv Ignv A{IanshcpsS Xn
I CbmfpsS IWnsegpXntv Cbm ]mcmbnov \cInsednbsSp
sapw D \_napdnbnns\(kzlolv apkvenw)pdnv P\sf t_m[hmmcmp
hcpsS \mhpw Ichpw kpsampw Ahsc ]mcmpIbnsv Ddphcpm
Ahv Ignbpsan; "hnizknm NXnpI, kwkmcnm Ifhv ]dbpI, hmKvZ
w sNbvXm ewLnpI, Xn sXnbm ]pe`yw ]dbpI' Fnh I]Shnizmkn
IfpsS eWfmsW (kzlolv _pJmcn, kzlolv apkvenw) {]hmNIhN\w D
cnv {]kwKnph Xfn Im]Syns emRvP\ t]mepansv Ddphcpm
kcmsWn; "Aoehpw Ak`yhpw ]dbphsc Ay\mfn Amlp shdp
pw'(XpapZn) F lZoYns kzoImcyXsbpdnv N sNph XfpsS hm
samgnbnepw hcsamgnbnepw Aoehpw Ak`yhpw ISphcnIbnspdnm Xm
dmsWn; NnetcmSv Hcp apJtmSpIqSnbpw ap NnetcmSv thsdmcp apJtmSpIqSn
bpw s]cpamdp CcpapJmc\mWv Ay\mfn Ghpw tamimc\mbn ]cnKWn
sSph (kzlolv _pJmcn, kzlolv apkvenw) F {]hmNI hN\w Dcnv D]tZ
inph AmlphnsbSp tamimcmIphcmbn amdn Xsfv {]Xn
sNm Hcpsan; "GjWnmc kzKn {]thinpIbn' (kzlolv _pJm
cn, kzlolv apkv enw) F \_nhN\w Dcnv JpXp_ \nhlnph Xs \m
hn \nv GjWnbpmhpItbm GjWn kZn Xs kmn[yapmhpItbm sN
nsv Ddphcpm kcmsWn; "Xo hndIns\ Xnv \innpXpt]mse
Akqb \nfpsS \Isf Xnp\innpXv \n kqnWw'(A_qZmhqZv) F
\nthZ\ns ]cc Zp_esav m]nphm XfpsS sshm\nI anIhv
D]tbmKnph XfpsS a\v Akqbbn \nv ]qWambpw apamsWv Ddp
hcpnbncpsn; \psS {]t_m[\cwKw Fpam{Xw am\yambncpts\! As\
bmbncpsn {]hmNImcpsS {]t_m[\ ]mccyw AhImisSm \apsmw I
gnbpambncpp.
{]t_m[\cwKv iambn \ne\npIbpw Fm Xs kzw PohnXw hn
ipoIcnm XmdmImXncnpIbpw sNph, ]ctemIt_m[aphcmsWn,
AhcpsS lrZbn Btmf\w krnm t]m Hcp {]hmNIhN\w {inpI:
"Ay\mfn Hcmsf sImphv \cInenSpw. Atm AbmfpsS IpSameI A
nbn hogpw. Fnv IgpX Nn\pNppw IdpXpt]mse Ah IpSameIv
Nppw Idnsmncnpw. Atm \cIhmknI Abmv Nppw HcpanpIqSn tNm
Znpw: tl a\pjym, XmfpsS Cu Ah FmWv? Xm `qtemIpshv R
tfmSv \ I]npIbpw Xn hntcm[npIbpw sNbv Xncpphtm. Abm ]dbpw: Rm
\ntfmSv \ I]nncppshnepw Rm\Xv sNbv Xncpn. Rm \ntfmSv Xn hntcm[nn
cpsnepw AXv sNbv Xncpp.' (kzlolv _pJmcn, kzlolv apkv enw).
2013 sk]vw_ 9
s]]hmZnIfpw enwKkaXz
n\pw kv {Xo AhImipw th
n t]mcmSphcpw kzw kaql
n kv {XoIv DX m\hpw
kv{Xo]pcpj kaXzhpw \Iphcpw
\SmphcpamWv X FmWv
bpnhmZnI AhImisSmdpXv.
kpss_Zm CZv cokv ! !! !!
tIcfob bpnhmZw
Hcp s]hmb\
hkv XpXsbsv ]cntim[ntnbn
cnpp. bpnhmZn kaqln s]
ns m\hpw \nebpw hnebpw F
msW Hcp NnbmWv, aebmfn bp
nhmZnIfpsS cN\Isf ap\nn,
Cu IpdnneqsS DtinpXv . bpn
tcJ amknI 2012 sabv en {]
knoIcn ]n. Fkv. lcnlcpdp
ns "kv {XohntamN\hpw Nne bmYm
yfpw' F teJ\w Hc]w a\
ncpn hmbntXmWv. Atlw
Cu teJ\sagpXm\pmb kmlNcyw
teJ\ns XpSnXs hy
ampp: ""tIcf bpnhmZn kw
Lw 27mw kwm\ ktf\ns
`mKambn h\nXm ktf\w Kwòcam
bn Fv ktf\n ]sSp
Bpw t_m[ysSpw. "aXfpw kv
{Xo kzmX{yhpw' F hnjbahX
cnn tUm: ]hoWpw......an\n sI ^n
enpw Xsf G]n hnjb
`wKnbmbn ssIImcyw sNbvXp F
Xn A `n \ \w A ln p p. F
m kv {Xo hntamN\ {]iv \n Nn
e bmYmyfpw ]cnKWntXp
v Fv kqNnnm\mWv Cu Ipdn
neqsS DtinpXv .''(bpntcJ 2012
sabv t]Pv 22). apJhpc Xs Imcy
hyampp. h\nXm ktf
\n {]_w AhXcnn kv{Xo
IfpsS Bib lcnlcpdpnse
]pcpj\v Zlnn FXn\npw D
mb {]XnIcWamWv Cu teJ\w.
]cn]mSnbn {]kwKnh \Inb k
tisamsWv a\nemm am
Kansnepw lcnlcIpdpns\ t]m
sebp bpnhmZnIv AXwKoI
cnm Ignbpn FXv hyw.
Atlw FgpXpp: ""{]IrXnbn kv
{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw ]ckv]c]qcI
fmWv . kv {Xo]pcpj kwtbmKneqsS
bmWv PohPmefpsS \ne\n]v {]
IrXn DtinpXv. Hcp iniphns\
K`w [cnpXn\pw {]khnpXn
\pw B iniphns ]cn]me\n\pw
kwcWn\pw BhiyambsXmw
{]IrXn, kv{Xo icocneqsS hnZKv[
ambn ssIImcyw sNbv Xncnpp.''(bp
ntcJ 2012 sabv t]Pv 22).
\nPoh{]IrXn Hmtcm Imcy
"DtinpXv' Hcp ]Xnhv bpnhm
Zn XamibmWv. AXns\ \mw shdpsX
hnSpI. kv{Xo]pcpjamcpsS ssPhn
I[a FsmsbmsW N
bpw \apv Xmew adpI.
("[aNI' bpnhmZnIsf _m[n
2013 sk]vw_ 10
pXtm!). bpntcJ {]kno
Icnncnp Cu hoW{]Imcw bp
nhmZns kzw Zmi\nI`qan
Ibn s]v Bcmbnhcpw FXmWv
Ghpw {]kamb hnjbw. bpn
hmZn ]pcpjam s]ns\ hnebn
cppsXs\bmsWv a\nem
m AXmWtm, Ghpw Bhiy
ambnpXv. bpnhmZ hoW{]Im
cw a\pjy\Sap Fm PohPme
fpw Aamb ]cnWma{]{Inbbneq
sS cq]wsIm cmkkwbp am
{XamWv. a\pjy\v Bmhn Fv bp
nhmZnI iTnpp. ]ZmtYXc
amb Fsnepw Akv XnXzkhntij
XItfm PohnXeytam Cm Hcp
ssPhb{w am{XamWv bpnhmZnI
v a\pjy. a\pjyicocns km
[yXI, AhcpsS Imgv NmSn Hcp
b{ns km[yXI am{XamWv . A
tm BcmWv bpntcJ teJIs
hoWnse s]v? Ah t`mK
b{hpw {]khb{hpw inip]cn]m
e\b{hpw am{XamWv. Ippsf
Bhiyap ]pcpj hon sImp
hv m]nt Hcp b{w am{X
amWv s]v FpXs!
"s] b{'ns "]cnanXn
I' FsmsbmsWpw "b{]cn
]meI\mb' ]pcpj "{int' Im
cy FsmsbmsWpw teJ
I XpSv hnhcnppv . ""a\pjy
am{Xa Fm Pohhn`mKfnepw i
{Xpsf t\cnSp kmlNcyn kv
{Xoicocw \nlmbamWv. B kml
Ncyfnsemw AhfpsS kwcW
NpaXe ]pcpjhn`mKn {]IrXn \n
n]vXamnbncnpp FmWv A
\pam\ntXv.''(t]Pv 22). ("`Xr c
Xn but\' F a\phmIyw Hm
a hcppsn hmb\m an
pI. a\p Fmbncpmepw Iuamc
n ]nXmhnt\mSpw hm[Iyn
]p{Xt\mSpw aIsf/Asb kwcn
m ]dbppv. Cu cp k`
fnepw, X\nv km\sf \
ImXpsImv, bpnhmZn ]pcpj\v
kv {XokwcWw hrYmthebmsWv
tXmm\mWv km[yX. a\p F{X t`Z
ambncpp!) "b{'ns kwcWw
b{ns "DSa\mb' ]pcpj\m
sWmWv bpnhmZn ]dbpXv. ]
t AXn\v PohnhKsf HmsI
Iqp]nSnt Imcyapmbncpn.
tX\oIsfbpw DdppIsfbpw kw_
nv {]mYanI hnhcsanepw Dm
bncpsn Ccsamc_w At
lw ]dbpambncpn. Acw Pohn
IfpsS tImf\nIfn ]pcpj tIh
ew ssewKnI sXmgnemfnbmbn Xnpw
IpSnpw canpw Pohnptm s]
hKw XfpsS tImf\nbpsS kwc
Whpw Aw tXSepaSw Fm tPm
enbpw sNpp. CsXms FgpXn {]
"`Xr cXn but\' F a\phmIyw
Hma hcppsn hmb\m an
pI. a\p Fmbncpmepw Iuamcn
]nXmhnt\mSpw hm[Iyn ]p{Xt\m
Spw aIsf/Asb kwcnm ]dbp
pv. Cu cp k`fnepw, X\nv
km\sf \ImXpsImv, bpn
hmZn ]pcpj\v kv{XokwcWw hrYmth
e bm sW v tXm m \m Wv km [y X. a \p
F{X t`Zambncpp!
2013 sk]vw_ 11
knoIcnpXv imkv{Xw, bpn,
kzX{ Nn Fns\ hmNtIm
khw \Sp bpnhmZnIfmsW
Xv Gsd klXm]alnpp.
teJI XpScpp: ""Fm hn`m
Kfnepw icocLS\ Xs kv {Xopw
]pcpj\pw hyXykv XamWv. BIrXn
bn am{Xa hyXymkw. icocnse
tImiLS\bnepw cnse hnhn[
LSIfpsS Afhnepw hyXykvXX
ImWnpp. km[mcWKXnbn c
n DmtI Afhnepw kv{Xobn
epw ]pcpj\nepw {]tXyIw {]tXyI
amWv. kv{Xoicocw ]pXnb Hcp inip
hns\ krjvSnt kmlNcyw IW
nseSpmWv Cu hyXymkw {]Ir
Xn HcpnbncnpXv Fs A\p
am\ntXv?''(t]Pv 22). teJI ]
dbpXv t]mse s]ns klP{]
IrXnbpw ssPhnI[ahpamWv {]khw
Fn Ahsf {]khnm A\ph
ZnpIbpw klmbnpIbpw `mhm
b ]pcpjs DchmZnamsWv
kzm`mhnIambpw hcpw. Fm B D
chmZnw \nhlnm bpnhm
Zn `mamsc Innsv am{Xw!
tIcfn Ghpw IqSpX Imew \n
e\n bpnhmZn amknI bpnhn
Nmcns Cu hnjbnse Imgv N
mSv t\mq: ""hnhmlw ê{]ZamI
Wsan Xm {]khnt aXnbmIq
F Xocpam\tmsSsbp `mcy
v, Ipv Hcp A[nImsW bp
nhmZnbmb `mhns Xocpam\
tmSv tbmPnm\pw Ignbn.'' (bpn
hnNmcw amknI, 2010 Unkw_, t]Pv
16, 17). FmWndXn\Yw? {]
khnm\p Xo{hamb A`nemjhp
ambn Xs PohnXntev ISph
cp `mcysb ktmjnnm bYm
Y bpnhmZnbmsWn `mhn\v
Ignbn Fv. ImcWw, Ipv Hcp
A[nImsWv "a\nemph
cmWv' bpnhmZnIfmb ]pcpjam.
CXv kzm`mhnIamWv. kzmYXbpw kp
JPohnXhpamWv bpnhmZnbpsS "B
Zi.' Ipns\ hfpXp
t]mep XymKhpw sNehpw Bhiy
ap "hnUvVn'v bpnhmZn
sb Inn. AXpsImv, {]nbs s]
t, \ns {]IrXn]camb tNmZ\I
sf ASnnSnv \o `mhns bp
{]khnm\p Xo{hamb A`nemjhpam
bn Xs PohnXntev ISphcp `m
cy sb k tm jn n m b Ym Y bp n
hmZnbmsWn `mhn\v Ignbn. Imc
Ww, Ipv Hcp A[nImsWv "a\n
emphcmWv' bpnhmZnIfmb ]pcpj
am. CXv kzm`mhnIamWv. kzmYXbpw kp
J Po hn X hp am Wv bp n hm Zn bp sS "B Z
i.' Ipns\ hfpXpt]mep
XymKhpw sNehpw Bhiyap "hnUvVn
'v bpnhmZnsb Inn. AXpsIm
v, {]nbs s]t, \ns {]IrXn]cam
b tNmZ\Isf ASnnSnv \o `mhn
s bpnhmZtmSv klIcnWw! th
Z\I adm bpnhmZn _pnPohnI
fpsS "kv{Xo hntamN\' kmlnXy \ap
smcpanncpv hmbnmw!!
2013 sk]vw_ 12
cnmdpXv. cp hyXykv X ey
v thnbmWv s]icocn
s khntijXI NsSps
SmdpXv Fv Npcpw. CXn, B
Wn\pta DchmZn Npap
I XfpsS eyasv bpnhmZn
I hyamnbXv \mw Ip. ]ns
eyw BtImbv asb knmh
IcnemhpI am{Xta Xcapq. {]k
hnWsamWv s]ns B{Klw.
"Xs' s]v {]khntXnsm
Wv bpnhmZn ]pcpjs Xocpam\w.
s]Xm ]cyv apIfn B
Xocpam\fpsS agp hogpXns t]
cmIpp bpnhmZw! Ipv A[nI
mWv F BWns hnImcw bpn
hmZw GsSppp. s]ns iw
ASasSpp. Atm bpn
hmZns enwKw GXmsWv GsXm
cmpw a\nemIpw. ]mhw bpn
hmZnsp!
bpnhmZ kmaqlyhyhnXn
bn BWnsbpw s]nsbpw Ipn
IfpsSbpw m\w hyamp Nn
e DcWnIfneqsS A]w aptmv
t]mImw. bpnhmZn kaqln F
s\ PohnWw, Ahs kmaqly
{]Xn_X FmWv XpSnb Imcy
hniZoIcnp Hcp ]pkvXIam
Wv Gpam\q tKm]mes\gpXn "bpn
hmZ {]NcWthZn Xriq' {]knoI
cn bpnhmZnbpsS kmaqlyho
Ww. Ipv am{Xa, hnhmlhpw "A
[nImWv' FmWv {KImcs ho
Ww. XmcXtay\ "kuIcy{]Zamb'
hy`nNmcn "A`bw' tXSpIbmWv
bpnhmZn sNtsXpw Atlw
D]tZinpp. (hy`nNmcw ]pcpj\v am
{XamWv GXYn t\mnbmepw
"kuIcy{]Zw.' s]n\v hnhmlw am
{XamWv ssewKnI PohnXn XW
hncnpXv. ]t, BWns kuI
cyamWtm, bpnhmZns apK
W\I \nbnpXv!) Atlw
kwkmcns: ""bpnhmZnIsf kw_
nnStmfw, hyn]camb \nlm
bX DmIpXv kmaqly PohnXn
se ssZ\wZn\ A\p`hfn\nmWv .
PohnX bmYmyfpambn Gapp
tm ]ecpw ]cnoWnXcmbno
cpp. hnhmlsa {]iv \tmSSpp
tm bphmfmb bpnhmZnI
bpnhmZn kaqln Fs\ Pohn
Ww, Ahs kmaqly{]Xn_X FmWv
XpSnb Imcy hniZoIcnp Hcp
]pkv XIamWv Gpam\q tKm]mes\gpXn
"bpnhmZ {]NcWthZn Xriq' {]kno
Icn bpnhmZnbpsS kmaqlyhoWw.
Ipv am{Xa, hnhmlhpw "A[nImWv'
FmWv {KImcs hoWw. XmcXtay
\ "kuIcy{]Zamb' hy`nNmcn "A`bw'
tXSpIbmWv bpnhmZn sNtsXpw
Atlw D]tZinpp.
nhmZtmSv klIcnWw! thZ\
I adm bpnhmZn _pnPohn
IfpsS "kv {Xo hntamN\' kmlnXy
\apsmcpanncpv hmbnmw!!
s]ns Pohimkv {X]camb k
hntijXI cv coXnbn N sN
sSmdpv. K`[mcWw, {]khw, ap
ebq, inip]cn]me\w XpSnb k
tmjmhkcfn kv {XopmIp
ssPhnIamb {]bmkfn ]pcpj
Ahv Xmmbn \nWw Fv
]dbm thnbmWv apkvenw ]n
Xm Acw hniZmwifntev
{][m\ambpw t]mImdpXv. {]kh
hpw A\p_ imcocnI h\
fpsamw "\nehmcanm' G]mSp
IfmWv Fpw Ah \nhlnm {]
IrXn]cambn _m[yamb kv{Xoi
coc ]pcpjs\ At]nv Hcp
]Sn XmsgbmWpw hmZnp ]pcp
jm[n]Xy _pnPohnIfmWv thsdm
cp coXnbn Ahsbpdnv kwkm
2013 sk]vw_ 13
asfbpw `mcytbbpw kvt\lntn h
cpw F "{]iv\'samgnhmm B kmaq
ly kwhn[m\w Xs Dt]npI, \ntj
[npI FXmWv bpnhmZnIfpsS Xocp
am\w. s]hntcm[ns Bcq]fm
Wv bpnhmZn {]hI F bmYm
YyamWv Cu hcnInSbnsemw Fgpt
p\npXv. s]ns\ kvt\lnm B
Ziw XIcpsav `bsSp kzmYw`cnI
fmb ]pcpjamcpsS IqmbvaIfmWv bpn
hmZn kwL F hkvXpXsb \ntj
[nm Bsnepw Ignbptam?
\p`hsSp \nlmbX CXn\pZml
cWamWv.''(t]Pv 8). (bphmfmb bp
nhmZnI F {]tbmKw {]tXyIw
]cnKW\obamWv . bphXnIfmb bpn
hmZnI {KImcs hnjba. Im
cWw bpnhmZnI ]pcpjs Imcy
ta ]cnKWntXpq!) XpSt
lw CXn\p ]cnlmchpw \ntZin
ppv. ""Acsamcp {]Xnkn
bn Fp sNm Ignbpw? AXnPo
h\w XsbmWv {][m\w. \mis
m FpsImpw \XXmWv.''(t]
Pv 8). Fs\ AXnPohnpw Fp
IqSn hniZoIcnppv XpSt]PpI
fn: ""Nne hynI NneXp hPn
XpsImpw {]iv\fn \nsmgn
p amdnbXpsImpw kaqlw c
sSpIbn. Hgnpamd AYhm \n
tj[w (denial or evasion) XymKambn sX
cnsnpv. aqeytimjWw XS
bm\pw kZv hrnbpw kZmNmchpw h
fm\pw AXmhiyamsWv hmZnp
hcpv. Cu hmZapbnph bp
nhmZnIfmsWn t]mepw aX]c
amWv AhcpsS hoWw.'' (t]Pv 13
14).
hnhmltmSp hntcm[w aqew
"Bhiy]qoIcW'tmSv ]pdw Xn
cnp\ntXn bpnhmZn ]p
cpj FmWv {KImhv ]d
psImphcpXv . aXhnizmknIsf
tmse hy`nNmcw "]mSn' Fsmpw
bpnhmZn "sXp[cncpXv' FmWv
D]tZiw. AYhm GsXnepw bpn
hmZn hy`nNmcn \npw apw amdn
\nppshn Ah\n aXn
s kzm[o\w _mn\nppshv
{KImc Ddnp]dbpp. Atlw
Xs IqSpX hyams: ""hne
pI GXp XcnepXmbmepw a
\pjys\ A]IjsSppItbm \n
hocysSppItbm (Demoralise) sN
pw. aX Gs]Spnbnp hn
epI ]ecpw A\pkcnmdn. A
Xpt]mse bpnhmZnIfpw hnepI
Gs]SppIbpw P\w AX\pkcnm
Xncnp Hcp ]cnnXn krjvSnp
Ibpw sNt Bhiyan. hnep
I ASnt]np A]IjX A
hbpsS ewL\neqsS am{Xta Cm
XmIpIbpq.''(t]Pv 15). XpSv hne
pIsXnsc thhemXnsSpp.
