5.real Numbers

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Real Numbers
Main Points
1
n
a
n a=
a+b+c=0 a3+b3+c3= 3abc
n m a = mn a
x = a solution is x=a or x = a
x = 0 solution is x= 0
x < a solution is a< x < a
x a solution is a x a
x > a solution is x > a or x a
x a solution is x a or x a
xn - an
= n.an1
x a x- a
Lt
xm - am
mn
x a x n - a n = m/n .a
Lt

The limiting positon of secant of a circle is tangent.

4 Marks Questions
1.
If a= x + x 2 + 1 then show that x = 2 a a
Sol :
= x+
a x =
x2 + 1
x2 +1
squaring on both sides,

(ax)2
2
= x + 1
a2 2ax+x2 = x2+1
2ax = 1a2
2ax = a2 1
a 2 1
x= 2a
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1 a 2 1
x = 2 a
1 a2 1

x = 2 a a
1
1
1
a 3 + b 3 = C3
1
+b 3
3
1
c 3
+ 3. a1/3.b1/3 (a1/3+b1/3) =
1
a 3
2. If a1/3 + b1/3+ c1/3 =0 then show that (a+b+c)3 = 27abc

Sol : a1/3 + b1/3+ c1/3 = 0
a1/3 + b1/3 = c1/3 ................. (I)
C.O.B.S.
a+ b+3a1/3b1/3 (c1/3) = c
a+ b3a1/3b1/3 c1/3 = c
a+ b + c = 3a1/3b1/3 c1/3
C.O.B.S
(a+b+c)3 = 27 abc
1
If y = 3 3 + 3 3 then show that 3y3 9y = 10
3.
Sol : y = 3 3 + 3 3
y = 33 + 3
1
3
............ (I)
C.O.B.S
1
1
3
3
y = 3 + 3 3
1
3
y = 3 3
1 1 1
1
1
3
3
3
3
+ 3 + 3.3 .3 (3 + 3 3 )
1 1
y3 = 3 + 31 + 3 3 3 (y)
1
1
x = 2 a a
[ from(1) ]
1
y3 = 3 + + 3.(1)y
3
1
y3 = 3 + + 3y
3
y3 =
3y3
9 + 1 + 9y
3
9y =10
1
4.
If lmn =1 then show that 1 + l + m 1 + 1 + m+ n 1 + 1 + n + l 1

1
1
l1 =
mn
mn
Sol : lmn =1 d =
1
1
1
+
+
1
1
1+ l + m
1 + m+ n
1 + n + l 1
consider L.H.S.
1
1
1
+
+
= 1 + l + 1 1 + m + 1 1 + n + mn
mn m
n
1
1
1
+
+
mn + n n + mn + 1 1 + n + mn
mn
n
1
mn
n
mn + n + l
+
+
mn + 1 + n n + mn + 1 1 + n + mn = mn + l + n = 1/1 =1
5.
Sol :
x + a 2a
x a
Evaluate xLta
x + a - 2a
x -a
Lt
x a
a + a 2a
a a
2a 2a
a a
consider xLta
0
0 which is ideterminate form
x + a 2a
x + a + 2a
x a
x + a + 2a
( x + a ) ( 2a )
Lt
(x a )( x + a + 2a )
2
x a
Lt
x + a 2a
x a x
( x+a +
a)
2a
)
Lt
=
=
x a
x a x a
Lt
x a
)(
x + a + 2a
1
x + a + 2a
1
a + a + 2a
1
2a + 2a
Solve 1 3 > 8
6.
1
= 2 2a
m
> 8 solution is 1 m/3 > 8 (or) 1m/3 < 8
3
m/3 < 81
m/3 < 9
m < 27
m > 27
m/3 > 81 (or)

m/3 >7
(or)
m>21
(or)
m < 21 (or)
Sol : x > a solution is x > a or x < a
2 Marks Questions
1. If ax= b, by=c, cz = a then show that abc = 1

Sol : ax = b, by = c, cz = a
consider ax= b
(cz)x = b
(czx) = b
(by)zx = b
(b)xyz = b1
Bases are equal, powers shared to equated
xyz = 1
2.
solve 5 x 1 0
Sol : 5 x 1 0 since modules of a real number is never negative

5x 1 = 0
x = 0 solution is x= 0
5 x 1 = 0 solution is 5x1 = 0
5x = 1
3.
x = 1/5
Evalute xLta
Sol :
1
x4
1
-a4
4
x a x
- a4
Lt
1
x4
1
a4
x4 a 4
1
x4
1
x4
1
a4
x4 a4
1
a4
consider xLta x4 a 4
= 0/0 which is Indeterminate form

= 4 .a 4
4
(4 )
15
16a 4
15
116
1
1 4
a
= 4 4 . a 4 =
16
4. Find the limit of the series 1 1/2 + 1/4 1/8 + .......

