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    Vaccination

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    The document discusses several principles of vaccination including inducing memory responses through non-toxic antigen preparations to provide protective antibody and/or cellular immunity. It describes passive immunization using preformed antibodies and active immunization using antigen preparations. Various types of vaccines are outlined including attenuated, killed, subunit/fragment vaccines as well as DNA vaccines and vaccines targeting specific bacterial, viral, parasitic and tumor antigens.

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    Vaccination

    Uploaded by

    api-19916399
    254 views6 pages
    The document discusses several principles of vaccination including inducing memory responses through non-toxic antigen preparations to provide protective antibody and/or cellular immunity. It describes passive immunization using preformed antibodies and active immunization using antigen preparations. Various types of vaccines are outlined including attenuated, killed, subunit/fragment vaccines as well as DNA vaccines and vaccines targeting specific bacterial, viral, parasitic and tumor antigens.

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    The document discusses several principles of vaccination including inducing memory responses through non-toxic antigen preparations to provide protective antibody and/or cellular immunity. It describes passive immunization using preformed antibodies and active immunization using antigen preparations. Various types of vaccines are outlined including attenuated, killed, subunit/fragment vaccines as well as DNA vaccines and vaccines targeting specific bacterial, viral, parasitic and tumor antigens.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    254 views6 pages

    Vaccination

    Uploaded by

    api-19916399
    The document discusses several principles of vaccination including inducing memory responses through non-toxic antigen preparations to provide protective antibody and/or cellular immunity. It describes passive immunization using preformed antibodies and active immunization using antigen preparations. Various types of vaccines are outlined including attenuated, killed, subunit/fragment vaccines as well as DNA vaccines and vaccines targeting specific bacterial, viral, parasitic and tumor antigens.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Vaccination I.

    Principles

    Principle of vaccination: The primary goal in vaccination is


    to provide protective immunity by inducing a memory re
    sponse to an infectious microbe using a non-toxic antig
    en preparation. It is important to produce immunity of t
    he appropriate kind: antibody and/or cellular immunity.
    Antibody mediated protection: primarily against extracellul
    ar organisms and their products, e.g. Toxins, and distur
    bing virus attaching and entering sensitive target cells.
    Cell mediated protection: preventing host from the intrac
    ellular microbes ( certain bacteria and viruses) infection
    and fungi infection..
    Vaccination ii. Immunization

    Passive immunization: using performed antibodies


    Active immunization: using antigen preparations

    Systemic (injection) immunization


    Vaccination iii. Vaccine

     Antigen preparations: Most vaccines consist of either atten


    uated organisms, killed organisms, inactivated exotoxins, or su
    bcellular fragments, and more recently genes for antigens in vir
    al vectors, and DNA itself.
     Adjuvants
     DNA vaccine

    Recombinant vaccine
     Cytokines
    Vaccination
    iv. Vaccines to pathogens and tumors

     Bacterial vaccines:
    BCG (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
    DPT (Diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus )
    Dysentery vaccine, Typhoid, Cholera
    T-independent vaccines to carbohydrates such as capsule of Pn
    eumococcus Meningococcusor haemmophilus.
     Viral vaccines : Polio, Measles, Rubella, Yellow fever,Mumps,
    Rabies, influenza, HBV vaccine (HBsAg),
     Vaccines to other infectious agents: Malaria and other parasites
     Tumor vaccines : Prostate cancer &
    Immuno-therapy
    1. Antibodies: TAT (tetanus antitoxin)
    2. Cytokines and their receptors
    1) Cytokines ： IL-2 ， IFN ， IL-3 ， Erythropoietin （ EP
    O ）， GSF ，
    3. Immune cell preparations and immune modifiers
    １ ) Adoptive immunotherapy ： LAK ， TIL ， NK
    2) Anti-metabolic drugs
    3) Antibiotics ： Cyclosporin A
    Immunotechnology
    I. Antibodies as research and diagnostic tools
     . Serological reactions:
    Precipitation: Soluble antigen + Ab
    Agglutination: antigenic particles + Ab in serum
    Complements fixation
     Artificial passive ag or ab particles :
    Passive agglutination & reverse passive agglutination
    Gel agglutination
    Staphylococcus associated agglutination
     Immuno-diffusion : radial immunodiffusion & conunter
     Immuno-electrophoresis: Rocket & counter

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