""hnepI thWsav bpnhmZn
I \n_w ]nSnm `mhnbn A
Xns\Xnsc bpnhmZnI Xs hn
hw \Stn hcpw. As\ kw`
hnppshn bpnhmZhpw bpn
hm Zn I fpw a s s n ep am bn o
cpw.''(t]Pv 16). XpSpatlw Cm
cyw Xs hyampp. ""hnep
I Gs]Spm\p {]hWX Im
WnpXv, bpnhmZnI aXkzm[o
\n\np ]qWambpw apcmbn
nsv am{XamWv. bpnhmZnv \n
jnambnsmpw Xsbn.'' (t]Pv 18,
19).
hnepIsXnsc C{Xbpw i
ambn XqenIbpn, hy`nNmcap]
sSbp GXpXcw {]h\pw
bpnhmZnv hnepIfn, kzmX{y
apv Fv IWniambn hniZoIcnp
pv {Kn: ""koWamb km
aqly{]iv \tfmSv ê{]Zambn {]Xn
Icnm Ignbm bpnhmZnI,
hn e Ip d hn e p I G s] Sp
m {ianpXv hnNn{XamWv. aZy
]ncpXv, tamjvSncpXv, hy`nNcn
cpXv XpSnb AcpXpI aX]camb
hnepIfmWv.... aX]camb Acw
hnepI aXm\pbmbnIsf Dtinn
pmnbnphbmWv . AcpXpIfpsS
AXncpewLnphv kzKcmPyw
2013 sk]vw_ 14
\jvSsSpsav am{Xa, \ in
bpw e`npw. acWm\c PohnXw kp
JIcambncnm Ccw Nne "{hX
' A\pjv TnWsamWv aX
]TnnpXv. ùXnIPohnXw am{Xta
bpqshv IcpXp bpnhmZnIfpw
AsXms A\pkcnWsav ]d
m As\ sNm ]epw I
gnsphcn.''(t]Pv 1415) Nn{Xw G
sdpsd hyambnmWpw Fv I
cpXs. tamjWw, sIm, NqjWw Xp
Sn Fv XnpIfpw \SpXn\v
bpnhmZnv _pnappIsfmpan.
CXmWv bpnhmZnbpsS kmaqlyho
Ww. kzw Imcyw \SpI am{X
ambncnpw AbmfpsS eyw. A
csamcp ]pcpjs IqsSbp kv{Xo
PohnXw Fpam{Xw Zplambncnp
sav {]tXyIw ]dtbXntm. `m
cysbbpw asfbpw t]mpI F "{]
bmk'n \nv "csSm\mbn' A
bm hy`nNmcnbmbn amdpXn F
ppXw? As\ amdpIbmWv bp
nhmZns "]qWX' FmWv {K
Imc ]aebmfn ChnsS k
aYnpXv. hnhmlns\Xncnep
hmZ Atlw XpScpXn{]Imcam
Wv : ""aXns {]IS\]cXsb FXn
pXv sImv aX]camb BNmc
tfmSv \ntj[mIX ImWnWsav
s]mXpsh AwKoIcnncnpp. hnhm
lw DZmlcWamsbSpmhpXmWv.
""hnhmlw'' GXphn[nepXmbmepw
aX]camWv. aX]camb kmaqlykZm
Nmcw hfphtmgmWv kv{Xo]p
cpj _n\v Hcp]m[n F \ne
bn hnhml k{Zmbw BhnjvIcn
sXv. BZnIme kaqlfn "hn
hml'anmbncpp.''(t]Pv 30).
bpnhmZn kmaqly{]iv \
Fs\ t\cnSWsav 2010 Unkw_
ew bpnhnNmcw amknIbpw ]Tn
nppv. "bpnhmZn kmaqly {]
iv \fpsS \Sphn' FmWv tUm.
emk tXaTw FgpXnb teJ\n
s Xesv. sXmgn taJebnse {]
iv\fmWv BZy`mKv N sNp
Xv. AXnhnsS {]ka. Fnepw
Hcp sNdnb DcWn D]ImcsSpw. ""B
lmchpw hnZym`ymkhpw Xcph a
XhnizmknIfmbntmbm Ahsc A
\pkcnmXncnpI {]bmkamWv . tPm
ensbSpp m]\fpw aXhnizm
kne[njv TnXambm Ahscbpw ]n
WpXv {]bmkapmpXmWv.
AXpsImv ]ecntebpw bpnhmZw
kmaqly {]Xn_Xbns]v achn
ambncnpp.''(t]Pv 14). Cu achnv
amn kaqln s\pdtmsSbpw
IcfpdtmsSbpw \sn \nhp
\nm bpnhmZnIsf DuPkz
ecmpI F eyn FgpXnb
]mTns Ahkm\ `mKw kmaqly
PohnXn hnhmlw, IpSpw_w, k
m\ XpSnb "{]iv\sf' bp
]pcpj{]IrXnbpsS kzm`mhnIX F \n
ev kv{Xov kmcamb ]cptmXncn
m\p IcpXtemsS BWp \Sp
]cnWmaP\yamb P\nXIZm\amIpp
_emwKw! AXn\v ]pcpjs\ Ipw ]d
nv Imcyan, ImcWw ]cnWmaw A
s\bmWv Ahs icocs kwhn[m\nn
cnpXv!AXmIs, Ahs AXnPoh\
n\v A\nhmcyhpamIpp! AXnat\ml
cambncnpp, tIcfob bpnhmZn
s kv{XohntamN\`mh\I!! bpnhmZ
ta \ns t]tcm....
2013 sk]vw_ 15
nhmZn Fs\ t\cnSWsav ]Tn
npp: ""Cs kmaqly hyh
nXnbn bpnhmZnv Xs bp
nhmZw PohnXmhkm\w hsc \ne
\nnsmpt]mIWsa Xm]
cyapsn AhnhmlnX\mbn Ign
bpIbmWv Ghpw Daamb amKw.''
(t]Pv 16). ChnsS bpnhmZn FXn
BWpw s]pw Ds]Spsav sXp
[cncpXv. ASp hcn AXv hy
amppv . ""kzw `mcytbm Ipntbm
Dsn AhtcmSv Hcp {]tXyI Xm
]cyw DmbntmIpXv klPam
Wv.''(t]Pv 16). kzw CWtbmSpw a
tfmSpw kvt\lw tXmpI GsXmcp a
\pjysbpw klPkz`mhamWv. B
klPhmk\ a\pjycn am{Xa G
sXmcp Pohnbnepw {kjvSmhv \Inb
A\p{KlamWv . {kjv Smhv Ahs kr
jv SnItfmSv ImWnp ImcpWyns
\qdnsemcwiw _mn Fm PohPme
fnepw IqSn knthinnXns ^
eamWXv. Fm bpnhmZn a\pjy
{]IrXnpw klPtNmZ\pw FXn
cmWtm? asfbpw `mcytbbpw kv
t\lntn hcpw F "{]iv \'sam
gnhmm B kmaqly kwhn[m\w
Xs Dt]npI, \ntj[npI F
XmWv bpnhmZnIfpsS Xocpam\w.
s]hntcm[ns Bcq]fmWv
bpnhmZn {]hI F bmYm
YyamWv Cu hcnInSbnsemw F
gptp\npXv. AhcpsS Ah
t_m[n bpnhmZn Fv ]dbp
tm ]pcpjs Nn{Xw am{XamWv I
SphcpXv . "bpnhmZn' kmaqlykw
hn[m\n s]ns m\w h
qPyamWv Fs{X CsXmw hy
ampXv. s]ns\ kvt\lnm
BZiw XIcpsav `bsSp kzm
Yw`cnIfmb ]pcpjamcpsS Iqmbva
IfmWv bpnhmZn kwL F
hkv XpXsb \ntj[nm Bsn
epw Ignbptam?
hnhmlw kv t\lnsbpw I
cpWbpsSbpw \qengIfm BhcWw
sNs kv {Xo]pcpj ]mckv ]cyam
Wv. hy`nNmcamIs, ]pcpjtI{oIr
Xamb Hcp Imatqv am{XamWv.
bpnhmZnIv s]ns\ DsIm
mt\m kvt\lnmt\m Ignbn. ar
Kkam\cmbn ]pcpjImaw kêamp
Xns\pdnv am{XamWv Ah Nn
npXv. s]psImsX Imashdn
]qoIcnm\p bpnhmZn \n
tZi \tS ]d teJ\n X
s C\nbpsamSpw ImWmw.""kv{Xo
pw ]pcpj\pw IpSpw_sa sIp
]mSnm kzX{ PohnXw BImsa
p Hcp \nbaw bpnhmZnIfpsS
imcocnImhiyv Cs{Xbpw A
Xymhiyambncnpp.'' (t]Pv 17). C
hcpsS Ima]qoIcWn\v km[y
amb coXnbn GXp s]ns\bpw F
tmgpw FhnsS hpw Xs Cjv Sm\p
kcWw D]tbmKnsdnbm \nbakw
cWw thWsa \ntZiw t`jm
bncnpp! AXneqsSbpmIp s]
ns {]iv\fpw _m[yXIfpw B
tcsSppw? Cs\sbmcp \nbaw h
mep òIcmh HmtemNnp
t\mq! Ccw Hcp \nbahyh
CtX teJ\n Xs tamjWhpw
sIme]mXIhpw ]cnWma]cambn \ym
boIcnppv. Cu amknIbpsS ]{Xm
[n] ""ssZhw C, AXpsImv thh
emXnI Ahkm\nnv \nfpsS Po
hnXw \n ]camh[n BkzZnpI''
F ap{ZmhmIyw s\smnp \S
pXns clkyw CtmgmWv a\n
embXv. ssZhw Csv kzbw kam[m
\nnpthWw, bpnhmZnIv ]cnWm
aknmns IpSognencpv a\
m n p n m sX sX m Sn
apgph sNm.
2013 sk]vw_ 16
\nehn hcn Fv {]Xonmw.
Fm bpnhmZnv AXn\pw ]cn
lmcapv. AXpIqsS ]TnpI: ""A
sn sshZyimkv {Xw AwKoIcnp
coXnbn ssewKnI _nte
s]v \nban\p ]nSnsImSpmsX kz
X { \m bn I gn bp I bm Wv A `n Im
ayw.''(t]Pv 17). ]Xns\v hbp XnI
kv{Xopw ]pcpj\pw D`bk
XtmsS ssewKnI _ntes]
SpXn\v CUybn \nba]cambn X
SansXmWv hkv XpX. Atm ]n
s tUmIv S \ntZin \nban\v
]nSnsImSpmsX cs]tS ssew
KnI _taXmWv!? kv{Xo]oU\
fpw _emwKfpw XpSn Fm c
XnsshIrXfpamtWm?
_emwKw F ]pcpj{IqcX
imkv {Xobambn m]nppv asm
cp bpnhmZn amknI. amknIbnse
teJ\ns BapJ`mKv \nv te
J \ n s e yw hy am Ip p.
""Cu teJ\ns Dtiyw, _emw
Kns ImcWsf imkv {Xobambn
hniIe\w sNpIbpw AXn\p km
[yamb ]cnlmcamK \ntZinp
IbpamWv.''(bpnbpKw amknI, 2013
G{]n, t]Pv 48). Cu imkv{Xob hn
iIe\ns am\Zw kwn]vX
ambn ]dbpp: ""_emwKn\v ]
cnWma]camb ImcW DmIp
tam?''(t]Pv 48). teJI hniZoIcnp
p: ""`qanimkv{X]cambpw apw ]ckv
]cw _anm a\pjykaql
fnepw ap Pohnh Kfnepw Htc s]
cpamcoXn ImWsSppsn A
Xn\p ]nn iamb Hcp ]cnWma
{]Xn`mkw {]hnnpv Fv A
\pam\nmsX Xcan... PohtemIs
Hcp {]Xn`mkhpw ]cnWmans sh
fnn ]cntim[nmemsX hy
amhpIbn.'' (t]Pv 49). ]cnWma kn
mnep teJIs Bhnizm
kw sXfnbnp hmpIfmWnXv. _
emwKns kmaqlyamb ImcW
Xncbp kmaqly imkv{X
cpsSbpw Bt{mt]mfPnkv pIfpsSbpw
hmZsf JnpsImv teJI ]
dbpp: ""_emwKw sNp `qcn`m
Kw ]pcpjampw Hcp nc ssew
KnI ]mfnbpv . AXn\m _emw
Kn\v ]nn ssewKnI XrjvWb
DXv.''(t]Pv 50). ]ns FmWv
_ em w K n \p ]n n se b Ym Y
tNmZ\? Atlw hniZoIcnpp: ""Np
cpnb kabn ]camh[n ]mfn
Ifntev Xs P\nXI ]Zmw F
ntcppv Fv DdphcppI
hgn ASp Xeapdbntev Xs P
\nXI ]Zmns tImnI hn
PbIcambn FnpI FXmWv ]p
cpjs ]cnWma eyw. AXn\m
Hmtcm kv{Xobpw ]pcpj\v Hcp ]pXnb
km[yXbmWv.''(t]Pv 50). _emwK
ns "em`\' IWpIqpI
bpw "kuIcy{]Zamb' Ime\nWbw
Bbnj hcpam\n\v Hcp Inpcpv \m
SIn Ip. AbaphmIs, Bbnjsb
D]tbmKnv \mSIns hnPbkm[yX h
[npXpw kz]v\w Ip. CXn kv{Xo]
p\np t_m[]qhamb Fsn
epw \thmm\/]cnjvIcW ]Xn DS
nbncppshv Bsnepw ]dbm\m
Iptam? Bbnjsb \mSIhSn\v F
s\sbmw D]tbmKsSpn Fpw sIm
ntLmjns CSXp] \mSI{]m
\w Gd\mn Fs\bmWv Hcp s]i
cocs hn]Wt\m]m[nbmbn ]cnhn
nXv Fpw tIcfnse sân\nv {]
m\w hniZambn ]cntim[ntXpv.
2013 sk]vw_ 17
\SpIbpw sNppv teJ\n.
""kam[m\Imev _emwKw Hcp
KuchXcamb Ipambn IWmn in
nsSpw FXv XobmWv. F
m bpImev As\ \Sm
\p km[yX Xptemw hncfhpw. em`
\ IWpIqn t\mnbm Ip
d dnkvIn IqSpX P\nXI tIm
nI Dmm\p kphWmhkc
amWv bpImew! AXn\m {]tbmP
\Icamsbmcp A\pIqe\ambn amdpp
bpIme _emwKw.''(t]Pv 51). _
emwK kabv thmc Cctbm
Sv Fs\ s]cpamdpp FpIqSn hy
ampp: ""]cnWma]cambn t\mn
bm Ccv ]cn[nbn A[nIw X
ta]npXv Xs P\nXI ]Zm
ns AXnPoh\ns\ tZmjIcam
bn _m[npw FXn\m ]pcpj
AXn\p apXncpIbn.''(t]Pv 51). F
s\bpv? ]pcpj{]IrXnbpsS kzm`m
hnIX F \nev kv{Xov kmcam
b ]cptmXncnm\p IcpX
temsS BWp \Sp ]cnWm
aP\yamb P\nXIZm\amIpp _em
wKw! AXn\v ]pcpjs\ Ipw ]d
nv Imcyan, ImcWw ]cnWmaw A
s\bmWv Ahs icocs kwhn
[m\nncnpXv!AXmIs, Ahs
AXnPoh\n\v A\nhmcyhpamIpp!
AXnat\mlcambncnpp, tIcfob
bpnhmZns kv{XohntamN\`mh
\I!! bpnhmZta \ns t]tcm....
XpSv _emwKn\\pIqe
amb ]cnWma hyXnbm\ At\z
jnpp teJI. ""_emwKn
\v ]cnWma]camb thcpIfpsn,
]pcpjs\ AXn\p klmbnp im
cocnI am\knI A\pIqe\sf I
stXmbnpv... DZmlcWn
\v, ]pcpjs Db imcocnIin
bpw henhpw ssewKnI \n[mcW
ns êamWv Fv \mw ]dp.
_emwKw km[yamm am{Xambn
Dcpncn Htc imcocnI/am\knI
k hn ti j X bm Wv \mw tX Sp
Xv...B tX CubpsS ssewKnIm
hhbns Ccphipw Iq ap
pIfpv . hgm s] tX Cu
sb B tX Cu Cu app
I D]tbmKnv _\n \np
Ibpw notal organ D]tbmKnv _eam
bn ssewKnI _n Gs]SpI
bpw sNpp. Cu Hcmhiyn\m
sX B tX Cubv v Cu Ah
bhw sImv Hcp D]tbmKhpw C Xm
\pw. tX CubpsS appIfpw a\p
jys am\knIamb A\pIqe\fpw,
Ah Ism km[npIbmsW
n, kam\amsWv IcptXn h
cpw.''(t]Pv 54, 55). ]cnWmaw ]pcpj\v
"km\n', _emwKw \Sm\mh
iyamb, am\knI A\pIqe\ te
JI\mb bpnhmZn ]pcpjs ho
Wn ChbmWv:
1.""CcIfpsS \nlmbX IWm
m\pw B Ahkcw ssewKnIambn
apXseSpm\pap am\knI A\Iq
e\w. shields and shields ]T\{]Imcw
{]Xyp]mZ\ km[yX A]IS km[y
Xsb IhpshptmgmWv _emw
Kw ]cnWma]cambn emÌcamIpXv.
AXn\m A]IS km[yXsb IW
mm\p Hcp am\knI kwhn[m
\w ]pcpj\v BhiyamWv.'' (t]Pv 55)
2.""kv{XoIfpambn ssewKnI _
n Gs]Sm Ahkcw knnn
nm ]pcpjamv _emwKn
eqsS AXv t\SnsbSpm\p am\kn
\o 18 hjw Hscm Nnnmiv Iqen \
ImsX Hcp s]ns\ ]np \mkv XnI ]pcp
jam! AXpw Ahsf NqjWw sNm\m
cw`nXv 16mw hbn! C{Xbpw henb a\p
jymhImiewL\hpw _me, kv{Xo NqjW
hpw sNbvXv ]oUnntXm, sXmgnemfnIfp
sS t]cn HpIqSnb apXemfnamcpw! CXm
Wv Ch krn "hntamN\hnh'ns
bYmY Nn{Xw. Ctm t]mepw, XfpsS
Ncn{Xn\v Aemcambnsmp\Sm
Hcp t]cv FXn Ihn h BZchpw
IyqWnv ùXnIhmZnI B ]mhw kv
{Xov \Ipptm? XfpsS t{]m{Kmap
Iv Bsfqm\ Hcp ]ckyhmNIw
FXn Ihn Fp hnebmWv tIcf
nse Ctmgs bpnhmZnI Bbnj
v \IpXv?
2013 sk]vw_ 18
I A\pIqe\w.'' (t]Pv 55)
3. ""ssewKnImIjIXzap kv {Xo
Isf _emwKn\mbn sXcs
Spm\p am\knI A\pIqe\w.''
(t]Pv 56)
4. ""D`b kXtmSpIqSnbp
ssewKnI _tm Db A
fhn _emwKw hgnbp _
n _oP kvJenm\pw AXp
hgn K`[mcWn\p km[yX ]
camh[nbmm\pap am\knI/ap X
cnep ssPhnI A\pIqe\w.'' (
t]Pv 56)
C{Xbpw DcWnIfneqsS ]cnWm
ahmZ{]Imcw _emwKw tIhew a
\pjyhK \ne\n]n\pw ]mccyw
kwcnpXn\pw Po hym]\n
\pw `mcy `Xr D`bIn kX{]
Imcap ssewKnI _sm
AXymhiyhpw A`nImayhpamsWv C
h {]kvXmhnpp!
_emwKw CmXmm\p am
K\ntZihpw ]cnlmchpw IqSnbpv
teJ\n. AXns\ hmbnmw:
""GXv kv {Xo]pcpjampw Ftmgpw
ssewKnI _n Gs]Smambn
cpsn _emwKw DmIpambn
cpn.''(t]Pv 57). t]mtc ]qcw? F{X
hyamWv Imcy. GXv s]pw
Ftmgpw Xs ssewKnI CwKnX
v hgp Hcp "\ \msf'bmWv bp
nhmZn ]pcpjm kz]v \w ImWp
Xv. "ktml\amb' B kmaqlyhy
hnXn \nehn hcmtStmfw
Imew Ah _emwKv apXn
cpw. AXns\Xnsc {]Xntj[nm h
cphsc ]cnWmaknmw F Hm
emp]tbmKnv hncm\mWv Xocpam
\w. tIcfob kv {Xokaqlw \psS \m
Sv I Ghpw henb kv{Xohncpcm
Wv Chscv Xncndntb Imew A
Xn{Ianncnpp. CtX teJ\n
Xs tamjWhpw sIme]mXIhpw ]
cnWma]cambn \ymboIcnppv.
""sIme]mXIhpw NXnbpw tamjWhp
samw \ne\n]ns\ klmbnp
]cnWma \ymboIcWfp kz`mh
fmWv. Ahv imkv {Xob hniZoIc
Ww \Im\mhpw.''(t]Pv 48). kmaqly
t{ZmlnIsf hfm am{XapXIp
Ccw teJ\ {]knoIcnv B
kmbqPyaSbp Cu amknIbpsS
]{Xm[n] ""ssZhw C, AXpsImv
thhemXnI Ahkm\nnv \nfp
sS PohnXw \n ]camh[n Bkz
ZnpI'' F ap{ZmhmIyw s\sm
np \SpXns clkyw Ctmgm
Wv a\nembXv. ssZhw Csv kz
bw kam[m\nnpthWw, bpnhmZn
Iv ]cnWmaknmns IpS
ognencpv a\mnpnmsX
Cu sXmSn apgph sNm.
\mkv XnI bpnhmZw AXns
òIchpw \oNhpamb kv{XohncpX a
dpshm\pw kv{XohntamN\]camb
Hcp ]mXen kzbw {]XnjvTn
m\pw tIcfn {ianmdpXv Nn
e ss]nfnYIfneqsSbmWv. aX]
camb "hnepIfn' \nv "tamNnn
v' aebmfnspsf "s]mXpCS'
fntev hgn\SnbXv XfmsW
bpnhmZnIfpsS hymP AhImihm
Zw PohnpXv Acw IYIfnem
Wv. \neq Bbnjsbtmep Nn
tIcfob \mkvXnI bpnhmZw kv{XoIsf
"GXv \nepw' D]tbmKsSpm\pw Nq
jWw sNm\pw Xcw Innbm Ahcneq
sS ]camh[n t\w sImm\pw {ianpp.
Fm XfpsS kmaqlykwhn[m\n
{]mYanImwKXzw t]mbnv Hc\p`mhnbmbn \n
e\nm t]mepw AhImihpw A\phm
Zhpw s]n\v AXv hIshv \Ipn.
hmNIkpIsImv am{Xw Fme
hpw kv {XohncpX adp]nSnmsav bp
nhmZnI hymtamlncpXv . ]pcpjm[n
]Xyns Hfnncnp {ZwI sXm
pImWnm tijnbp Hcp kv{Xo kaq
lw ChnsS hfphcppv!
2013 sk]vw_ 19
bnjbpsS t]cv C. sI. AbaphmWv
\n tZ in Xv . '' (http://www.des
habhimani.com/specialnews.php?id=531).
C. Fw. Fkv. \ntZinXmbmepw C.
sI. Abap Xocpam\nXmbmepw \mS
I{]m\ns ]ptcmKXn eyw
shp Hcp NphSpshmbncpp, A
msX kv{XoIsf klmbnm\p H
cp \S]Snbmbncpn BbnjbpsS cw
K{]thin IeminXv Fv hy
amWv.
Bbnj FpsImv Cu cwK
tv ISphp FXpw {]k
amWv. AXv a\nemm Bbnjbp
sS sNdpImetv t]mhWw. tZ
im`nam\n Npcpnb hmpIfn A
Xv ]dbpp. ""1937 sk]v w_ 18\v ap
tSv AlZv IpnbpsSbpw Fc
n IpmpbpsSbpw aIfm
bn P\\w. kmnI Npp]mSp
IpSpw_w. \neq tImhneIp\n
v I]npInnb app m\w.
_mv XSn IhShpw Irjnbpw. ]
cnNmcIcpw sXmgnemfnIfpsams Np
pw. Zm\ioehpw BVw_chpw Xdhm
Sns ASndbnfn. kzv Hmtcm
mbn hnv IpSpw_s Zmcn{Zyns
Ccp hngpnpSsh _mbpsS
acWw. Dv am\knI \ne sXn.
kzsmw hnv NnIn. ]nWn am
m Ah \neqcnse s\v Ipv
ann ]Wnv t]mbn. Dv A]I
Sw kw`hntXmsS IpSpw_ns `m
cw B bn j bp sS Np a en.'' (http://
www.deshabhimani.com/specialnews.
php?id=531). bpncmPyns hmp
Ifn: ""BbnjbpsS _m henb ac
hSmc\mbncpp. tImhneIw Im
SpIfn \npw apdnp tXpw a
pw kztZipw hntZipambn \S
p IhSw, tXbnesmSnbpsS I
hSw XpSnb ]e _nkn\kpI
BbnjbpsS _mpmbncpp. B
bnjbpsS DbpsS ]cnNcWn\m
bn \mev kv{XoI Dmbncpp. ASp
fbn aqpt]cpw Ipgv tXbv nm
\pw Xmfn Dcbv m\pw apambn Hcm
fpw. IpSpw_n ncambn cv X
mam ]WnsbSpncpp, homhiy
n\p kzm`cW DbpsS
CjvSn\\pkcnpw ]pXnb ^mj
A\pkcnpw ]WnbpXn\mbn...Bbn
e apkvenw kv{XoIfpsS "hntamN\m\p
`h' Xs DZmlcWw. bYmY
n, Ncn{Xs hkvXp\njvTambn
kao]npsImp ]p\hmb\I
Acw AhImihmZfpsS ap\sbm
Snpw FXmWv hmkv Xhw. \neq
BbnjsbpdnmWv, 2012 HmKv e
w bpncmPyw amknIbpsS Ih
tmdn. Xesv "aXw thbmSnb ae
bmf \SnbpsS ZmcpWamb IY' Fm
Wv. teJI amknIbpsS ]{Xm[n]
cpw `mcXob bpnhmZn kwLw kw
m\ sk{Idnbpamb {io\n ]m
\w. BbnjbpsS "IY' kn. ]n. Fw 20
mw ]mn tIm{Kknt\mS\p_nv
tZim`nam\nbpw 2012 P\phcn 30\v {]
knoIcnnpv. Bbni \mSIm`n\
b cwKtv hcm\pmb kmlNcyw
bpncmPyw dntmv sNpp: ""A
v kv{XoIsf \mSIn A`n\bn
m Inmdn. Bcpw s]IpnIsf
A`n\bnm hnSn. Cu kmlNcy
ns\Xncmbn Hcp Xocpam\w FSpm
Abaphns\ (A]XpIfn Gd\mn
se {]ikvX IyqWnv \mSI{]h
I\pw \neq bphP\IemkanXn
kwLmSI\pambncp C. sI. Abap
hns\bmWv DtinpXv teJI)
Hcp kw`hw t{]cnnp. Hcp euko
A`n\bnpsImncnptm ImapIn
bpsS Xebn\npw Xw Agnp
hoWp. ImapInbmbn A`n\bnp sN
dpmcs t{Imv sNbv X XeapSn B
fpI ImWpIbpw IqIm XpSpI
bpw sNbv Xp. Cu kw`hw Abaphn\v
hm Hcp {]iv\ambn tXmn. C\n
kv{XoIfnmsX \mSIw IfnpX
Fv Abap Xocpam\np. kv {Xosb tX
Snbp At\zjWn BbnjbpsS
tPyjvTt\mSv tNmZnp, \apv Fp
sImv Chsf \mSIns\SppIqSm?
tPyjvT kXnp, ]noSv Bbnj
bpw.''(t]Pv 7). Xs \mSI I\nbp
sS \ne\n]n\v Hcp s] A`nt\
Xm hv A Xym h iy am sW t_m [y
n\npw Abap FSp Xocpam
\ambncpp Bbnjsb \mSI\Sn
bpsS ]ndhnp]nn FYw. B
bnj Cmbncppshn Hcp ]s
AbmfpsS \mSI IhSw \ntn
hcpambncpp. tZim`nam\n ]dbpXv
C{]ImcamWv: ""Gd\mn \mSI {]
m\w thcpdnp Imew. C. sI.
Abap, \neq _me, am\p apl
Zv, tUm. Dkv am, sI. Pn. Do,
Ipnp Xpcm XpSnbhcm
bncpp BZy \mSI{]m\n\v Xp
Sw IpdnXv. \neq bphP\ I
emkanXnbmbncpp tI{w. BZy \m
SIw "v \smcp a\v \mIm t\m
v' thZnI IogSn. \mSIw I
C. Fw. Fkpw Hfabpw kv{Xoth
jw kv{XoI Xs AhXcnnW
sav A`n{]mbsp. Paoebmhm B
2013 sk]vw_ 20
jbpsS _m A\pZn\w IhSn
XIcm XpSn. Fs\ XIcm Xp
Sn Fv Ipnbmb Bbnjv a\
nembnn. B\bpw Amcnbpambn
\S \mp{]amWn BdSn apt]mepw
kzambn Cm Ahbntev
\new]Xnp. Fmw XItXmsS B
bnjbpsS _m AkpJ_m[nX\mbn
Ayizmkw henp.''(t]Pv 5).
Cu ZpcnXbnemWv Bbnj
sb s]Ipn hfphcpXv. ]
nWnbpw ]cnhhpw kmaqlym[]X\
hpw Fmw \nd IpSpw_ kmaqly
Npp]mSn PohnXw apn henb
tNmZy Nnambn \np Hcp s]
IpnbpsS am\knImh Nnnm
t]mepamhn. Acsamchbnem
Wv Bbnjsb \mSI,kn\nam Im
c\mbn sXmgnsempanmsX \Sncp
aq ktlmZcs\ kzm[o\nv C.
sI. Abapsh IyqWnv ]pcpj
A`n\bcwKtv WnpXv . B
Ww \ncmIcnm Ignbm{X Z
b\obambncpp AhcpsS IpSpw_n
se ]nWn. Bbnj hcpam\n\v H
cp Inpcpv \mSIn Ip. A
baphmIs, Bbnjsb D]tbmKnv \m
SIns hnPbkm[yX h[np
Xpw kz]v\w Ip. CXn kv{Xo]
p\np t_m[]qhamb Fs
nepw \thmm\/]cnjv IcW ]
Xn DSnbncppshv Bsn
epw ]dbm\mIptam? Bbnjsb \mS
IhSn\v Fs\sbmw D]tbm
KsSpn Fpw sImntLmjns
CSXp] \mSI{]m\w Gd\m
n Fs\bmWv Hcp s]icoc
s hn]Wt\m]m[nbmbn ]cnhn
nXv Fpw tIcfnse sân\n
v {]m\w hniZambn ]cntim[nt
Xpv. ""]Xn\p Znhks dntl
gvken\ptijw ^tdmn \mSIw I
fnm Xocpam\np. \mSI ]cky
fn "BZyambn Hcp apkvenw kv{Xo'
A`n\bnpXmbp hnhcw {]kn
sSpnbncpp.''(bpncmPyw, t]
Pv 8). hniZoIcWw XpScpp: ""^tdm
nepw ]ntv tImepw \mSIw I
fnpIgntm \mSIn\pw Bbn
jpw \ {]iwk In n. ap kv enw
kv {Xo B Zy am bn \m S I n A`n
\bnpp FXv henb hmbm
bn. \mSIns t\moknepw t]m
dnepw CXv FSpv ]dncpp. Hcn
Hcp t\moknse hm N Iw C
s\ bm bn cp p: "G d \m Sn s hncnam
dn hncn A\m{LmX ]pjv ]w a
ebmf \mSI thZnbntev Bbnj'
Fmbncpp. \mSI e fn se
p tm A \u kv sa v tI
mw "CXm \neqcn\npw Hcp ap
kvenw s]Ipn \mSIw Ifnm F
ngnncnpp......' "CXm F
ngnp, tIcfm \qPlm' F
sms.'' (t]Pv 8)
Cs\sbmsbmsWnepw B
bnjvv \smcp PohnXamKambpw
sXmgnembpw Cu A`n\b PohnXw D
]Imcsncpsn A{Xsbnepam
btm FXn Bizknmambncp
p. bYmn FmWv kw`hn
Xv? tZim`nam\n ]dbs: ""\mSIn
s t]cn IpSpw__ Ap.
Fm Gd\mnse IyqWnv ]m
n {]hI ]npWbpamsbn.
Ipmenbpw sI. ZmtamZc\pw Ago
tm S \pw D ] sS bp t\ Xm
ss[cyw \In. B Icpn Bbn
j A`n\bns ]pXnb BImi
fntev ]dp. 1953 apX 71 hsc
Imiv hmmsXbmbncpp A`n\bw.
Xo\en A`n\bnXn\v sI. Sn. ap
lZv \Inb 30 cq] BZy {]Xn^
ew.'' (http://www.deshabhimani.com/
specialnews.php?id=531). Fsnepw
hniZoIcW Bhiyapsv tXm
pn. "Xo\' CdnbXv 1976em
sWmWv a\nemIpXv. \o 18
hjw Hscm Nnnmiv Iqen \
ImsX Hcp s]ns\ ]np \mkv Xn
I ]pcpjam! AXpw Ahsf Nqj
Ww sNm\mcw`nXv 16mw hbn!
C{Xbpw henb a\pjymhImi ewL
\hpw _me, kv {Xo NqjWhpw sNbv
Xv ]oUnntXm, sXmgnemfnIfpsS t]
cn HpIqSnb apXemfnamcpw!
BbnjbpsS Cns ham
\hpw ]dbppv bpncmPymc:
""\mSIn\npw kn\nabnsen
t Bbnj ]Xn\ne[nIw kn
\naIfne`n\bnpIbpmbn. Fm
kn\naIfn\npw \ymbamb {]Xn^
ew InmsX hXns\ XpSv Xmdp
amdmb PohnXw ] ]nSnnpXn\m
bn Bbnj Hcp hoptPmenmcnbmbn
]smXc sImw dnbmZn Ign
p. ITn\m[zm\w sNbv Xpmnb
]Ww apgph aIbp sImSpp.
]s aIv AXv kqnm I
gnn. AtXmsS BbnjbpsS Po
hnXw hopw ZpcnXnembn.'' (t]Pv
9, 10) ""Ctm BsIbp hcpam\
amKw Xmc kwLS\bmb "A' \
Ip 4000 cq] am{XamWv. Bbnj A
Xv \ntbmsS kzoIcnpp.''(t]Pv 10).
CXmWv Ch krn "hntamN\hn
h'ns bYmY Nn{Xw. Ctm t]m
epw, XfpsS Ncn{Xn\v Aemc
ambnsmp\Sm Hcp t]cv F
Xn Ihn h BZchpw IyqWn
v ùXnIhmZnI B ]mhw kv {Xo
v \Ipptm? XfpsS t{]m{Km
apIv Bsfqm\ Hcp ]cky
hmNIw FXn Ihn Fp hn
ebmWv tIcfnse Ctmgs bp
nhmZnI Bbnjv \IpXv?
Bbnj tIcfnse bpnhmZn, I
yqWnv {]m\v \Inb
kw`mh\I FsmsbmsWv F
m aebmfnIpadnbmw. Fm, H
cp {]Zi\ hkv Xphmn Apw C
pw NqjWw sNpIbmsX B ]m
hw kv {Xov hXpw XncnpsImSpm
Ahmbnptm? \mw NsSp
teJ\ Xs, BbnjbpsS {]i
kv Xnsb hkv XphIcnv kwLS\ h
fm\p ]cn{ia am{Xat? A
htcmSp Fsnepw ISmSmtWm
Ahbn \ngenpXv?
Npcpn, tIcfob \mkvXnI
bpnhmZw kv {XoIsf "GXv \nepw'
D]tbmKsSpm\pw NqjWw sN
m\pw Xcw Innbm AhcneqsS ]c
amh[n t\w sImm\pw {ianpp.
Fm XfpsS kmaqlykwhn[m\
n {]mYanImwKXzw t]mbnv Hc\p
`mhnbmbn \ne\nm t]mepw A
hImihpw A\phmZhpw s]n\v A
Xv hIshv \Ipn. hmNIk
pIsImv am{Xw Fmehpw kv
{XohncpX ad p ]n Sn m sa v bp
n hm Zn I hym tam ln cp Xv . ]p
cp jm [n ] Xy n s H fn ncnp
{ZwI sXmpImWnm tijnbp
Hcp kv{Xo kaqlw ChnsS hf
phcppv!
2013 sk]vw_ 21
Ggv BImifpspw Ah ASppIfmbn
krnshbmsWpap IzpB\nse ]cma
i Aimkv{Xobat? Acons ASpp
IsfIpdnmWv Ggp BImisfv IzpB ]d
npsX hmZw ASnm\clnXhpw IzpB
\n\\pkcnv imkv{Xs ZphymJym\nphm\p
]cn{iahpat?
Ggv BImifpspw Ah ASppIfmbn
krnshbmsWpw IzpB hyampp
sXv icnbmWv. Ggv BImisfn Ggv Izp
B kqfmWpXv . AhbpsS kmcw Xmsg sIm
Sppp.
"Ah\mWv (Amlp) \npthn `qanbn
epsXmw krnpXXv. ]pdsa Ggv BImi
fmbn {IaoIcnpsImv D]cntemIs kwhn[m\n
adp]Sn
Fw. Fw. AIv_ ! !! !!
Ggv BImi
IzpB ]cmai
Aimkv{Xobtam?
Hmw BIminemWv \{Xsf
v ]dbpIbpw AXn\p]pdsa Bdv B
Imi IqSnbpsv hyamp
Ibpw sNptm k]vXmImi F
XpsImv hnhnpXv `qanbpsS
Aco]mfnIfsv IrXyambn a
\nemhppv . AXn_rlmb \
{XPmesf apgph\mbn DsImp
Hmw BImispdn IzpB
]cmai {]kvXpX \{X Pm
enSbnse tIhesamcp _np am
{Xamb kqcy\pNppw XncnpsImn
cnp `qanbpsS Aco]mfnIfn
semns\pdnmsWv a\nemm
bmsXmcp \nhmlhpantm.
2013 sk]vw_ 22
h\pw Ah XsbmWv. Ah F
m Imcysnbpw Adnhph\mIp
p.' (2:29)
"Ggv BImifpw `qanbpw Ah
bnephcpw Ahs (Amlphns)
]cnipnsb {]Ionpp. bmsXm
cp hkv Xphpw Ahs\ kv XpXnpsIm
v (Ahs) ]cnipnsb {]Ion
mXmbn C. ]s AhcpsS Io
\w \n {KlnpIbn. Xo
bmbpw Ah kl\ioe\pw Gsd
s]mdph\pw BIpp.' (17:44)
"\o tNmZnpI: Ggv BImi
fpsS cnXmhpw almb knwlm
k\ns cnXmhpw BcmIpp?'
(23:86)
"As\ cp Znhkfnembn
Ahsb Ah Ggv BImifmn
op. Hmtcm BIminepw A
XmXns Imcyw Ah \ntZinpI
bpw sNbvXp. kao]p BImi
s Nne hnfpIsImv Aecn
pIbpw kwcWw Gs]SppI
bpw sNbv Xp. {]Xm]imenbpw kh
\pamb Amlp hyhsSpn
bXs{X AXv.' (41:12)
"AmlphmIpp Ggv BImi
fpw `qanbn \nv Ahv Xpeyamb
Xpw krnh. AhnSbn Ahs I]\ Cdpp. Amlp
GXv Imcyn\pw Ignhph\mIpp Fpw GXv hkvXpshbpw Nqgv
v Adnbph\mbncnpp Fpw \n a\nemphm thn.'
(65:12)
"Ggv BImisf ASppIfmbn krnh\mIpp Ah. ]ca
ImcpWnIs krnn bmsXmcp Gpdhpw \o ImWpIbn. F
m \o Zrn HpIqSn XncnpsImphcq. h hnShpw \o ImWpp
tm?' (67:3)
"\n Int; Fs\bmWv Amlp ASppIfmbnv Ggv
BImi krnncnpXv Fv?' (71:15)
Cu kqfnsemw BImi Fp ]cn`mjsSpnbncn
pXv "AamhmXv' F ]ZsbmWv. apIfnepXv, DbXv F
o A hcp ko, aow, hmhv {Xbmcfn\nv \njv ]
amb "kpav' F aqen\nmWv CXns GIhN\amb kam
Av DmbncnpXv. Fnssbnepw apIfnepXns\ Xmsgbp
Xn\v Bt]nIambn "kamAv' Fp ]dbmsav lnPvd Amw \qm
n Pohn IzpB ]Zhn\ymk hnZKv[\mb Camw dmKn_v Ckvv^
lm\n Xs {]ikvXamb A ap^vdZmv ô Kco_n IzpB\n
]dbppv. `qanv Bt]nIambn AXn\papIfnep Fns\bpw
Ipdnv "kamAv' Fp ]dbmsaw. apIfnepXv F A
n "BImiw' F {]tbmKw aebmfnepw DXmWtm. "]n
I BImipIqSn ]dpp'shv ]dbptm `qanp apIfneqsS
]dppshv am{XamWv \mw AammdpXv. CtXt]msebp
Nne {]tbmK IzpB\nepw ImWmw. HcpZmlcWw t\mpI: "B
Imip\npw \mw A\p{KloXamb shw hjnpIbpw, Fnv
AXpaqew ]e Xcw tXmfpw sImbvsXSp [m\yfpw \mw apf
npIbpw sNbvXp.'(50:9).
Ggv BImi F IzpB\nI {]tbmKw AampXv
2013 sk]vw_ 23
`qanv apIfnep Acons Ggp ]mfnIfmImsav Nne Izp
Bimkv{X hnimcZam A`n{]mbsXv Cu ]Zmw ]cnK
WnpsImmWv. t{Smt]mkv^nb, kv{Smtmkv^nb, aotkmkv^nb
, sXtamkv^nb, FIvtkmkv^nb, AbtWmkv^nb, amtmkv
^nb Fns\ GgmbnmWtm imkv{Xam Aco]m
fnIsf XcwXncnnpXv. Acon\v Ggp ]mfnIfmWpsX
imkv{XhkvXpXbpw Ggp BImifmWpsX IzpB ]cma
ihpw ]ckv]cw s]mcpsSpXXmsWmWv Ah ]dbm {ian
Xv.
Fm, Aco]mfnIsf DtinpsImmWv Ggp BImi
sfv IzpB {]tbmKnnpsX hmZw ASnm\clnXam
sWv IzpB hN\ Xs hyamppv. Ggp BImi
sfpdnp ]cmainp \tS Dcn kqdp ^pznen
se ]{mw hN\n "kao]p BImis \mw Nne hnf
pI sImv AecnpIbpw kwcWw Gs]SppIbpw sN
bvXp'(41:12)shv ]dbptm Hmas BIminemWv Amlp
kIehn[ hnfpIsfbpw \{Xsfbpw {Klsfbpw D]{Kl
sfbpw hm\{Xsfbpsamw m]nncnpsXv a\n
emhppv. "Xobmbpw ASpp BImis \mw \{Xmem
cm tamSn ]nSnnpIbpw sNbvXncnpp'(37:6)sh kqdp
zm^mnse Bdmw hN\nse ]cmaiw \apv kao]p
BIminemWv \{Xsf hkvXpX HpIqSn IrXyambn shfn
sSpppv. Hmw BIminemWv \{Xsfv ]dbpIbpw
AXn\p]pdsa Bdv BImi IqSnbpsv hyampIbpw sN
ptm AXn\npXs k]v Xm
Imi FXpsImv hnhnp
Xv `qanbpsS Aco]mfnIfs
v IrXyambn a\nemhppv. A
Xn_rlmb \{XPmesf apgp
h\mbn DsImp Hmw BImi
spdn IzpB ]cmai {]
kv XpX \{X PmenSbnse tI
hesamcp _np am{Xamb kqcy\pNp
pw XncnpsImncnp `qanbpsS
Aco]mfnIfnsemns\pdnm
sWv a\nemm bmsXmcp \n
hmlhpantm.
2013 amv 21\v bqtdm]y kv s]
bvkv GPknbpsS mv kvs]bvkv
sSekvtImv ]qnbmn ]pdphn
tImkv anIv ssat{Imthhv _mv {Ku
ns\pdn hniZamb amv {]Imcw
\psS {]]n\v 1380 tImSn h
jw ]gapv (IrXyambn ]dm
13.798 0.037 _ney hjw).
(1)
\ap
v ]Tnm Ignbp {Zhyw (ordinary
matter) 4.9 iXam\hpw \psS \nco
Wn\v {]m]yam Ccp{Zhyw
2013 sk]vw_ 24
(dark matter) 26.8 iXam\hpw Ccp
DuPw 68.3 iXam\hpw DsImp
\psS {]]ns hfsc sNdnsbm
cp `mKw am{Xta a\pjyv \ncon
m\pw ]Tnm\pw IgnbqshXmWv
bmYmYyw. \nconm Ignbp {]
](Observable Universe)ns hnkv
XrXn (diameter) 9300 tImSn {]Imih
jfmsWmWv ]pXnb IWv.
(2)
\
apv Hcnepw \nconm\mhm
{]]w AXns 10
23
Ccnsbnepw
hcpsamWv imkv{Xam IW
mnbncnpXv.
(3)
\nconm
Ignbp {]]n am{Xw 3x10
23
\{XfpmhpsamWv IcpXs
SpXv. Chsbmw DsmnpsIm
mWv IzpB Hmas BImi
sav ]cmainncnpXv F h
kvXpX hyampXmWv \tS kq
Nnn IzpB hN\. \apv
\n co n m \m Ip {] ] n s
tImSm\ptImSn Ccn hcpXmWv Hcn
epw \nconm\mhm {]]sa
v imkv {Xam ]dbptm H
mw BImiw t]mepw Hcnepw \
psS ]T\ns hcpXnbnsemXpp
Xsv hyamhppv. IzpB
\n ]d Hmas
BImins Hcp kq
v aamb Awiw am{Xam
Wv \psS ]T\]cn[n
bn hcpsXncns
av Bdv BImisf
pdn AXnse ]cma
i Aimkv {Xobam
sWv ]dbpXns\
bmWv? Hmw BImi
ns sNdnsbmcp `m
Kspdnpam{Xsa a
\pjy F{X ]ptcmK
anmepw Ah\v a\n
emphm\pw ]Tnphm
\pw Ignbqshv Xncn
dnbphv Fs\
bmWv Hne[nIw BIm
ifps khi
s {]kvXmh\sb
\ntj[nphm Ignbp
I!
{]]spdn
]pXnb ]T\ Hn
hyXykvX ASppIfmbnmWv Amlp
Ggv BImisf krnncnpsX
v IzpB ]cmainptm AXv
Aimkv{XobamsWv ]pnpXp
h B[p\nI ùXnIam aptm
pshp _lp{]] knms
F s\ bm Wv t\m n m Wp sX v
Adnbm IuXpIapv. Ipanfm knm
{]Imcw \psS {]]w Hcp ASp
pw ap {]]sfmw AtXmS\p
_n ASppIfpambn nXn sN
pXmbmWv hnhnncnpsX
hkv XpX IzpB\ns\ sXdn ]dbm
sXfnhpI At\zjnphsc {]tIm
]nnpXmWv .
kamc {]]sfpdnv kbn^nIv Atacn\n h ]T\w.
2013 sk]vw_ 25
e[nIw BImifps IzpB {]kv Xmh\sb km[qIcnpI
bmWv sNpsX hkvXpX ApXIcamWv. Hne[nIw {]]
fpsS kmIeyamb Hcp _lp{]]nemWv (multiverse) \mw Pohn
psXmWv B[p\nI ùXnIw ]dbpXv. {]]s hniZoIcn
p knmsfmw Hne[nIw {]]fpsv ncoIcn
phbmsWv BImitKmfsfpdn ]T\n\v Gsd D]tbm
KnsSp kvs]bvkv tUmSv tImw sh_vsskns Aknkvv am
t\PnwKv FUn mc tamkvtImhnv kanppv.
(4)
eImew
A\ambn ]cpInSpXmsWn {]] Hmtcm \nnX
CSthfIfnepw Bhntn hcpsav s]mXp Bt]nIXmkn
mhpw {]]w hopsImncnppshn \nch[n Ipanf {]
] (bubble universes) Dmthn hcpsav almhnkv t^mS\ kn
mhpw {]]n\v ]Xns\mv am\fpsn \psS {Xnam\
en\v kamcamb am\fp ap {]]fpmImsav X
{n knmhpw km[yXm Xzneqnsmv Nnnptm ]p
{Xn{]]fpmhm km[yXbpsv Izmw _eX{hpw \p
sS KWnX{InbI {]Imcw hniZoIcW aamb \psS {]]s
tmse ap KWnX{InbI \ne\np {]]fpmImsav A`n\h
KWnXhpw hyampXmbmWv tamkvtImhnv hmZnpXv.
(5)
ùXnI
imkv{Xnse ]pXnb koWXI _lp{]]knmw kzoIcn
phm {]tNmZnnphbmsWv \nch[n ùXnIsc Dcnp
sImv kbn^nIv Atacn kanppv.
(6)
hyXykvX ASppIfmbnmWv Amlp Ggv BImisf kr
nncnpsXv IzpB ]cmainptm AXv Aimkv{Xobam
sWv ]pnpXph B[p\nI ùXnIam aptmpsh
p _lp{]] knms Fs\bmWv t\mnmWpsX
v Adnbm IuXpIapv. Ipanfm knm{]Imcw \psS {]]w
Hcp ASppw ap {]]sfmw AtXmS\p_n ASppIfpam
bn nXn sNpXmbmWv hnhnncnpsX hkvXpX IzpB
\ns\ sXdn ]dbm sXfnhpI At\zjnphsc {]tIm]nnp
XmWv. Ipanf {]]sf Nn{XoIcnncnp hnn]oUnb Nn{Xw
t\mpI. \psS {]]s t]mse \n\nv hyXykv Xamb \n
ba \ne\np ap {]]sfbmWv ChnsS Nn{XoIcnncn
pXv. hyXykv X \nba \ne\np \nch[n {]]fp
Ipanf{]]: hnn]oUnb {]knoIcnncnp Nn{Xw
mImsav imkv{Xobambn kan
p ùXnIcpsS teJ\ k
amlcnpsImv {]kn {_nojv {]
] imkv{X\mb _\mUv Im
FgpXpXv ùXnIw t\cnSp \nc
h[n sskmnI kakyIv ]cn
lmcw \ntZinphm _lp{]]
knmnt\ IgnbpIbpqshm
Wv.
(7)
Ggv BImifps IzpB
\nse ]cmais Aimkv {Xobsav
]pnv imkv {Xt_m[ns ]pcp
dncnphcmWv Xsfv hon
fnph BImi hnm\obn
se ]pXnb ]T\tfsXnepw Hv
hmbnncpsn Fp \mw {]Xym
inpI.
Ip dn p I :
1. "Plank reveals an almost perfect Uni-
verse'', European Space Agency -www.esa.int.
2. Itzak Bars & John Terning: Extra Di-
mensions in Space and Time, Newyork, 2010,
Page 27.
3. Alan H. Guth: The Inflationary Uni-
verse, Newyork, 2011, Page 186.
4. Clara Moscowitz: "5 Reasons we may
live in a Multiverse'', www.space.com.
5. Clara Moscowitz: 5 Reasons we may
live in a Multiverse, www.space.com.
6. ''New physics Complications lend
suport to multiverse Hypothesis'', Scientific
American, June 1, 2013.
7. Bernard Carr, (Ed): Universe or
Multiverse, Cambridge, 2009.
_lp{]] kev ]w; _WmUv Im
dns ]pkv XIw.
2013 sk]vw_ 26
Aen sNmSv ! !! !!
{]mNo\ ineIfpsSbpw apw {]m
bafm D]tbmKsSpp sU
t{Umt{ImtWmfPn, tdUntbm BIvSo
hv sSv, Im_ sSv XpSnb k
abam]n\nIfpsS hnizmkyX Xtn
hcpXpw ssPht^mknepIfpsS Im
e\nWbn\v Ah D]tbmKsSp
pXn\p kmtXnI, {]mtbmKn
I _pnappIfpw tUmInkneqsS
\mw a\nemn. C\n, ]cnWmaw \S
ppshXn\p sXfnhpI ]cn
NbsSppXv hnebncpn aptm
pt]mImw.
BZyambn Atlw kanp
Xv B{^n B\IfpsS "]cnWm
a'n\p sXfnhmWv. AXn\tlw
Nne IWpIfpw kqNnnpp. ""B
\sb t]mse Hcp henb PohnbpsS
Imcyn t]mepw {ZpX]cnWmaw kw
`hntmsaXns bpnklamb
kqN\I e`yamWv. Ghpw kmh[m
\w {]P\\w \SpIbpw Fm h
fscb[nIw XeapdIsf D]mZnnm
\p tijnbpXpambmWv B\sb
Umhn hnebncpnbnpXv. sIm
p]Wnpw km\êI \namW
n\pambn B\smpth \Sp
tXmtnb a\pjy\mWv B{^n
B\IfpsS \mins {][m\
ImcWfnsemv . kzm`mhnIambpw th
m Ghpw \o sImphsb
bmWv sXcsSppXv''.
(91)
B\thm henb sImp
B\Isf thbmSpsaXn\m B\
I ]cnWma {]{InbbneqsS Xfp
tNmZysf `bp
]cnWmahnizmkn
dnmUv tUmInkns `qanbnse Ghpw
almb Zriyhnkvabw: ]cnWmans
sXfnhpI F ]pkv XIw
hnebncpsSpp `mKw 4
2013 sk]vw_ 27
sS sImns \ofw Ipdpsapw F
m B\IfpsS Bhmk hyh
bn henb sImp B\Iv A
XnPoh\ km[yX IqSpsapw BbXp
sImv B\I sImpI A[nIw
hfcmsXbpw hfsc sNdpXmImsXbpw
]cnWannpsapw XpS`mKfn
hnkv Xcnpp. ""CXv kqNnnpXv,
knm]cambnsnepw sNdnb sIm
p B\Iv sXcsSpn ap
Xqw (Advantage) ssIhcpsamWv .
Fm Fmepw ]cnWmans
Imcyn kw`hnpXpt]mse hn
]coX sXcsSpv km[yXI kr
jvSnp kZw Hcp HpXon
tembncnpw (Compromise) Imcy
sfnpI. \o sImp Icnho
camv av B\Ifpambp ac
n apXqw e`npsaXn kw
iban. Fm tXmtnb a\pjy
cpsS apn CsXmcp \yq\Xbmbn am
dpXv Hcp kaoIcWw (balancing) A
\nhmcyampw. thbpsS Imcyn
kwPmXamIp GsXmcp Xcnep
h[\bpw, AXv \nbahncp h\w I
ttam \nba hnt[bamb thbmStem
Bbnsms, Cu kaoIcWn
\ofw Ipd sImn\v A\pIqeam
b amapmpw. asmw XpeyamsW
n a\pjy \Sp B\thbp
sS êambn sNdnb sImn\\pIqe
amb Hcp ]cnWma hyXnbm\w {]Xo
nmhpXmWv''.
(92)
Cs\ Hcp {]kv Xmh\ \Sn
btijw Nne IWpI IqSn Ah
Xcnnpptlw. DKm h\
fn 19251958 ImeLn HutZym
KnI B\thbneqsS e`yamb B\
smpIfpsS `mchyXymkw AhXcn
npp: ""DKm sKbnw Un]mv
sav (Ugandan game department) 1962
{]knoIcn hnhcfmWv apIfne
s {Km^n sImSpncnpXv. \n
bahnt[bambn ssekkp thm
\Snb B\thbpsS IWpI
am{XamWnXnepXv. 1925\pw 58\p
anSv (DKm {_nojv s{]msIv Std
ns Iognembncp Imew) hjmh
jw shSnshv sIm B\IfpsS sIm
ns icmicn `mcw ]un tcJ
sSpnbncnpp.''
(93)
{Km^v {]Imcw
33 sImn\nSbn B\smns
`mcn GItZiw 1013 ]uns
Ipdhv hp Fv tcJsSppp.
Cu IWpI AhXcnn tijw
Atlw kanpXnXmWv:
""B\IfpsS Imcyn \o sIm
pIsfm sNdnb sImpIsf {]
IrXn ]npWbv ppshv Nnnm
\p iamb ImcWw \appv.
NnnpI, ssekkp thm
\Snb sImeIfpsS ASnm\n
hc {Km^mWnhnsSbpXv. Fm
sNdnb sImv sXcsSpm\p
{]hWXv t{]cIambXv Hcp ]
t A\[nIrXamb h\w Itam
bncnmw. CsXmcp ]cnWma {]hWX
XsbmsWv \mw Kuch]qhw Nn
ntnbncnpp. As\sbn
hfsc s]sv kw`hn HmWn
sXXn Xan. FSpSn am
XrIbn Hcp \nKa\w cq]sSpp
Xn\papv A]w IcpXtemsS \o
tXpv. \manhnsS IXv AXn
iamb {]IrXn\n[mcWw Xsbm
hmw.''
(94)
B\smns `mcw Ipdbm
ImcWw thmcn\nv cs
Sm B\I {]IrXn\n[mcWw h
gn sImpIfpsS henw IpdXmIm
sa A\pam\amWv tUmInkv Chn
sS \SnbncnpXv. AXn\pw ]
t, Atlns ] Dulam
sX sXfnshmpan.
ChnsS {]kamb Hpcv Im
cy kqNnnmXncnm h. tUm
Inkv \ncnbXv 33 hjs IW
mWv. Hcm\bpsS icmicn Bbpv
6070 hbmWv.
(95)
km[mcW Hcm\
km[mcW Hcm\bpsS t]mepw ]IpXn Bbpn
\n S v ] cn Wm aw \ S p F p ] d bp kq {X
hmIyw AXv`pXIcw Xs. hjv aps
B\th XpSnbncnmsav IWpIqn ap
tmpt]mbmepw tUmInkns Is A
Xn`mh\bmsX asmpa. thm henb
sImp B\Isf Xncp]nSnv IimpsN
bvXv sImpsIm Bcw`nncnpw. sas sa
s henb sImp B\Isf CcIfmbn e`n
mXncp apdv sNdnbhtbbpw hopw sN
dnbhtbbpw thbmS XpSXmWv sImn
s `mcw/henw Ipdbm ImcWambncnpI.
2013 sk]vw_ 28
bpsS t]mepw ]IpXn Bbpn\nSv
]cnWmaw \Sp Fp]dbp kq{X
hmIyw AXv `pXIcw Xs. hj
v aps B\th XpSnbncnm
sav IWpIqn aptmpt]mbmepw
tUmInkns Is AXn`mh
\bmsX asmpa. IWn ]d
{]Imcw B\smns Xqw/h
enw Ipdbm\p bYmY ImcWw a
\nemm henb Pohikv {X
\mIWw Fsmpan. AXn\v sIm
tfmWnbenks kw_n {]mY
anI [mcWI am{Xta Bhiyapq.
{_nojpIm GsXmcp cmPyv tImf
\n m]nnpsnepw AhnsS \n
h ]camh[n kv AhcpsS \m
ntev ISnbnpv. AXns Pohn
p ae_m tamUemWv sjmWq
\neq dbn]mX. \neqcnse
tXpXSn Ip ISpI F Hscm
eyn\pthnbmWv B dbn]m
X \nnXv. Cuny I\nbpsS
bpw eyw asmmbncpn. DKm
bn \nh B\smpw ap h\
kpambncnpw sImbSnncnp
I. Ahmhiyw Ghpw henhpw
`wKnbpap B\smpIfmWv . tUm
Inkv t\cs Nqnmnb t]mse
thm henb sImp B\Isf
Xncp]nSnv IimpsNbvXv sImp
sIm Bcw`nncnmw. sas sas
henb sImp B\Isf CcIfm
bn e`nmXncp apdv sNdnbhtb
bpw hopw sNdnbhtbbpw thbmS
XpSXmWv sImns `mcw/hen
w Ipdbm ImcWambncnpI. tUm
Inkv \Inb IWn CXv hy
amhppapv. a\pjythm t_m[
]qhw henb sImp B\Isf Xp
Sbmbn thbmSnbXv sImv sNdp
sImpI e`npXn\v Hcp {]tXy
I kzoIzkv cq]spshv am{Xw.
ASpXmbn ]pkv XIw N sN
pXv ]nIfpsS ]cnWmaamWv . t{Im
tbjy Zzo]mb t]mUv {acphnte
v ]dnp\Ss s]mUmkokv kn
pe (Podarcis Sicula) C\ns]
tIhew Ap tPmUn ]nI 27 h
jw sImv Zzo]nemsI \ndspw
amwk`ppIfmbncp AhI Xe
bpw icocm`mKfpw (Zl\{]{In
b) amdn kky`ppIfmbn amdnsbpw
hniZoIcnpp. Atlw FgpXpp:
""{]mWnIsf `nv Pohnp km
[mcW Iphcmdp Hcn\w saUn
td\nb ]nIfmWv s]mUmkokv
knpe (Podarcis Sicula). 1971 Hcp
t]m]ptej t]mUv tIm]ns Zzo]n
Dmbncpp. AtX kabw A
cn Hscw t]mepw t]mUv {acp
hn Dmbncppan. B hjw ]
coWmSnm\n Nne tNv
Av tPmSn s]mUmkokv knpe
Isf t]mUv tImnbn\npw ti
Jcnv sImphp {acp Zzo]n Xp
dphnp. ]nosSp kw`hnpsh
dnbm\mbn s_Pnb imkv {X\m
b A tm Wn sl d en s (Anthony
Herrel) t\XrXznep Hcp imkv{X
kwLw 2008 t]mUv {acp kin
pIbpmbn. ]nIfpsS Hcp kar
amb t]mptej\mWv Ahhn
sS ImWm\mbXv.
(96)
t]mUv {acphn ]nI Dm
bncpn FXv tIhe {]kv Xmh\
am{Xambn \nesImpp. am{Xa,
AhnsS "s]mUmknkv knpe' C\
ns] Ap tPmUn ]nIsf B
cp Xpdphnp FXpw hya. ]
s 36 hjptijw êadn
bm hXv Hcp kwLw imkv{X
! hyamb tcJIfpw am\Z
fpanmsX GtXm AmX Xpdp
hnp F {]kv Xmh\ \mw apJhne
sSpWw. ]cnWma hnizmknI C
Xv kzoIcntmw. ]s AXns\ km
am\y _pnbph t]mepw AwKo
Icnn. XpSp hmbnq: ""Un. F
. F ]cntim[\bneqsS Ahsbmw
s]mUmkokv knpe XsbmsW
Htc Imemhbp ASpSpp Zzo]p
Ifnse Bhmk hyhIfpw `ye`yXbpw
ssPh, kkyhnXcWhpw kaambncnpw. F
npw FpsImv t]mUv aIcphntev ]dn
p\ ]nI am{Xw "]cnWanp?' AXn\p
ImcWw hniZoIcnm\p _m[yX tUmIn
kSap ]cnWmahnizmknIpv.
2013 sk]vw_ 29
v ncoIcnp. 1971 tIm]nbn
\nv ]dnp\ Ap tPmUnIfpsS
]nKmanIfmWv Cu henb t]m]pte
j\n DsXpw A\pam\ns
p.''
(97)
CXphsc \SsXmw bh\nI
pnse Imcy. {acphnep
]nI Av tPmUnbn\nv hf
v hepXmb h kaqlamsWXpw
tIhew A\pam\w! tUmInkv XpS
cpp: ""sldepw kwLhpw B Ap
tPmSnIfpsS A\c Xeapdsb k
kqv aw \nconpIbpw tIm]nbn
Ctmgpap bYm s]mUmko
kv knpe ]nIfpambn XmcXayw sN
pIbpw sNbvXp. {]ISamb \nch[n
hyXymk imkv{X Is
n. {]mUv tIm]nbn 36 hjn
\pappmbncp ]nIfpsS aman
m ]nKmanIfmWv Ctmgpw A
hnsSbpsXmbncpp imkv{X kw
Lw Fnt \ymboIcnmhp
\nKa\w. asmcp Xcn ]dm
BZna knpe ]nIfpsS (Cs
Xeapd BZnbn\n s]XmWv F
An) tIm]nbnep ]
cnWanm (Unevolved) ]XnpIsf
bpw AhbpsS Xs {acphnep
]cnWan (Evolved) ]XnpIsfbpamWv
X XmcXayw sNbv XsX \nKa
\nemWv AhscnbX.v''
(98)
ChnsSbpw \nKa\hpw A\pam\
hpw Xs B{ibw. AsX, Duln
eqsSbpw A\pam\neqsSbpw \nKa
\neqsSbpw ]cnWmaw "sXfnbnp
p'! Ccw Dulfpw A\pam\
fpw ]cnWma hnizmknIsmgnv kzo
Imcyambncnn Fv tUmInkv X
s hnebncpppv. ""Cu Dulw
sXmsWv thWsan hmZnmw. Im
cWw t]mUv sIm]nbnse ]nIfpw
apcphnse ]nIsft]mse AXnth
Kw ]cnWanm\nSbptm. Fn
t]mepw \manhnsS honpXv {]
IrXnbn kw`hnp ]cnWmahyXn
bm\w XsbmWv.''
(99)
Htc Imemh
bp ASpSpp Zzo]pIfnse B
hmk hyhIfpw `y e`yXbpw
ssPh, kkyhnXcWhpw kaambncn
pw. Fnpw FpsImv t]mUv {a
cphntev ]dnp\ ]nI am{Xw
"]cnWanp?' AXn\p ImcWw hn
iZoIcnm\p _m[yX tUmInk
Sap ]cnWma hnizmknIpv.
]cnWmaw sXfnbnpsa hop ]d
nepInSbn sXfnhpI \ncm
sX Dulmt]mlsf ]npScpXv
Fs\ imkv{XamIpw? AXns\map
]cn tUmInkv Cu A[ymbn A
hImist]mse B\smns sN
dpXmIepw t]mUv {acphnse ]nI
fpsS amhpw bmYmyamsWnt]m
epw Hcp PohnhKn \nv bmZr
nIambn asmcp PohnhKw D`hn
pw F ]cnWmamhnizmkn\v
Ahsbs\ sXfnhmIpw? B\sm
v B\smmbpw ]n ]nbmbpw
_mIv Socnb _mIv Socnbbmbpw sshdkv
sshdkmbpw "]cnWanpw' Fv ]d
bpXns t]cmtWm ]cnWmaknm
w?
tUmInkns {Kns lr
Zb`mKw GsXv chnN{ apJhpc
bn hyamppv. ""qe ]cn
Wmahpw (Macro Evolution) A\p`hth
ZyamsWv sXfnbnm\mWv sekv
InbpsS ]coWw tUmInkv ]cma
inpXv. AmZanIv kwhmZfp
sS AP \nbnm tijnbp
Cu ]coWw ]pkvXIns lrZ
b`mKamW.v ''
(100)
FmWv Cu ]coW
sav ]dbpXn\v apv Cu `mKs
Ipdnv tUmInkv ]dbpXv IqSn hm
bnmw: ""hniZmwifpsS Imcyn
hsc Xo aq hcpn kqvaam
bnmWv Ah Imcy ssIImcyw
sNbvXXv. ]cnWmans sXfnhpI
fpsS {]lctijn icnpw h[nnp
êfmWv sekvInv e`nXv.
AXpsImpXs Imcy hniZam
pXv sshInnm Dtinpn
. AXn\w, hcp GXm\pw t]
PpIfn A]w koWamb Imcy
fmbncnpw hnhcnsSpsXm
Wv. {]bmkIcsa Hc]w Ipg
6080 hjw icmicn Bbpp a\pjy\v H
cp \qmn\nSv Xs Dbcw h[npp.
AXpt]mse ]XnmpInSbn Xs i
cmicn Bbppw h[npp. Znhk am
{Xw Pohnp _mIvSocnbIfn ]Xnmp
InSbn BbncWn\v XeapdI ]n
ntm icochepw h[np FXv A
tm ]cnWman\v sXfnhmIptam?
2013 sk]vw_ 30
padn hniZmwi, A{Xam
{Xw. Znhkns Ahkm\w tPmen
sNbv Xv oWnncnp thfbn ]p
kvXIns Cu `mKw hmbncpsX
\ntZiamWv F\npXv.''
(101)
]cnWmans, C{Xbpw Kuch
Xcamb sXfnhpI FmWv? Fm
Wv C{X {][m\s ]coWw? km
[mcW saUn em_pIfn hsc
ssat{Im_tbmfPnpI sNp _m
IvSocnb IdnmWv C{X henb ap
JhpcbpsS AISntbmsS AhXcnn
ncnpXv! _mIv SocnbIsf Ipdnv
tUmInkv ]dbpXv Cs\bmWv:
""_mIv Socnb ]cnWmahmZnIv Aaq
ey km\ambn amdpIbmWv.''
(102)
Ac
\qmv apv t^mknepIfnepmbn
cpXnepw D]cnbmWv ]cnWmahnizm
knIv, Cv _mIv SocnbIfnep
"{]Xo.' (t^mknepIsf Ctmgh
v t]SnbmWv. B hnjbw ]noSv N
sSpmw). A{Xmhnizmkw ]
Icp Cu ]coWsamsWv tUm
Inkv Xs ]dbpp: ""kXyn
Fjdnnb tImfn (Escherichia Coli) F
_mIvSocnbbn \Snb ZoLam
b Hcp ]coWneqsS annK t
v bqWnthgvknnbnse _mIvSocntbm
fPnmb dnmUv sekvInbpw (Ri-
chard Lenski) kl{]hIcpw km[n
sSpXv.... sekv InbpsS ]co
Ww krjvSnhmZnIsf AtemkcsSp
pXv Fs\sbv \mw ImWm
t]mhpIbmWv. AXn\p]nn \sm
cp ImcWapv. ]cnWmans {]h
\w Xncndnbm klmbnp I
a\obamb Hcp DZmlcWamWnXv. Nn
cnpXm\p tNtXmhnImcw in
sSptmgpw Nncnm IjvSstS
kmlNcyapmp AXniamb
Hcp sXfnhmWXv. ISp krjvSnhmZ
mv {]tNmZ\w Xobmbpw Iptd
qSn ISpXmbncnpw.''
(103)
C{Xbpw AhImihmZpw
Bhnizmk {]IS\pwtijw
]coWsaspw hniZoIcnpp
v. ""C. tImfn _mIv SocnbI Ccn
pXv AssewKnIambmbncpp. e
fnXamb tImi hn`P\amWXv. Ipdp
Imen\pn Hcp henb t]mpte
js\ apgph P\nXI kmaytmsS
Iv tfm sNbv sXSpm FfpamsW
mWv kmcw. 1988 sekvIn A
cnsemcp t]mptej tiJcnv A
hsb 12 kam\amb ^vfmkvIpIfn
hym]nm A\phZnp. .... Cu 12 tKm
{Xsfbpw Fmepw Htc ^v fmkv
In Xs kqnpIbmbncpp F
p IcpXcpXv. Hmtcm tKm{Xsbpw
Zn\w{]Xn Hmtcm ]pXnb ^vfmkvInte
D]cnh\hpw {]IrXn\n[mcWWhpw aqeapmb ]cnWmaw ^vfm
kvInse Fm _mIvSocnbIsfbpw ]cnWanntm AtXm Hscstbm
Ahbn NneXns\ am{Xamtbm ]cnWannXv? Hscs am{Xw amn F
n aphbpsS `mhn Fmbn? AX B tKm{Xs samambn amn
sbn Cthscbp ]cnWma k]n Acw Hcp amw \S
tcJtbm Ncn{Xtam e`yamtWm?
2013 sk]vw_ 31
v ]IpsImncpp... Hmtcm tKm
{Xn\pw 7000 ^vfmkvIpI Ds]
\o \ncI! Zn\w{]Xn ]gb ^v fm
kvIn\npw _mIvSocnb Ie {Zm
hIw Hmtcm ]pXnb ^vfmkvIntev ]
IpsImncpp.''
(104)
]coWn
s hniZoIcW hfsc hniZam
bn \Ippv IrXnbn. ASpXm
bn _mIvSocnb ]coWs a\pjy
]cnWma k]hpambn XmcXayw sN
ppv. ""sekvInbpw kwLhpw X
fpsS Cu khntij Zn\Ncy 20 h
jamWv XpSpsImpt]mbXv. A
XmbXv GItZiw 7000 ^v fmkv Iv Xe
apdIfmbn _mIv SocnbIfpsS GXmv
45,000 XeapdIfmWv D]mZnns
Xv. icmicn Bdv Ggv XeapdI Zn
hkhpw ]ndhnsbSppsa IWn
s ASnm\nemWv 45,000 F
kwJybnsentcpXv. Cu ]dbp
Xv icnbmb ]men hne
bncpWsan a\pjys Imcyw Nn
nm aXnbmIpw. \psS 45,000 X
eapdI ]ndtImpt]mbm GXmv
]pew ]nnep tlmtam Cd
IvSkns (Homo eractus) ImeLn
emWv \msantcpI.''
(105)
_mIv Socnb ]coWns\Sp
Imehpw a\pjy ]cnWmak] Im
ehpw Xn \Snb XmcXayw hf
sc {][m\amWv. ]cnWmaknm {]
Imcw B[p\nI a\pjy\mb \nbm
Xm a\pjy\v Bdv ew hbt
{]mbapq Fv \mw cmw `mKn
N sNbv XXv HmpI. B[p\n
I a\pjy\pXntesd {]mbw e`n
]coWamWv sekvInbpw Iqcpw
\SnbsXv kmcw. Cu ]coW
ns Bghpw ]cpw AXlnp
Fm KuchtmsSbpw Dsm
v Xs ]coW êhpw hnebn
cptXpv. ""icn, \apntm
12 tKm{Xfpv. ùa kabns
AXnthK ]XnpIsft]mse, ]nWn
bpw kp`nXbpw amdnadnphcp
kam\ ]cnnXnbn ]pXp Xeapd
I krjv Snv aptdpIbmWv Cu tKm
{X. ChnsS Dbcp IuXpIcam
b tNmZyanXmWv: Cu XeapdI F
mehpw apKmanIv kam\ambn
XpScptam? AtXm ]cnWanptam? C
\n AYhm ]cnWanpsan ]{
v tKm{Xfpw Htc coXnbn Xs
bmhptam ]cnWanpXv. AtXm A
h ]cnWanv hn`nambnocptam?...
GsXnepsamcp _mIv Socnbbn IqSp
X ê{]Zambn qtmkv Blcn
m klmbnpwhn[ap D]cnh
\apmbm {]IrXn\n[mcWw
AXns\ ]npWpsamWv Umhn
\nkw hn`mh\w sNpXv. Xmakn
bmsX Acw _mIvSocnbIfpsS ]
XnpI ^v fmkv InemIam\w \ndbp
sapw {]Xonmw. Cu ]pXnb ]
XnpIfpsS ]ccIfmbncnpw D
cnh\n\v hnt[bamImhbp
sS XeapdIsf At]nv ]pXnb ^v
fmkv IpIfn IqSpXembn m]ns
SpI. Ahkm\w Cubn\w hynKX
_mIv SocnbIfpsS tKm{Xn\v ^v fmkv
IpIfn IpI ssIhcpw.''
(106)
XpStlsagpXpp. ""kXy
n CXpXsbmWv 12 tKm{Xfp
sS Imcynepw kw`hnXv. ^v fmkv
Iv XeapdI aptdptmdpw Fm
12 tKm{Xfntebpw _mIv SocnbI H
cp `W t{kmXs \nebn q
tmkv NqjWw sNpXn Ahbp
sS BZna apKmanIsfm AXnPo
h\aX AYhm anIhv (fitness) D
hbmbnXop.''
(107)
Cs\ qtmkv Iq
SpX NqjWw sNm XpSnbXn
se kv In bp sS ] co Ww im kv {Xo b a s
pw tNmZy AXns\ s]mfnsgpXpsapw
]cnWmahmZnI `bsSppmImw. AXp
sImmhmw AXns hnhctiJcw Hcp {]
knoIcWmebns FUn Bhiys
Xnt\mSv kwkvImciq\y, sXcphpKp, sX
mSn XpSnb tIcfob bpnhmZn kmln
Xy `mj D]tbmKnv Xs BtKmfXen
epw {]XnIcnXv!
2013 sk]vw_ 32
eqsS _mIv SocnbIv Fv amw kw
`hnpshpIqSn hyamppv
IrXnbn. ""BbncWn\v Xeap
dI ]nntXmsS 12 t]m]ptej\p
Ifntebpw _mIvSocnbIfpsS icmi
cn anIhv h[np. 12 tKm{Xfnte
bpw _mIv SocnbIfpw qtmkv Ipd
phcp ]cnnXnbn sas
AXnPoh\aX ImWnm XpS
n. CXn\p ]e ImcW Nqn
mWnsp. ^v fmkv IpIfpsS Fw
]ptcmKanpwtXmdpw 12 tKm{Xfnte
bpw _mIvSocnbIfpsS hfm\ncv
IqSpIbpw icmicn icochepw h
[npIbpw sNbvXp.''
(108)
icochfm\ncns Hcp {Km^v
tNv AXv hniZoIcntijw I
mhv XpScpp. ""Cu ]cnWmaamw
kqNnnp Hcp hkvXpX CXmWv.
qtmkv kp`nXbpw ]nWnbpw
amdnamdn hcp ^vfmkvIpIpn
se shphnfn \nd khntij ]
cnnXnbn "icochepw h[nn
pI' FXv AXnPoh\n\v klm
bIcamb Hcp amamWv.''
(109)
qtmkv `Wambn e`nncp
_mIvSocnbI BbncWn\v
XeapdI ]nntm icochep
w h[np FXmWv tUmInkv
D]cnh\w, {]IrXn \n[mcWw
XpSnb ITn\]Zfm BtLmjn
pXv. Cu icochen ]ptcmKXn
A{X BtLmjntXptm?
Hma Ccp]Xv apXv sImw ]nd
tImp t]mhpIbmWv. Av \mnse {]
[m\ tcmKfpsS ]nIbn bhpw
hnfbpapmbncpp. CmIs, ]p
es ]pdndnbm ZptaZv Ip
dm \Sn\pw Hmn\pandn
bhsc sImv tdmUv \ndbpIbmWv. C
v {][m\ tcmK {]talw, sImf
kvt{Sm, {]j XpSnbhbmWv. Cu
amn\p {][m\ ImcWw `y e
`yXbpsS, amwkmlmc/t]mjImlmc e
`yXbpsS h[\hmWv. asmcp Imcyw,
1970Ifnse a\pjys icmicn Bbp
v 70.8 hjambncpsn 2010Ifn
78.7 hjamWv.
(110)
Cu Bbpv hf
v ]nnepw t]mjImlmce`yX Xs
bmWv. Fm CtX temIv Xs
bmWv ]Xn\mbnc ]nWnsImv a
cnpXpw. Ccw amsf D]cn
h\w, {]IrXn\n[mcWw XpSn
b Hma\tcpIfnp hnfnm AXns\
KXntISv Ft hnfnm \nhrnbp
p. Cmcyw tUmInkn\pXs D
a t_m[yapv. Atlw ]dbpp:
""Ccp]Xmw \qmnse hjmhjap
20 hbpImcpsS Dbcw kw_n
v Hcp {Km^v DmpIbmsWn ]
e cmPyfnepw Cmev icmicn
Dbcw h[nphcpXmbn ImWmw. ]
e cmPyfnepw Dbcw h[nm\p
{]hWX DsmWv ChnsS sXfnbp
Xv. ]s CsXmcp ]cnWma{]hW
Xbmbn adnv sas t]mjI
fpsS e`yXbpsS kqN\bmbnmWv km
[mcW ]cnKWnmdpXv.''
(111)
6080 h
jw icmicn Bbpp a\pjy\v
Hcp \qmn\nSv Xs Dbcw h
[npp. AXpt]mse ]XnmpI
nSbn Xs icmicn Bbppw h
[npp. Znhk am{Xw Pohnp
_mIv SocnbIfn ]XnmpIn
Sbn BbncWn\v XeapdI ]n
ntm icochepw h[np F
Xv Atm ]cnWman\v sXfnhm
Iptam?
_mIvSocnbIfn \S asmcp
amns IY IqSn ]bppv tUm
Inkv; sekvInbpsS ]coWn
\nSbn C tImfn _mIvSocnbIfpsS
Hcp tKm{Xn "AXnKwòcambn' Aw
KkwJy h[n kw`hw! AXpw D
]cnh\hpw {]IrXn \n[mcWhp
amsWv hop]dbpp Atlw. tUm
Inkv Amcyw Cs\ AhXcnn
pp: ""CXn\v A]hmZambn Cu Zo
L ]coWw Hcp \mSIob amw sIm
phcnIbpmbn. 33,000 Xeapd Ign
Fs\sbv tNmZnpt]mIcp
Xv. AYhm tNmZnv t]mbm I
k ]o Un b F Un p m
b A\p`hw (aebmfw ssk_
temIv bpnhmZhpw ]cn
Wmahnizmkhpw tNmZyw sNp
h t\cnSp Xcw sXdnhnfn
I Xs) Bpw DmIpw.
X ]dbp hnUvVn
fpw hnhctSpIfpw imkv{Xsa
akme tNv sXm sXm
SmsX hngppI. Am]w
Ccw sXdnhnfnIfpw It
fpw A \p ` hn p I! C Xm Wv
]cnWmahmZnIfpsS XncpI]
\! imkv{XtemIta enpI!
2013 sk]vw_ 33
tXmsS XnIpw Akm[mcWsav
]dbmhp Hcp kw`hapmbn. 12 tKm
{X XmhgnIfnsemn, Hn am{Xw,
]cnWmatmXv h\yambn IpXnpI
bdn. Ara-3 F XmhgnbnemWv Cu
ApX {]Xn`mkw ZriyambXv.''
(112)
F
mbncpp Cu ApX ]cnWmaw?
AXpIqSn ]cnNbsSmw. ""GItZiw
33,000 XeapdI hsc Ara-3 bpsS i
cmicn t]mptej km{X av 12
tKm{XfptSXnt\m ODbneqsS G
Xmv 0.04 F \nebn aptmp\o
pIbmbncpp. s]sXm Hcp \mS
Iob amw! GXmv 33,100 Xeapd ]n
ntXmsS Ara-3bpsS (12 tKm{Xfn
Cu Hscns am{Xw) icmicn
kv tIm icnpw ew_ambn IpXnp
IbdpIbmWv. Bdp aSmbmWXv h
[nXv AXmbXv kvtIm 0.25 Bbn
amdn. Cu tKm{Xnse ]noSph
^vfmkvpIfnse t]mptej\pw hn
kvt^mSIamb coXnbn h[npsIm
tbncpp. GXm\pw Znhkw Ign
tXmsS Cu tKm{Xns am{Xw t]m
ptej DXn Cu BdpaSv \nc
n mbnbmsp. Atmgpw a
v 11 tKm{Xfpw ]gb \ncmb 0.40
aptmpt]mbn. Ara-3bpsS Fm
XpS XeapdIfpw Cu t]mptej
DXn IpdhphcmsX XpSp.''
(113)
Cs\ t]m]ptej\n {]P\
\w h[nXn\v ImcWw tUmInkv
Nq n m Wn p p v . A Xn te v :
""sekvInbpw apcv kl{]h
Icpw Cmcyn XpSct\zjW
\Sn ImcWw IspI Xs
sNbvXp. HtmpI, qtmkv `
Ww am{Xa \nb{W in IqSnbm
sWpw AXv Ghpw Imcyaambn
D]tbmKnm\dnbmhphv Nne ap
XqapmIpsapw Rm ]dn
cpp. 12 tKm{XfpsSbpw Imcyn
s]mXphmbn kw`hnXv AXpXs
bmWv. Hw Xs asmcp Imcyw Iq
Sn Rm ]dncpp. AXmbXv B
{ZmhIn t]mjI LSIambn q
tmkv am{Xa DmbncpXv. AXn
se asmcp LSIw knt{Sv (Citrate) B
bncpp. (\mcbpsS ]pfncpNnbpam
bn _s hkvXp). t]mjI kqn
[mcmfw knt{Spmbncpp. Fm
CtImfn _mIvSocnbIv km[m
cWbmbn knt{Sv D]tbmKnm\p
Ignhn; Pen HmIv knPs km
n[yapsn hntijnpw. se
kvInbpsS ^vfmkvIpIfn HmIvknP
s kmn[yw kpeàmbncptm. A
s\bmWv 12 tKm{Xfpw qtm
kv am{Xw kzoIcnv kam\amb tXm
Xn {]P\\w \SntmXv. Fm
s]sv Hcp LSn knt{Sv D
]tbmKnm\p Hcp D]cnh
\w ^v fmkv pIfnsemn kw`hnp
p. icnpw temdnbSnXpt]mse!
AsX Ara-3 ^vfmkvIn XsbmW
Xv kw`hnXv. Cu tKm{Xw, Cu tKm
{Xw am{Xw, s]sv qtmkn\p]pd
sa knt{Spw D]tbmKnm\p ti
jn ssIhcnp. Atmgpw av 11 tKm
{Xfpw qtmkv am{Xw D]tbmKn
v aptmpt]mIpIbmbncpp. A
s\ Ara-3 tKm{Xs kw_nv ]n
oStmv ^v fmkv In e`yamb `
Wns Afhv KWyambn h[np
Ibpw t]m]ptej DXn IqSpX
Dbcnsen AhnsS ncXbm
PnpIbpw sNbvXp.''
(114)
Ara-3 ^vfmkv
Inse _mIvSocnbI knt{Sv `
Wambn kzoIcnXv sImv Ahbp
sS AwK_ew h[nm XpSn F
XmWv ChnsS kw`hn amw. A
Xn\p ImcWambn tUmInkpw se
kvInbpw sekvInsbmfp]cn
tUmInkv NqnmpXv B tKm
{Xn \Sp FhImisSp D
]cnh\w ImcWw _mIvSocnb
I knt{Sv `Wambn kzoIcnp
FXpw.
Cu hniZoIcWfn \npw
Nne kwib cq]sSpp. Hm
aXmbn Ara-3 tKm{Xn h D]
cnh\hpw {]IrXn\n[mcWW
hpw aqeapmb ]cnWmaw B ^v fm
kvInse Fm _mIvSocnbIsfbpw ]
cnWanntm AtXm Hscstbm
Ahbn NneXns\ am{Xamtbm ]cn
WannXv? Hscs am{Xw amn
Fn aphbpsS `mhn Fmbn?
AX B tKm{Xs samambn
amnsbn Cthscbp ]cnWm
a k]n Acw Hcp amw
\S tcJtbm Ncn{Xtam e`yamtWm?
_mocnbI \Ip "]cnWm
asfnhpIsfdnv' C\nbpw hni
ZoIcWw \Ippv tUmInkv. A
XpIqSn hniIe\w sNbvXm tUmIn
kns ]pkvXIns lrZbw Fv
hntijnns Cu A[ymbns
"t{]mzeX' icnpw "t_m[ysSpw!'
""Bn_tbmnIv acppIsXnsc h
fsc Ipd Imen\pn {]Xntcm
[tijn t\SnsbSpp \nch[n _m
Iv SocnbIfpv. ASpnsS, AXmbXv
cmw temIbp ImemWv ^v tfmdn
bpw NpA\pw (Flory and Chain) tNv
BZy Bn_tbmnmb s]knen
hnIknnsSpXv. tijw ]e \ho
\ Huj[fpw Hn\p]ndsI Hm
bn cwKsn. Chbpambn _s
_mIv SocnbIsfmw Xs {]Xntcm
[ tijn ssIhcnpXmWv ]noSv
\mw IXv.''
(115)
_mIvSobI acppI
sXnsc {]Xntcm[tijn t\SpXv
]cnWmaamsWmWv Ip]nSpw!!
Cu "[ocX' A]mcambncnpp. \nXy
Pohnn \mw Adnbp, GXm\pw ]
XnmpInSbn \mw A\p`hn
Imcy am{Xw XmcXayw sNbvXm
aXn. \psS {]]nXmal Hcp ]mc
sktam Sm_v ev Ignncpsn A
Xhv A]ISw hcppambncpp. F
m Ctm \hPmXinipph
sc ]mcsktam Hcp A]IShpw h
cppn. tIcfn imkv{Xob Ir
jnhnhns \mfpIfmbncpp 1970
80 ImeLw. cmkhffpw IoS\min
\nIfpw \ho\ hnn\fpambn Ac
tdnb alm hnhw. Nmgn, XpXpc
XpSnb \nch[nbn\w IoS
sXnsc hyXykvX Xcw IoS\min\n
Ifpambn \mw s]mcpXn. BXynI ^
ew IoStfmSv \mw tXmp Fp am{X
a, ans ss\kKnI ê`qbnjvS
Xbpw {]Xntcm[hpw \jv Ssv Bbp
[w shv IogSn ]ucmWnI Irjnco
Xnbntev Xncnpt]mhm\p {ia
Bcw`np. CsXmw ]cnWmans
sXfnhpIfmtWm?
sekvInbpsS ]coWns
hnizmkyX Ip{]knamb ]nvUu
t^mknens hnizmkyXtbmfw X
s kwibmkv ]ZamsWv hnebncpm
hp
(116)
]e ]cmaifpw ]pkvXIw
DsImpp. ]nv Uu t^mkn
]cnWmahnizmk Ncn{Xnse Ghpw
Idp Xnp Ifnsemmbncpp. ]p
2013 sk]vw_ 34
kvXIn tUmInkv AXns ]n
XrXzn \nsmgnpamdm {ian
p A]lmkyX \apv ImWm
Ignbpw. sekv InbpsS ]coWw hn
iZoIcnpXn\nSbn A ]m
bnt]mepan Fv ]d aI
s hncpXv tUmInkv ImWnpXv
hmbnpI: ""GXm\pw Znhkw Ign
tXmsS Cu tKm{Xns am{Xw t]m
ptej DXn BdpaSv \ncn
mbnbmsp. Atmgpw ap
11 tKm{Xfpw ]gb \ncmb 0.40
aptmpt]mbn. Ara-3bpsS Fm XpS
XeapdIfpw Cu t]m]ptej D
Xn IpdhphcmsX XpSp. {inpI,
Cu Hcp tKm{Xn am{Xw, Ara-3bp
sS ^v fmkv In am{Xw A[nIw qtm
kv \nt]nXv sImmhWw C
s\ kw`hnsXmbncnpw \apv s]
sv tXmpI. hmkvXhn A
s\ bmsXmpw kw`hnncpn. 12
^v fmkv IpIfnepw hfsc IWniamb co
Xnbn Htc AfhnemWv qtmkv \n
t]npsImncpXv .''
(117)
]cnWma hn
izmknIfpsS Ncn{Xw Hc]w a\n
emn tUmInkns Cu apIq Pm
ayw hcnInSbn hmbnm ap
]Xns\mv ^v fmkv IpIfnse Afhnepw
IqSpX qtmkv Ara-3 ^vfmkvIn
\nt]nv Ir{Xna]coWêw D
mnbXmhm\p km[yX Xn
fbm\mhn.
AsXmbncpmepw, Cu ]co
Wns kXykXsb kw_n
v kwibapbnhsc Hpw klnjv
WpXbnmsXbmWv tUmnkv t\cn
SpXv F hkvXpX ImWmXncnm
Ignbn. Cu ]coWêsp
dnv \S Hcp NbpsS hniZmwi
Atlw \InbXv t\mpI:
""sekvInbpsS ]coWw ssIhcn
hnPbw krjv SnhmZnIsf hmsX A
temkcsSpnbnpv . AXn Fs
nepw ]nghv Ism\p Xo{h{i
anemWhcntm. hnn]oUnbbp
sS Ip{]kn A\pIcWamb "I
k]oUnb'bpsS (Conserpedia) krjv Sn
hmZ FUndmb B{Uq jm^v fn (An-
drew Schafly) ]coWfpsS bYm
hnhctiJcw (Original data) apgph
e`yamWsav BhiyspsIm
v tUm: sekvInv FgpXnbncpp.
]coWns B[nImcnIXsb ]
n kwibaps {]XoXn krjv Snp
Ibmbncpp eyw. kwkvImciq\y
amb B \ntZitmSv {]XnIcnt
bmsXmcp _m[yXbpw Dmbncp
nsnepw hfsc kuayambn se
kvIn {]XnIcnp.'' {]ikvX ]cnWma
hmZn Pohimkv{X\pw tmKdpam
b ]n.skUv satbgv kv (P. Z. Myers) C
Xns\pdnv FgpXnbXv ""HcnIq
Sn sekvIn Ikthohv ]oUn
bbnse hmSIKpIpw hnUvVn
Ipw adp]Sn \Inbncnpp, {]n
bshsc, Ftmgpw Atlahsc \n
jv{]àmpp''
(118)
FmWv. imkv{X
s kw_nv tUmnkv ]dbp
Xv CXnt\mSv tNv hmbnWw.
""Cmev imkv{X KthjWw Hcp
Iqmbv abmWv .''
(119)
XpSpw hmNme\m
Ipp tUmInkv: ""imkv{Xs kw
_n Ghpw lrZyamb Hcp hkv
XpXsbsm AsXmcp s]mXp{]
h\amsWXmWv . imkv {Xcp
sS ]coWfpw êfpw coXnim
kv{Xfpsams ]ckyamsSpw.
temIshnsSbpap Bpw Cu
]coW kam\amb coXnbn
Bhnm\mhpw FmWnXns A
w.''
(120)
AsX, imkv {Xo b kn m
fpw K th j W fpw ] co W
fpw I p ]n Sp fpw a \p jy k
aq l n s s]m Xp kz m Wv . A Xn
s ê a\pjyv s]mXphmbn
e`npp. Fm sekvInbpsS ]
coWw imkv {Xobaspw tNmZy
AXns\ s]mfnsgpXpsapw ]cn
WmahmZnI `bsSppmImw. A
XpsImmhmw AXns hnhctiJcw
Hcp {]knoIcWmebns FUn
BhiysXnt\mSv kwkv Imciq
\y, sXcphpKp, sXmSn XpSn
b tIcfob bpnhmZn kmlnXy `m
j D]tbmKnv Xs BtKmfXen
epw {]XnIcnXv!
tUmInkns kao]\ im
kv{XtmSp {]Xn_Xbn \n
, ]cnWmaw m]nm\p sshIm
cnIamb hy{KXbn \nmWv DbnsIm
psXv hyamp thsdbpw
DcWnI ]pkvXInepv. ""ico
chenw h[npI FXv AXnPo
h\n\v klmbIcamb Hcp amam
Wv; icochepw h[nnpXv A
XnPoh\s klmbnpXv Fs\
sbv Dulnv ]dbm Rm Xmd
. AXn\v \nch[n ImcWfpmhmw.
ImcWsambmepw Hcp Imcyapdn
mw; AXs\bmWv.''
(121)
AsXs\
sbv tNmZnpt]mIcpXv. AYhm tNm
Znv t]mbm Ik]oUnb FUn
pmb A\p`hw (aebmfw ssk
_ temIv bpnhmZhpw ]cnWm
ahnizmkhpw tNmZyw sNph t\cn
Sp Xcw sXdnhnfnI Xs) Bpw
DmIpw. X ]dbp hnUv Vn
fpw hnhctSpIfpw imkv {Xsa akme
tNv sXm sXmSmsX hngppI.
Am]w Ccw sXdnhnfnIfpw
Itfpw A\p`hnpI! CXmWv ]
cnWmahmZnIfpsS XncpI]\! imkv
{XtemIta enpI!
IpdnpI:
91. `qanbnse Ghpw almb Zriy
hnkv abw ]cnWmans sXfnhpI. kn.
chnN{, Un. kn. _pIvkv, ]pdw 153
92. AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 153
95. http://en.wikipedia/wiki/african_ el-
ephant
96. `qanbnse Ghpw a l m b Zr
iy hn kv a bw ] cn Wm a n s sXfnhp
I ]pdw 156
100.AtX ]pkvXIw ]pdw 12
110.www.infoplease/pa/A0005148.html
111.`qanbnse Ghpw almb Zriyhn
kv abw ]cnWmans sXfnhpI ]pdw 155
1 1 6 . ht t p: / / en. wi ki pedi a. or g/ wi ki /
piltdown_man
117.`qanbnse Ghpw almb Zriyhn
kv abw ]cnWmans sXfnhpI ]pdw
171 172
2013 sk]vw_ 35
Bmhns\ B{Zamnb
hnkvabambncpp
Rv daZm
]cnip IzpB\ns AhXcWamkamb daZm\nse \n_
{hXm\pjvTm\w kncIfn DuPw \ndXns Bl
jnemWv apkvenw temIw Ctm. t\mtmaI a\pI
fn \nInnm Cu k`n Xm\Sap GXm
\pw aebmfn ]pXpapkvenw h\nXIfpsS BZyt\mns A\p
`h ]IpIbmWv teJnI. ]e hgnIfneev HSphn
Ckvemans XWensephv PohnXnse BZys
daZm F{X henb XWpmWv \IpXv Fv hyamp
lrZblmcnbmb Hcp s]Ipdnv.
Bbnim kPv\ ! !! !!
{Xhpambn hcmbntetmSm \nptm GXm\pw IpnI
imamb apJ`mhtmSpIqSn mkn Anmbn \npXp
ImWmw. FmWv ImcWsamcmbptm Rv t\mmWv F
mbncpp adp]Sn.
Ckvvemantev ]qWambpw ISphcpXn\v appXs t\m
ns am[pcyw F\nv \pIcm km[nncpp. Abhmknbmb
apkvenw kplrn\npamWv t\mns\ ASpdnbpXv. Ah
fpsS IqsSbmbncpp Fs BZys t\mpI. mknm Znh
kfmbncpp AXn\mbn XncsSpncpXv. Ckvemw a\n
{]thinpXpSnb ImeamWv. tImSandp XWp ]pecn
bn Amgn\mbn R Hcppw. B `Wns cpNn C
pw \mhn Xn\npp. ]I apgph AhfpsS IqsS \S
pw. \akvImc kabambm R Hcpanv apdnbn Ibdn IX
ISpw. Asmpw Fs \akvImcspdnv Bpw Adnbn
mbncpp. lnPm_ntev {]thinp GXm\pw \nanj. hn
dp a\kns\ lnPm_v sas aqSpXmbn F\n\p`hsp.
As \akv Imcns Bgw hfsc hepXmbncpp. BZyw Rm
\akvIcnpw. Fs {]m\nSbn BcpsSsbnepw Ims]
cpamtam hnfntbm tIm Ahsfs Adnbnpw. Atmtgpw
Ffpn \akv Imcw IgnncnWw FXmWv Ioj. \a
kv Imcm\cw lnPm_gnptm a\ntev hm thZ\ h
enndpw t]msebmbncpp.
Ckvv emanse \n_ Iafnsem
mWv daZm\nse Hcp amkw \op\n
p {hXw. ssZhnI amKntev Iq
SpX ASpphm\pw Bob kwkv I
cWw \Sphm\pw {hXm\pjvTm\w k
lmbnpp. lnpaXn ]e t]cp
Ifnembn {hXw AdnbsSppv. IqSm
sX BgvNbnse Nne Znhk XpS
bmbn D]hmkw A\pjvTnphcpap
v. {Inkv XpaXnepw t\mv Hcp I
aambn \ne\npp. ss__nfns A
Snm\n Xs t\mv Hc\pjvTm
\ambn \ne\nXv kpXcmw hyamWv.
Ckvveman {]`mXw apX {]tZmjw h
sc A]m\ob shSnpw hnImc
sf ASnnSnpw No {]hrn
bn\npw Zpjn kwkmcfn\npw
amdn\nemWv {hXw.
Rm Bbni. lnp IpSpw_n
P\nphf F\nv {]]\mYs A
]mcamb A\p{Klm Ckv emw kzoIcn
m\p `mKyapmbn. daZm t\mns\
pdnp Fs BZy Adnhv kv Iq Ime
Ln\nmWv. DbqWn\v tNmp]m
A\p`hw
2013 sk]vw_ 36
Akv \akvImcm\cw aKvcn_n
tep Imp\n]mbncpp IqSp
X {]nbcw. RfpsS kwkmcw
IzpB\pw lZoYpw am{Xambncpp. F
s kwibv adp]Sn ]dbpIbm
bncnpw Ah. _mns GXm\pw
\nanjpapv taicnInsen
Imcofpambn Imncnpw. aKv v cn_n
s Ddsbp hnfnbn ]I apgp
h \p ap hn i n s B g n te v
Cugns am[pcyw \pWnd
pIbmbn. XWp shw Rcp
Isf DWp A\p`qXn. a\kn
Fsnm IpfnabmWv B t\m
v km\nXv.
Ckvvemw kzoIcn Fs ktlm
Zcnam GItZiw Fp]pt] Im
Wpw. kmdbpsS hon Cv R
v t\mv XpdbmWv. Fs In
A]w Nn kmUvhnvv D.v A
Xpambn Rm ]pdsSpIbmWv. Ak
v dn\ptijap kwKan Fmhcpw
Fnbnpv. BZys daZms Hm
aI AbhndpIbmbncpp Hmtcm
cpcpw.
kmd ]dp: "Ap hj
papp Fs BZys daZm
Rm BtLmjnpIbmbncpp.' A
hfpsS hmpIfn Fsnm k
tmjw. B IpIfn\npw AXv
hmbnmambncpp. Ah XpSp:
"Rm Cpw AtXmpp. Fn
\nbdnn\p ]Tnp kabw. HmK
vv amkw Ahkm\w. tlmkv en
shv, CXphsc A\p`hnnnm, I
pt]mepw ]cnNbanm, Fs B
Zys daZm. Av RfpsS IqsS
hfscpdv apkvv enw IpnI am{X
ambncpp DmbncpXv. san \n
pw aKv cn_n\v `Ww InWsan
tSmsWSpv Iyq \nWw. ]I
apgph\pw A\pjvTn D]hmkns
Ckvemw a\n {]thinpXpSnb ImeamWv. tImSand
p XWp ]pecnbn Amgn\mbn R Hcppw.
B `Wns cpNn Cpw \mhn Xn\npp. ]I
apgph AhfpsS IqsS \Spw. \akvImc kabambm R
Hcpanv apdnbn Ibdn IXISpw. Asmpw Fs \
akvImcspdnv Bpw Adnbnmbncpp. aKvvcn_ns Dd
sbp hnfnbn ]I apgph\pap hnins Bgnte
v Cugns am[pcyw \pWndpIbmbn. XWp
shw RcpIsf DWp A\p`qXn.
2013 sk]vw_ 37
Ahkm\ L! Av Bbnisb
hnfnv Fs ktmjw ]nXv Hm
pptm?' Ahsfs t\v t\m
n tNmZnp.
Rm Hcp sNdp]pncntbmsS "A
sX' Fv Xebmn.
apkvv enw IpnIpt]mepw A
Xnibambncpp Av kmdbpsS t\m
v. eohn\v hontev t]mImsX tlm
kv en Xs Xpambncpp. Am
gn\v ]etmgpw Hpw Ignm In
mdn. Fnepw BZys t\mns
am[pcyw Ahv Bthmfw BkzZn
m km[np.
Fm ^mXznabpsS A\p`hw
XnIpw hyXykv Xambncpp. t\mv
apXpw Ah hon\nmbncpp F
SpXv. A ]pes FWov `
Ww Xmdmn sImSppw. t\mns
Fm ]mXehpw Ah hon k
oIcnpsImSppambncpp. ]pdv
Bcpw AdnbcpXv, AXmbncpp Ah
cpsS \ne]mSv: "tImfPv PohnXw Ign
DSs\bp Fs daZm. apIfn
se \nebnse _mWntbmSv tN
p Hcp apdn F\nmbn Hgnnncn
pIbmbncpp. AhnsSbmsWs ]T
\w. Ckvvemans\pdnv IqSpX A
dnbm Rm B thf D]tbmKsSp
n. ]I apgph\pw IzpBs hn
iZoIcWw hmbnm\pw ap hnjb
]Tnm\pw sNehgnp. B Zn\
fmWv F\nv Cpw DuPw ]Icp
Xv.' ^mXzna ]dpshp.
daZm tIhew ]I apgpsbp
]nWnInSa, XnIsf sNdp
ptXm]nm\pw Bobamb im
nbpsS \\hv A\p`hnm\pap A
hkcw IqSnbmWv. kzw Xm]cy
sf amnshm ]cnioenptm a
phs\pdnv Nnnm a\v X
mdmIpw. `Ww e`nm Fmhn
A m g n \m bn Rm s\ Wo p. F n epw H pw I gn m
km[nn. A Adnm {]iv\amIpw. AXn\m A
]w shw IpSnv hopw InSp. ]Xnhpt]mse tImfPnte
v, tImfPn\nv Xncnv hontev. cmhnse Ww Ign
msX t]mbXn\m sshInv Xncnsnbtm A Ign
m\mbn \n_np. Nmnbpw Idnbpw Fs apn
hnfn hp. hnipw Zmlhpw Fs hcnpapdppp
mbncpp. Fnepw Rm t\mpImcnbmWv Fv Dn
epdnp. AtbmSv Hv {^jmbnphcmsav ]dv apdn
bn Ibdn hmXneSp.
2013 sk]vw_ 38
[ kmlNcyfpw Dmbnpw tZtl
Iv hgmsX ]nSnp\nm
hnizmkw lrZbn cqVaqeambh
t km[nq. abw ]dp: "`
Wns hne Rm icnpw a\n
emn. tImfPntev t]mIptm A
bpsS \n_n\v A]w am{Xw
Ignv tn AtX]Sn _mnbmn
HmSmdmWv ]Xnhv. Nnetm mkv I
gnm ]pdp\npw hXpw hm
nnpIgnpw. honsenbmepw `
Ww Ignm\p AbpsS hnfn
sb Ku\nmdn ]etmgpw. Fm
t\mv Fs Iv Xpdnp. Ckvv em
ans\pdnp ]T\ImeLnem
Wv Fs BZy t\mv. daZm BKX
ambtm t\mv ]nSnphm\p B
{Klhpw Ieiembn.'
Rm Hmp abw Fs hnfn
Znhkw. Ahv t\mv ]nSn
Ww. Fs\ Fdnbn. ImcWw C
kvv emans\pdndnbpXv HcI kp
lrn\npamWv. ]T\thfbnse
tmtgm Ah ]ncnp. ]ns B
sIbp apkvvenw kplrv Rm am
{XamWv. abw XpSp: "BbnibpsS
\ntZi{]Imcw Amgn\mbn Rm
s\Wop. Fnepw Hpw Ignm km
[nn. A Adnm {]iv \amIpw.
AXn\m A]w shw IpSnv ho
pw InSp. ]Xnhpt]mse tImfPn
tev, tImfPn\nv Xncnv honte
v. cmhnse `Ww IgnmsX t]m
bXn\m sshInv Xncnsnbtm
A Ignm\mbn \n_np. Nm
nbpw Idnbpw Fs apn hnfn
hp. hnipw Zmlhpw Fs hcnp
apdpppmbncpp. Fnepw Rm
t\mpImcnbmWv Fv Dnepdnp.
AtbmSv Hv {^jmbnphcmsav ]
dv apdnbn Ibdn hmXneSp. ]
cnkchmknIfmcpw apkv v enwIfmXp
sImpXs _mns t\ iw
t]mepw FhnsS\npw tImdn. G
ItZi kabw Iedn t\mn t\m
v Xpdmsav IcpXn ASpfbnte
tmSnbtm A hnen. kabw
kybmWv , kymkabv `Ww
Ignm ]mSn Fv! "At, hni
pp' Fv BWbnv ]dpt\m
n. C{Xbpw kabw FhnsSbmbncpp
Fmbn AbpsS tNmZyw. Rm a\
n ]dp, "F\nv t\mmbncp
p'.
]ns `Ww e`npXv Fv a
WntbmSSpptmgmWv. icnpw `
Wns hne Xncndnp.'
hninsbpw Zmlnsbpw {]
bmk a\nemptmgmWv ap
hcpsS thZ\sb \apv Xncndn
bm km[npI. F{Xtbm _menI
am ssIppfpambn \ncneq
sS Aebpp. HXpnshm apSn
bpw Iodndn hkv{Xhpambn \p
sS t\v Znhtk\ F{X ssII
\ofpp. ssk\_v(d)bpsS amKw \m
tamtcmcpcpw PohnXn ]In
bm kv{XoIv \ coXnbn kaq
ln amapmm km[npw. X
s sNdnb hcpam\n\npw ]Ww
kzcq]nv Zm\[an\mbn sNehgn
ssk\_v(d) Fpw apkvv enw h\n
XIv {]tNmZ\amWv. AXpsImp
Xs kwkmcat[y ssk\_v(d)sb
Rm HmasSpn.
Ckvv emw kzoIcnhv BZy d
aZm aXntev IqSpX ASpm
\p amKamWv. A\p{KloXamb Hm
tcm cm]IepIfpw Xopw \ coXn
bn D]tbmKsSpm km[npw.
tamb kwkmcn\npw {]h
\fn\npw ]qWambpw amdn
\npXnt\m anIsmcp ]cn
ioe\w, Xs `mhn Ckv emanI Pohn
Xn\v ]pXphnizmkn(\n)v e`nm
\ptm? \mhv Fv ]dbWw Fv
NpcpnbXv cv XhWsbnepw B
temNnv am{Xw hmpI Dcnp
t\mpImcs a\n kzm`mhnIam
bpw imn IpanpIqSpw. AXnt\
m kmbqPyw asn\mWpXv!
kpa AhfpsS BZy daZms\p
dnv ]dXv Hma hcpp. daZm\p
sXmpapp amknembncpp A
h Ckv v emw kzoIcnXv . Iam\pjv Tm
\ Hmtcmmbn ]Tnphcp ka
bw. daZms t{ijvTXIsfpdnv hm
bnpw IqSmsX kplrpfn\npw
a\knemnbpw Ah BZy daZm\n
s BZy Znhkntev ImseSpp
shp: "Zriyam[yafpsS DucmIpSp
ns]v Pohn Bfmbncpp Rm.
IWfn kwKoX km{amb ]mp
IfpsS CucSnI Cm Hcp Znh
kw t]mepw `mh\bn ImWm km
[nncpn. Fm daZm ]qW
ambpw Fs ]pXnb temIntev
\bnp. Xopw Rm\nv ktmj
hXnbmWv.' kpa ]dpshp.
kabw aKv cn_nt\mSSpp. t\m
v Xpdm kabambn. Hmtcmcp
cmbn taicnIn CSw ]nSnp. Su
Wns _lfmconepw _msm
en sas RfpsS ^vfmntev A
cnpIbdn. Cugns Ipfna
bn hopw Hcp t\mpXpd. ]ecp
sSbpw IpI Cud\Wnbppv . F
mbncnpw AhcpsS a\n? t\m
pImc\v cv ktmjapv Ft
{]hmNIhN\w, Hv t\mv Xpdp
tmgpw asmv Amlphns\ Ip
apptmgpw!
2013 sk]vw_ 39
HmKv ew kvt\lkwhmZn
apkvX^m Xho FgpXnb "tIc
fob bpnhmZns ]cmPbw: ]mT
hpw ]T\hpw' F apJteJ\amWv
Cu {]XnIcWn\v t{]cIw. teJI
FgpXpp: "hkv Xp\njv Tamb ]co
W\ncoW hgn {]]s
a\nemphm\p imkv{Xob ]cn
{iafpsS hnhIcamb XpSw bq
tdmn kw`hnpXv Keoentbm K
eoenbneqsSbmWv. Atlns Po
hnXw ss{IkvXh k`bpsS ]oU\
fm c]neambncppshv Fm
hpw Adnbmw. ss__n ssZhnI
{KamsWv hnizknncp Itm
enm k`, imkv{Xobamb At\zj
W ss__nfns {]]hniZoI
cWns ap\sbmSnpsav `bs
v imkv{XKthjWv hnet
sSpnbncp Ccp ImeLambn
cpp AXv. Keoentbmbpw {_qtWm
bpaSap At\Iw imkv{X
am CIznknj tImSXnhn[nIfpsS
CcIfmbnoXns k`w AXm
bncpp. k`bpsS imk\ItfmSv sIm
ptImpw t]mcmSnbpamWv bqtdm
n imkv{Xw hfXpw b{hI
{]XnIcWw
\thmm\ns
]qhNcn{Xw hnkvacncpXv
keo Apdlvam, Xncphmen ! !! !!
aXtmSv t]mcmSmsX Xs
a[yIme apkv enw temIv im
kv{Xhpw \thmm\hpw hf
Xns\pdnpw AXv bqtdm
]y \thmm\ns Du
Pt{kmXmbXns\pdnpw
teJI ]cmainWambn
cpp Fv tXmpp. Izp
B\ns XWenemWv apkvenw
temIv imkv {X]ptcmKXnbp
mbXv FXpsImpXs
AXn\v a\pjyhncpamb ]
cnWnXnIfpmbn F Im
cyw AXyw {itbamWv. a
e bm fo s]m Xp k aq l s
Cu bmYmYys kw_n
v IqSXembn sXcysSpm
CkvemanI {]t_m[Iv
_m [y X bp v .
2013 sk]vw_ 40
cWhpw hymhkmbnI hnhhpw Dm
bXpw. ]ptcmlnXaXns\Xncn bp
n t\Snb hnPbambncpp Xobm
bpw CXv. bqtdmnse km[mcW a\p
jycpsS PohnXn\v ]pXnb Xpdp
I \Inb Cu hnPbw, kzm`mhnI
ambpw Xzimkv {Xns cwKv bp
nbpsS henb BtLmjn\nSbm
n. Cu BtLmjnan \nm
Wv \ncoizchmZw B[p\nIbpKn
Bbp[ kzoIcnXpw "bpnhm
Zw' F ]pXnb Ipmbw Xbv ]nXpw.'
(]pdw 10). "aXnsbpw kZmNmcn
sbpw A\mhiy \nb{WfpsS
sIps]mnv a\pjy imkv {Xns
bpw bpnbpsSbpw ssI]nSnv \Sm
\mcw`n "kpckptaml\amb' Ime
amWv \ptSsXv ]sm]Xmw \q
mn "B[p\nIX'bpsS sskmn
I {]tLmjnp, Ccp]Xmw \qmn
B[p\nIX ]qWX {]m]nv a\p
jy ktmjwsImv XpnmSpIbm
bncnpsav Ah {]hNnp. bpn
hmZnIfmbncpp B[p\nIXbpsS B
hnizmk Ghpw Bmam
bn ]pshXv. ZpcnXv apgph
ImcWw aXamsWv a\nemn
bh aXs hnv bpnsb ]pWcm
cm{t\Xm kamIptXm
SpIqSn kam[m\w ]pecpsav a\n
emnbXv kzm`mhnIambncpp. Fn
spmbn Ccp]Xmw \qmn? c
v temI almbpfpmbn, cv
AWpt_mw_v hnkv t^mS\fpmbn,
Fa A[n\nthifpmbn, òI
camb ]mcnnXnI Zpcfpmbn,
Fbv Uv kpw Ft_mfbpapmbn, \mkn
khpw Hmjv hnv kpapmbn, djybnepw
ssN\bnepw Iwt_mUnbbnepw apam
bn IyqWnkv pIfpsS t\XrXzn
AXn{Iqcamb \cta[fpmbn... A
s\ t]mIpp Ncn{Xw \Ip D
cw. B[p\nIXbpsS hmKvZm\
s]mbmbncppshv temIw Xncn
dnbm\mcw`nXv Cu A\p`hfneq
sSbmWv. [am[asf kw_n
Aht_m[amhiyanm tIhesam
cp Pphmbn a\pjys\ ]cnanXs
Spnb ùXnIhmZZi\fmWv "B
[p\nIX' kw`mh\ sNbv X "arKobX'I
fpsS apgph \nansav Xpd a
\p _pnPohnI Ccp]Xmw \q
mns ]IpXn ]nntm Xs
AwKoIcnpXpSnbncpp.'(]pdw 26).
cp {][m\s ImcyfmWv
Cu DcWnIfn kaYnsncnp
Xv. Itmenm {InkvXpaXtmSv
t]mcmSnsmmWv bqtdmn imkv
{Xw hfXpw \thmm\apmbXpw
FXmWv HmatXv. AXns ^
tem I \ thm m \ {] m \
n\v Aaqey kw`mh\If
n C kv v em an s {] k n
t_m[]qhw AhKWnpI
am{Xa, Ahsb AhaXnp
Ibpw sNp inI ]
e ]mmXy cmPyfnepw h
fpsImncnpp {]tXy
Inpw 9/11 \ptijap Ata
cn bn . bp. F kv . km {am
PyXzns \hbmYmnXn
I Xm]cy BtKmfXe
n kwcnm\p B
kq{XnX APUbpsS `mKam
WnsXv {]ikvX NnI\pw
FgppImc\pamb alvvaqZv aw
Zm\nbpsS Good Muslim, Bad
Muslim (Permanent Black,
2010) F cN\bn A]{K
Y\mIambn N sNbvXn
pv.
2013 sk]vw_ 41
eambn B[p\nI Nnv aXhncp
amb sNcnhpIfpmbn Fv teJI
NqnmWnpp. cmas D
cWnbnepXv B[p\nIXbpsS a
Xhntcm[w temIpmno
sISpXnIsf kw_nmWv . HcYn
cp hnai\fmWv ChnsS D
bnsncnpXv. HmatXv {In
kvXpaXsbpw cmasXv bpn
hmZsbpw {]Xnqn \npp.
Cu cv BZifpsS Zmi\nI Zu
_eysf AXv shfnsSpppv .
Fm, C{Xbpw ]d Iqn a
XtmSv t]mcmSmsX Xs a[yIme
apkv enw temIv imkv {Xhpw \thm
m\hpw hfXns\pdnpw AXv
bqtdm]y \thmm\ns DuP
t{kmXmbXns\pdnpw teJI ]
cmainWambncpp Fv tXmp
p. IzpB\ns XWenemWv apkv
enw temIv imkv {X]ptcmKXnbpm
bXv FXpsImpXs AXn\v a\p
jyhncpamb ]cnWnXnIfpmbn F
Imcyw AXyw {itbamWv. ae
bmfo s]mXpkaqls Cu bmYm
Yys kw_nv IqSXembn sXcy
sSpm Ckv emanI {]t_m[Iv
_m[yXbpv. 2013 G{]n \mens
amXr`qan Bgv NXnn Fw. ]n. ho
tc{Ipam Cmcy at\mlcam
bn FgpXnbnpv. A]w ZoLsa
nepw Ahbnse ]cmai Gsd
{]kamWv. Atlw FgpXn:
""temI \thmm\{]m\n\v
Aaqey kw`mh\Ifn Ckvv eman
s {]kn t_m[]qhw AhKWn
pI am{Xa, Ahsb AhaXnpI
bpw sNp inI ]e ]mm
Xy cmPyfnepw hfpsImncnp
p {]tXyInpw 9/11 \ptijap A
tacnbn. bp. Fkv. km{amPyXzn
s \hbmYmnXnI Xm]cy
BtKmfXen kwcnm\p
Bkq{XnX APUbpsS `mKamWnsX
v {]ikv X NnI\pw FgppImc
\pamb alvv aqZv awZm\nbpsS Good Mus-
lim, Bad Muslim (Permanent Black, 2010)
F cN\bn A]{KY\mIambn
N sNbv Xnpv . am\hcminpw tem
I kam[m\n\pw òjWnbpbp
Hcp Iqw òIc {]hIcpsS t]
cn temIkwkv IrXnv almb kw
`mh\I \Inb Hcp aXhn`mKs
HSw òIchmZnIfmbn Nn{XoIcnp
Xv Ghpw anXambn ]dm A
kw_amWv.
Ncn{XmfpI ]cntim[nm
bqtdm]y \thmm\n\v ASn
d ]mInbXv CkvvemanI ]nXcpw Zm
i\nIcpw imkv {XamcpamsWv
hyamIpw. imkv{Xobhpw kKm
Ihpw _unIhpamb kakv X taJ
eIfnepw \qmpIpappXs
Ah \nWmbI kzm[o\w sNepn.
AmepXs Ckv v emanI kwkv Ir
Xn temIns AwKoImcw t\Snbn
cpp. AXmIs \h NnmkcWnI
fpsSbpw kKmI _unI hf
bpsSbpw Aacsmscv Duw sIm
ncp ]mmXycmPyv ANn
\obhpw. kmaph lnMvSs "Z
Un t_mU Hm^v Ckvvemw' F
]cmaiw \thmm\ {]m\ns
CkvvemanI kw`mh\Isf Htckabw
XakvIcnpIbpw AhaXnpIbpw
sNpXns Hcp DZmlcWamWv.
t]gv ky, tdmam km{amPyfpsS
]X\hpw kvs]bn\ns ta Ckvvemw
tem I N cn {X n X
s hnm\ns
alXzw DZvtLmjnp
Xmbncpp hnip
Jp B s A h X c
Ww. ln dm Kp l bn
{]hmNI aplZv \
_nv Pn_vcoen \n
v e`n Znhykti
ns BZy hN\w
X s "C Jv d Av ' (\o
hm bn p I) F Xm
Wv. AXv Ad_nIfpsS
A t\z j W Xz c bv v
Bw Iqn. apkvvenw
IfmWv ]ucmWnIB
[p\nI kwkvIm
nSbnep ]meambn
hnXv.
2013 sk]vw_ 42
B[n]Xyw m]nXpw apkvv enw ]
WvUnXamcpsS _unI kmwkvIm
cnI NnI ]pdwtemItv kw
{IanpXn\v ]mesamcpn. ap
kvv enw B[n]Xyhpw bqtdmns B
hn`mhhpw B ImeLnse \n
WmbI hgnncnhmbncpp. XpSp
Av iXI Cu inI
Xnep XpSbmb kwL\fp
sS Ncn{XamWv. F.Un 711 hnkntKm
v lnkvv ]m\nb apkvv enwI IogSn
bXns\ XpSv 1215 eo ss{I
kv Xh {]m\w Iment^n\pta k
nbnm bpw {]Jym]np. blqZa
Xw, {Inkv XpaXw Fo aXtfmSp
klIcWnepw klnjv WpXbnepw
A[njvTnXamb hnime hoWap
'apkvvenw A Aeqkv' AYhm ap
kvvenw kvs]bn ]ndhnsbSpXv Cu
kmlNcynemWv. Fm ]ccm
KX {]`pXzw, aX]camb Aklnjv Wp
X, \ncc bpw, ASnaw Fnh
bnemWv CkvvemanI hncp \ne]msS
Sp bqtdmv DunbXv.
tdmam km{amPyns ]X\w ]
na bqtdm]y `qJnt\ I\
smcp XncnSnbmbncpp. Zmcn{Zyhpw
\nccXbpw A{Iamkamb Gp
apepIfpw B {]tZins apJap{Z
Ifmbn. AtXkabw Ad_v kwkvIr
Xn AXypXfntev hfcpIbpw sN
bvXp. _mKvZmZnsebpw Atymnse
bqtdmnepmbncp sshm\nI c
N\I GXm\pw Uk thmfyfn
am{Xw HXpnbtm _mKvZmZv sse{_
dnbn hnhn[ hnjbsf ]pckvIcnv
Ghpw NpcpnbXv \mepew Aaqey
{Kfpmbncpp. alm\mb B
{Ûv cmPmhv {_n\n `cWw \Snbn
cp AtX ImeLn (844899) apkvv
enw kvs]bn\n ]pkvXI hnXcWw \S
nbncp {Kmeb {]hnn
cppshv tIptm AXv Ahniz
k\obambn tXmmw.
2013 sk]vw_ 43
bpw t]gvky \Kcfnsebpw at[y
jybnsebpw apkv v enw kv s]bn\nsebpw
imkv{Xob aptns Hcwisan
epw Dsmm `mKyapmb bqtdm
]y hwiPv kakvX taJeIfn
epw CkvvemanI cmPy ssIhcnp
sImncp t\ hnizknm\m
bn.
CkvvemanI \mSpIfnse Zmi\n
Icpw KWnXcpw tPymXn imkv{X
cpw {]m]nI kXy Is
n temIn\papn AhXcnn
m AoWw bXv\npsImncp
p. msmhnsbpw Acntmnens
bpw Zi\ Ah IqSpX A]
{KY\mIambn N sNpIbpw ]
TnpIbpw sNbvXp. AXn \nm
Pn AdnhneqsS {]]ns D
dIfntev Ah At\zjW ]cXbp
sS shfnw {]kcnnp.
temINcn{Xn Xs hnm
\ns alXzw DZvtLmjnpXm
bncpp hnip JpBs AhXc
Ww. lndm Kplbn {]hmNI apl
Zv \_nv Pn_v coen \nv e`n
Znhyktins BZy hN\w X
s "CJv dAv' (\o hmbnpI) F
XmWv. ""\ns krn \mYs \ma
n, Hcp amwk]nn\n
tbm Ah \ns krnXv. t]\
sImv ]Tnn DZmc\mb cnXmhn
s \man hmbnq. a\pjy\v A
dnhnmXv Ah ]Tnnp.'' (kqd
p Jew JpB)... AXmIs,
Ad_nIfpsS At\zjWXzcbvv B
w Iqn. apkvvenwIfmWv ]ucmWnI
B[p\nI kwkvImnSbnep
]meambn hnXv.
Amev _mKvZmZnse {Kme
bw AdnbsXv "Adnhns Bebw'
Fmbncpp. CXv m]nXv Ckvv
emanI temIw I Fmesbpw
{]ivX `cWm[nImcnIfn Hcmfmbncp
_mKvZmZnse Ggmas Amkn
Uv Jeo^ A_p Pm^ Ap A
aAv aq Bbncpp. Atlw 9mw
\qmn Pohnp. Atlns ]n
Xmhv Gsd {]ikv X\mbncp lmdq
A djoZv, Ad_nYIfnse H
cp apJy IYm]m{Xambncpp. F. Un.
813 A[nImcn h aAvaq\m
bncpp Ad_nIv hnm\ hk
"Ccp bpK'fn mkn ]mnXys Im
pkqnpXn apkvvenw kvs]bn\ns kw`m
h\I Gsdmew appXs AwKoIcnsnp
v. ]pcmX\ {Kov tdma kwkvImcfpsS k
kzmwioIcnv ]cncnpI am{Xa, apkvvenw
kvs]bn\nse ]nXam AXns\ hymJym\np
Ibpw hnIknnpIbpw sNpIbpmbn. AXn
\p]pdsa, imkv{Xw, tPymXnimkv{Xw, KWnXimkv
{Xw, BPn{_, sshZyimkv{Xw, Huj[imkv{Xw,
\b\imkv{Xw, ImjnIimkv{Xw, hmkvXpin]w,
\nbaw, Ncn{Xw, ssZhimkv{Xw, kwKoXw XpSnb
a\pjy hym]cn Fm taJeIfnepw Ah \n
oaamb kw`mh\I \IpIbpw sNbvXp.
n\v hgnsXfnXv... AmknUv J
eoâmpthn {]kvXpX {Km
ebn A\amb ]T\fpw K
thjWfpw \SpsImncpp. bq
tdmnepmbncp sshm\nI c
N\I GXm\pw Uk thmfyfn
am{Xw HXpnbtm _mKvZmZv
sse{_dnbn hnhn[ hnjbsf ]p
ckv Icnv Ghpw NpcpnbXv \mep
ew Aaqey {Kfpmbncpp.
alm\mb B{Ûv cmPmhv {_n\n
`cWw \Snbncp AtX Ime
Ln (844899) apkvvenw kvs]bn
\n ]pkv XI hnXcWw \Snbncp
{Kmeb {]hnncppsh
v tIptm AXv Ahnizk\o
bambn tXmmw.
bqtdm]yam, Ckvv emanI cmPy
sXnsc ccqnXamb Ipcnip
bp \Snbncptm t]mepw
hnm\ZmlnIfmb GXm\pw {Inkv
Xob ]nX Ad_v cmPyfnse
n AhnSfnse {KpcIfn A
dnhn\pthnbp At\zjWfnte
2013 sk]vw_ 44
sp. Ah CkvvemanI ]X
amcpambn kw`mjWfpw kwhmZ
fpw \Sn. AXns êambn Ah
v e`nXv imkv{X, sshZyimkv{X, Z
i\ kw_nIfmb Adnhns A
bJ\nIfmbncpp. bYmn
bqtdm]y \thmm\n\v iam
b ASnd ]mInbXv Cu \hmPnX
hnm\amWv.
... C_vv A lmw, C_v kn
\ (Ahnsk), A Xqkn, AJ
hmcnkv an XpSnb {]Xn`mimenI im
kv{Xw, sshZyimkv{Xw, KWnXimkv
{Xw, tPymXnimkv {Xw Fo taJeI
fn krnXv Amev Nnnm
t]mepamIm hnhfmbncpp.
kXyn, AhcmWv sFkIv \yq
, tIm \nkv XpSnb Htsd
]mmXy ]nXamv \hssh
m\nIXbntep ]mXsbmcpn
bXv. alm\mb kpsseam XpSnb
alm {]Xn`mimenIfn\nv {]tNmZ
\apsmv , aXklnjv WpXbneqsS
_unImt\zjWsf Ah t{]m
mlnnp. kmlnXyw, Ie, hmkv
Xpin]w Fnhsb ]pckvIcnv A
d_v cmPyfn Amev cNn
s {]uV {Ksf hnkvabIc
hpw Ahnizk\obhpsat hntijn
nm\mhq.
FpapX 15mw \qmphscbp
Fqdphjmev kvs]bn\n
\ne\n CkvvemanI kmaqlnI{I
asbpw kwkv Imcsbpw Ipdnv hn
eIpdpImWm\p kwLSnX \ow
BtKmfXenepmbnpv . Fm,
"Ccp bpK'fn mkn ]m
nXys ImpkqnpXn ap
kvvenw kvs]bn\ns kw`mh\I G
sdmew appXs AwKoIcns
npv. ]pcmX\ {Kov tdma kw
kvImcfpsS k kzmwioIcnv ]
cncnpI am{Xa, apkvvenw kvs]
bn\nse ]nXam AXns\ hym
Jym\npIbpw hnIknnpIbpw sN
pIbpmbn. AXn\p]pdsa, imkv {Xw,
tPymXnimkv{Xw, KWnXimkv{Xw, B
Pn{_ (CsXmcp Ad_n ]ZamWv),
sshZyimkv {Xw, Huj[imkv {Xw, \b
\imkv {Xw, ImjnIimkv {Xw, hmkv Xp
in]w, \nbaw, Ncn{Xw, ssZhimkv
{Xw, kwKoXw XpSnb a\pjy hym
]cn Fm taJeIfnepw Ah \n
oaamb kw`mh\I \IpIbpw
sNbvXp.
Ashtdmkpw Ashkqdpw A
hnskbpw sshZyimkv{X ]T\n
epw NnInbnepw Amev ANn
\obamb am krnhcmWv.
t]gvkymc\mb Ahnsk, a[yIm
eLnse hniz{]kvX\msbmcp `n
jKzc am{Xa alm\msbmcp Zmi
\nI\pw IqSnbmbncpp. F. Un 980
embncpp Atlns P\\w. A
hnsk cNn sshZyimkv {X {Kw,
17mw \qmphscbp 600 hjm
ew CkvemanI cmPyfn am{Xa,
bqtdm]y \mSpIfnepw {]kvXpX hn
jbnse B[nImcnI cN\bmbn \n
e\np. ]e sshm\nI taJeI
sfbpw Ipdnv ]mmXytemIw Adn
bpXn\v \qdpIWn\v hjv
appXs CkvvemanI ]nXam
Ahbn AhKmlw t\Snbncpp.
]mw \qmn sImtUm_bm
bncpp bqtdmnse Ghpw kwkvIm
c kamb \Kcw. ChnsSbmbncp
p Aeqknse `cWm[nImcnbmbn
cp A_vvZpdlvvam 785786 Imev
\nan sImtUm_bnse henb ]
n. 11 CS\mgnI, 152 henb kvXq]
, Hctb hnkv XrXn Cu
]nbpsS \nanXn \nXyhnkvabw X
s. ]nhfn\v Hmdp acfSw
]eXcw hr lcnXm` ]Ip.
ssN\bn\nv ISemkv \nn
t]gvkymc\mb C_v\pko\, a[yImeLnse
hniz{]kvX\msbmcp `njKzc am{Xa, alm\msbm
cp Zmi\nI\pw IqSnbmbncpp. F. Un 980embncp
p Atlns P\\w. C_v\pko\ cNn ssh
Zyimkv{X {Kw, 17mw \qmphscbp 600 h
jmew Ckv emanI cmPyfn am{Xa, bqtdm
]y \mSpIfnepw {]kvXpX hnjbnse B[nIm
cnI cN\bmbn \ne\np.
2013 sk]vw_ 45
p kmtXnIhnZy apkv v enw temIw,
Aapkvv enw bqtdmnt\m \m\qdp
hjpapv BPnncpp. C
XmWv sshm\nIcwKv aptdm
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I bqtdmv DuwsImp t\
v Ah ISsncnpXv apkvvenw
kvs]bn\nt\mSmWv FXv Hcp Ncn
{X hkv XpXbmWv. \bX{w, kzX{
hym]mcw, AmZaob KthjWw, \c
hwi imkv{Xw, ]eXcw Huj[,
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, D]Nmc{Ia Fnh hscbp
h "\KcnIfpsS \Kcn'sbp hntijn
nsncp kv s]bn\nse ]ucmWn
I CkvvemanI kwkvImcns kw
`mh\IfmWv.
B[p\nI imkv{Xw ]mmXy cm
{fpsS kw`mh\bmsWmWv s]
sv Bcpw IcpXntmhpI. AXv A
_PUneamsbmcp ioens {]iv
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h sshm\nI, kKmI, kmwkv
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ns ]n_en KthjWm
Iambn AhXcnnnpv. sXmb ]
e ap[mcWIsfbpw tUm. Bcn^v
Aen bpn\njvTambn Xncpppap
v. sshZyimkv{Xns ]nXmhv {Ko
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p t\v Ah IS
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nh hscbph "\KcnIfp
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sncp kvs]bn\nse ]ucm
Wn I C kv v em an I kw kv Im c
ns kw`mh\IfmWv.
cnpp.
Fm, imkv {XobsshZyns
PtKlamWv {Kokv F [mcWbpw
lntm{Imkv sshZyimkv{Xns
]nXmsh \nebvp B[nImcnI
Xbpw sXfnhpIfpsS shfnn tNm
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2013 sk]vw_ 46
XpIm B[p\nI sshZyimkv {Xn
\v bmsXmcp kw`mh\bpw \Inbnn
spw lntm{ImkmWv sshZyimkv
{Xns ]nXmshpap ]mmXy
[mcWI hneyw Hm, Kmcnk Xp
Snb Ncn{XImcamcpsS cN\IfpsS
êambn Cv XIsncnpp.
lntm{Imkv sshZyw ]TnXv CuPn
]v Xnse `njKzcamcn\nmsW h
kv XpXIfpw Cu kmlNcyn {]
tXyI ]cnKW\blnpp.
... bYmn GsXnepsam
cp kwkvIrXnv XXzNnbpsS Hcp
_lnkv^pcWsa \nebn ssh
]mw \qmn Pohn A klvdmhnsbsm
cp apkvvenw kP cq]I\ sNbvX ikv{X{In
bm D]IcWfpsS bYm cq]ntem amXrI
bntem DhbmWv Cv \nehnep D]IcW
. In, An apdnp D]IcWw, sImSn,
t\{Xikv{X{Inbp sNdnb I{XnI XpSnb
h klvvdmhn Ip]nSnXmWv. IqSmsX 200 ikv{X
{Inbm D]IcWfn ]eXpw Atlw cq]I
]\ sNbvXXmsWv ImWm {]bmkansv hn
ZKv[ A`n{]mbsnpv. ikv{X{Inbbn D]tbm
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vKv Ip]nSnXv ]p\qmntesdmew apv
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s\ ApXsSmXncnpw!
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Xyambpw AlXbpXv ]pcmX\ Cu
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{]mNo\Imev Cu apXnhcn\n
v AXv ISsaSp {KopIm.
Ncn{XtcJI sInapmpXn
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I bqtdm]yamcmWv, AmsX {Kov
XzNnIc, Cu Ncn{XhkvXpX
sb \ntj[nnpXv FmWv tUm.
Aen \nconpXv.
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kv Fdnbs t]jymc\mb A
sanpw ckX{\pw sshZy
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lZv C_v kcnb dmknbmWv A
td_y ImeLnse Ghpw {]i
kvX\mb `njKzc Fv Ncn{XImc
am tcJsSpnbnpv. Atlw
_KvZmZv Bip]{Xnbnse apJysshZy
\pw _mKvZmZnse Jeo^bmb A ap
m^nkns `cWImev (901 907)
sImmcw sshZy\pambncpp. Cdm\n
se dmn 865 F. Unbn P\n A
tlw F. Un 925 Acnp. ssh
Zyw, Bsan, XXzNn Fo a
efn dmkn hnetbdnb kw`mh\
I \Inbnpv. Ahsbmw 184 ]p
kv XIfnepw {]_fnepambn tc
JsSpsncnpp.
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\pw Bbncp C_vv A lmw Bbn
cpp IntemWv {]Imiw IbdpXv A
msX In\nv DhnpX {]Imiw
Fv BZyw XncndnXv. Cu AdnhneqsS
bmWv BZys ]ntlm Iymad Atlw
cq]I]\ sNpXv. Iymad H_vkvIyqd F
]Zw Xs Ad_nbnse Ccp apdn F
w hcp "Jzmad' F hmn\nmWv
DZv `hnpXv .
2013 sk]vw_ 47
Atln\v t]jy, {Kov, C
y sshZyimkv {Xfn AKm[am
b ]mnXyapmbncp p. \yqtdmk
Pdnbnepw H^vXmtamfPnbnepw ]p
Xnb ]mX shnsfnbn `njKzc {]
Xn`bmWtlw. AtlamWv hkqcn
tcmKns BZys hnhcWw \
InbXv. Fssktm]oUnb {_nm\n
(1911) tcmKw Xncndnbm\p B
hnhcWw AwKoIcnp.
Cybnse sshZy k{Zmbn
, apkvvenw `cWm[nImcnIv hen
b Xm]cyapmbncpp. Jp{km cm
Pmhv Xs cmPkZnse ]nX
amscbpw sshZyintcmaWnIsfbpw C
ybntebv, kwkvIrXn hnc
NnXamb sshZyimkv {X{K sIm
phcm\mbn \ntbmKnncpXn\p sX
fnhpv. {]kvXpX B[nImcnI {K
t]gvky, kndnb `mjIfnte
v hnh\w sNsp. hnhn[ hn
jbfnep \nch[ {K A
tlns {Kimebnepmbncp
p.
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X', "AmwKlrZbw', "kntImiw' Xp
Snb \nch[n {]mamWnI Bbpth
Z IrXnI Ad_nbntev `mjm
cw sNsp. "^nZukp lnIv av'
(hnm\ns kzKw) F {]kn
amb IrXnbpsS cNbnXmhmb A
Xn_cn Xs BZy A[ymbw XpSp
XpXs BbpthZns D
nsbpdnv {]Xn]mZnpsImmWv.
]mw \qmn Pohn A
klvdmhnsbsmcp apkvvenw kP
cq]I\ sNbvX ikv{X{Inbm D]
IcWfpsS bYm cq]ntem am
XrIbntem DhbmWv Cv \nehn
ep D]IcW. In, An ap
dnp D]IcWw, sImSn, t\{Xi
kv{X{Inbp sNdnb I{XnI XpS
nbh klv v dmhn Ip]nSnXmWv . Iq
SmsX 200 ikv{X{Inbm D]IcWfn
]eXpw Atlw cq]I]\ sNbv
XXmsWv ImWm {]bmkansv hn
ZKv [ A`n{]mbsnpv. ikv{X{Inb
bn D]tbmKnp icocn ebn
ptNcpXcw \qemb Imv Kv Ip]nSn
Xv ]p\qmntesdmew apv Pohn
klv v dmhnbmsWv tIptm F
s\ ApXsSmXncnpw...
]mw \qmn Pohn KWnX
imkv {X\pw tPymXnimkv {X
\pw {]IrXnimkv {X\pw Bbncp
C_vv A lmw Bbncpp In
temWv {]Imiw IbdpXv AmsX
In\nv DhnpX {]Imiw
Fv BZyw XncndnXv. Cu Adn
hneqsSbmWv BZys ]ntlm Iym
ad Atlw cq]I]\ sNpXv.
Iymad H_v kv Iyqd F ]Zw Xs
Ad_nbnse Ccp apdn Fw
hcp "Jzmad' F hmn\nmWv
DZv`hnpXv.
]Xnaqmw \qmn Pohn C
_v \^nkn F `njKzc hneyw
lmhntbm 300 hjpapv
cNw{IaWspdnv hniZoIcnn
cpp. Idppw aZyhpw tN an{inX
ap]tbmKnv ikv {X{Inbmthfbn tcm
KnIsf t_m[clnXcmm\p kt
Xhpw apkvv enw tUmam hnIknn
sSpncpp. Xnanc ikv {X{Inbbv v
s]mbmb kqNn D]tbmKnp co
Xnbpw Amev {]Nmcnepmbn
cpp.
FtUzUv Pdpw, eqbn ]mdp
amWv tcmK{]Xntcm[ Ipnshv I
p]nSnsXmWv imkv {XtemIw Aw
KoIcnnpsXnepw AXv hkvXpX
Iv \ncpX. Cu kwhn[m\w
]mmXytemIv \nehn hcpXn
FtUzUv Pdpw, eqbn ]mdpamWv tcm
K{]Xntcm[ Ipnshv Ip]nSnsXm
Wv imkv{XtemIw AwKoIcnnpsXn
epw AXv hkvXpXIv \ncpX. Cu
kwhn[m\w ]mmXytemIv \nehn h
cpXn\v 50 hjpapv Xpnbn
{]Nmcnepmbncpp. Amev A
XnamcIsav hntijnnIsncp hkq
cn tcmKns\Xnsc ]iphn \nsSpp
"Iu t]mIvkv' F {]Xntcm[ emb\n
hnIknnsSpv AXv a\pjycn Ipn
shp NnInmcoXn Xpnbnse `nj
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\v 50 hjpapv Xpnbn
{]Nmcnepmbncpp. Amev
AXnamcIsav hntijnnIsncp
hkqcn tcmKns\Xnsc ]iphn \n
sSpp "Iu t]mIvkv' F {]Xn
tcm[ emb\n hnIknnsSpv AXv
a\pjycn Ipnshp NnInm
coXn Xpnbnse `njKzcam {]m
hnIamnbncpp. Ckv Xmqfnse
{_nojv m\]XnbpsS ]Xv\n 1724
Cu NnInmcoXn e\nsen
p. XpSmWXv bqtdmn {]Nmcw t\
SnbXv .'' (Fw. ]n. hotc{Ipam, "\thmm
\w: Aaqeyamb CmanI kzm[o\',
amXr`qan BgvNXnv, ]pd 4249).
imkv{Xn\v am\hnIamb ASn
dIfn Fs\ hfcm Ignbpw
FXns Da Zrmw IqSnbmWv
]cmar apkvenw t\. ss{IkvX
h bqtdmv ss__nfns kzm[o\n
\nv IpXdn amdnbtmgmWv Ahn
sS imkvXw hfsXn IzpB\n
s\ AWpsImv ISnp]nSn Im
emWv apkv enw temIv \mKcnI
hnImkapmbXv. IzpB\n \nv
AIXmWv kaImenI apkvenw k
aqlns A[]X\n\v ImcWw.
Ad_v apkvenw imkv{XcpsS a[y
Ime Xmhgnv ]pXpPoh shp
Hcp \ \msfmbn \apv Imncn
mw.
2013 sk]vw_ 48
A_vZp Izlvlm
I m S n
t]mb Bgv NIfn \s ]nSn
pe cp hmI, "temIw
tamiambncnpp' F hmNIw
{]kwKv `wKn Iqm\p H
cp tIhe {]tbmKa Cv Fv
HcnIqSn t_m[ysSppIbm
Wv. "a\pjyv' F ]Zw sImv
\mw hnhnncpsXmsbpw a
\pjyscv ]dbphcn\nv tNm
pt]mbncnppshv sRtem
sS XncndnbpIbmWv Xcnsnepw
"a\pjyXzw' Ahtijnph. a
epdw Pnbnse Hcp \mn]pd
v ]mXncmhn Xs {]nbXasb
bpw ]ntma\Isfbpw Hcp sh
sns XWpn apnsmm
sImpt]mIptmgpw ssIhnd
msX hml\tamSn ]pcpjs
IY tIpmb \Spw hnpamdp
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bn\nsb tImSmensImv Xe ]nf
nsm kw`hw \psS Im
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cpWbpsamw \nLphnse hnd
en ]Z am{Xambn Xocp
hmsmcp ImemWv \psS
sbmw PohnXw Fv thZ\tbmSp
IqSn Xncndnbptmgpw \mw \tm
SpXs tNmZnt Hcp tNmZyap
v: FpsImmWv \mw Cs\
bmbnocpXvv?
aebmfnbpsS cv KrlmXpc
Ifmbncpp bYmn \mn
]pdhpw Fgp]XpIfpw. \bpsS
Ddh hnb \Kcmgv NI Ip
aSpmWv , "\mn]pdw \Ifm k
arw' Fv aebmfn Gp]mSnbXv.
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nb Xo{h CSXp]w kacbu
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tmsgms \mn]pdtpw F
gp]XpIfntepw Xncnpt]mIm a
ebmfn a\v shnbXv AXpsIm
mWv. Fgp]XpIfnse Acow
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hw ImkpIfpw \Kcw AcnIpXn
nbnnm {Kma{]tZifpw \
\ne\np ]dpZokIfmbn hn
ebncpsp. apIfnepcn c
p kw`h, Cu [mcWIsf
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pXv. Hmas kw`hw Hcp
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BtKmfhcWw HcnShpw _m
nshn FmWnXnsbw.
kpJw am{Xw eyambn ImWp
kzmw`cnIfmbn a\pjysc ]cn
ioennsSppXn apXemfn
w `wKnbmbn hnPbnncnpIbm
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j krnbmWv. Ah\n \nt
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s I]\Ifpw hnepIfpw _m
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2013 sk]vw_ 49
SmSpIfpw _m[yXIfpap Pohn
Xw. acWm\c PohnXn X
s PohnXhgnv Ah {kmhn
t\mSv Dcw ]dtbn hcpw. a\p
jymkvXnXzs kw_n Cu
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krn km[yamhpI a\pjys\ kw
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pIfn Irjn sNbvXpsImpam
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p Bkpcamb ham\n
s òIcX DsImpsImsn
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cp hosSpn\mhiyamb kmwkv
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psmWv Atlw NqnmWn
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pw kqNnnpp Atlw. Hcp I
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2013 sk]vw_ 50
Xn cp sam gn
A_q AZo_v
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p khntijamb Hcp ]pWyIa
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nh eLqIcnpsapw Bamib ip
oIcWn\v ImcWamIpsapw B
tcmKyimkv{Xw hyampp. Cn
[w \nch[n khntijXIfp {hXw
daZm\n am{Xambn ]cnanXsX.
daZm\nse \n_ t\mn\p ]pd
sa [mcmfw sFnI {hXZn\ C
kvvemw hnizmknIv \Ippv.
AXn {][m\sXmWv daZm\ns\
XpSphcp im amknse B
daZm\n\ptijhpw t\mv
A_qAq_n(d) \nv: {]hmNI (k) ]dp: ""Hcm d
aZm t\m\pjvTnpIbpw AtX XpSv imen\nv B
dv Znhkw t\m\pjvTnpIbpw sNbvXm AXv hjw apgp
h t\m\pjvTnXn\v kam\amWv.'' (apkvvenw)
dv t\mpI. daZm\nsebpw XpSv
imense Bdv t\mpIfpw A\pjv
Tnphv hjw apgph t\mv
t\m {]Xnêw hmKvZm\w sNsn
pv.
{][m\s asmcp sFnI {h
XamWv Fm Bgv NIfnepw Xn, hym
gw Zn\fn \nWbnsnpXv.
Dkma(d) \nthZ\w: ""\_n (k) Xn
, hymgw Znhkfn t\msSpp
ambncpp. AXv kw_ambn tNmZn
stm AhnSpv ]dp: ASn
aIfpsS Ia B Znhkfn
(Amlphn) {]ZinnsSp
XmIpp.' (A_qZmhqZv). asmcp \nth
Z\n "AXn\m t\mpImc\mbn
cnt Fs Ia kansS
Wsav Rm B{Klnpp'(apkvv
enw) Fpv.
Fm N{amknsebpw 13, 14,
15 Zn\fn {]hmNI (k) t\ms
SppIbpw t\msSpm D]tZinp
Ibpw sNbvXncpp. bm{XIfn t]m
epw \_n (k) {]kv XpX t\mv Dt]
npambncpn. JXmZ(d)hn\n
v: "{]hmNI (k) RtfmSv shfp
hmhv AYhm 13, 14, 15 Znhk
{hXa\pjv Tnm I]npambncp
p.'(A_qZmhqZv). Hmtcm \Ipw
]ncnbmWv {]Xnêw \IsSp
Isbpw Atm Cu t\mpI F
Sph hjw apgph t\mv F
Sphs\tmsebmIpsapw amkn
se Cu aqv t\mn\p ImcWam
bn lZokn hnpv.
Zplv HXn\v, Ad^ Zn\
n t\msSppXv Gsd ]pWy
IcamWv . "Ignpt]mb Hcp hjs
bpw hcm\ncnp Hcp hjsbpw
]m] AXphgn s]mdpsSp'sa
v {]hmNI ]Tnnnpv.(apkvv enw).
apldw amkw 9, 10 Zn\fn {hXa
\pjv TnpXpw Gsd {]m[m\yap
XmWv. apldw ]nse t\mv hgn
]nn Hcp hjs ]m] s]m
dpsSpsav lZokpIfnepv.(apkvv
enw).
{]tXyI Zn\ ]dbmsX X
s Nne amkfn {hXsaSpp
Xv IqSpXembn t{]mmlnnsn
pv. iAv_m\n \_n(k) IqSpX
embn t\msSpncpp. apldw am
knse t\mv daZm Ignm
Ghpw ]pWyIcamsWpw Amlp
hn\v Ghpw Cap {hXw ZmhqZv \
_nbptSXmsWpw AXv HnShn Zn
\fnembncppshpw \_n (k) A
cpfnbnpv. daZm hnS ]dsnepw
sFnIamb {hXfneqsS t\mns
BssNX\yhpw {hXw \Ip km
aqlnI kmwkvImcnI taIfpw \ne
\nm \mw {intXpv.

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