Sol :1-1/2 + 1/4 - 1/8 + .........
1
1
a
2
Here a = 1, r = t = 1 = 2 < 1 s = 1 r
1
t2
1
3 =
2
1
6
1
2 +1 =
2
1
1
S= 1 (r2 ) = 1 + 1
2
5. Solve 2x 5 = 7
Sol : 2x 5 = 7
x = a solution is x= a or x= a
2x 5 = 7 solution is 2x 5=7 (or) 2x-5 = 7
2x = 7+5 (or) 2x = 7+5

2x = 12 (or) 2x = 2
x = 6 (or) x = 1
6.
(1 + x) 4 1
Evalute xLt0 (1 + x)3 1
(1 + x) 4 1
(1 + 0) 4 1
Lt
Sol : x 0 (1 + x)3 1 = (1 + 0)3 1 = 0/0 which is indeterminate form
Lt
(1 + x) 4 1
x 0 (1
+ x) 3
1 Hence put 1+x = t, as x 0
t 1
t4 1
t 4 14
Lt
= t 1 3 3
1 t 3 1
t 1
Lt
t
4 43
= 3 .(1)
4
x m a m m m n
= .a
a x
n an
n
Lt
x
= 3 .(1) = 3
1 Marks Questions
If a2 = 0.04 then find a3
1.
Sol : a2 =0.04
4
a2 = 0.04 = 100
2

10
a2 =
C.O.B.S.
2

10
a3 =
2 3
103
a3 =
a = 10
a3 = 1000
a3 = 0.008
p
2.
2
3
If x = x2 then find p

p
Sol :
2
x3
2
=x

2P
x 3 = x2
Bases are equal, powers to be equated

2p
3 =2
2p = 2.3 p = 3
3.
If
Sol :
1
x2
1
x2
3
x2
= 0.2 then find

1
2
10
= 0.2 x 2 =
3
cubing on both sides

3
If
Lt
x
Sol : xLt2
X2 4
22 4
= 2 2 = 0/0 which is indeterminate form.
2
X
X2 4
Lt
=
x 2 X
2
X 2 22
2 X 2
Lt
(X + 2) (X 2)
X2
= xLt2 X + 2
= xLt2
4.
X2 4
2 X
2
1
2
X 2 = 10
8
x 3/2 = 1000 x 3/2 = 0.008
2+2 = 4
5.
1
1
4
simplify x + y 4
1 1
1
1
a
4
4
x y .y + y 2
Sol : (a+b) (a2 ab+ b2) = a3 + b3

1
1
4
x + y4
1 1
1
1
a
4
4
x y .y + y 2
1
1
4
X + Y4
=
2
1 2
1 1
1
x 4 x 4 .y 4 + y 4

3
1
1
4
4
= x + y

3
x4
3
y4
Fill in the Blanks

(64)2/3 = ..........................
1 1 4
a3 a 4

2.
The value of
3.
(0.001)1/3 = .........................
4.
= ..........................
2
a3
x = -7 solution .............................
1.
5.
modulas of a real number is never ..................
6.
Is the limit of a function approaches to Zero then the function is called ....................
Lt
1
(1 + x) 2
8.
9.
x a pa
Lt
x p x p = .............................
= .............................
x 3 27
3 x 3 = .............................
Lt
x
10.
3x 1
2x
+ 7 = .............................
Lt
7.
1) 1/16
2) a2
7) 3/2 8) 1/n
Answers
3) 0.1
9) a.p a1
4) doesnot exists
10) 27
Multiple choice Questions

1.
2.
161.25 = ................
a) 32 b) 64 c) 16
3
d) 5/4
x + 3 y + 3 z = 0 then x+y+z = ...................
a) 3myz
b) 9xyz
c) 27xyz
d) (3xyz) 1/3
5) negative 6) infinitesinal
2 x = 16 then x= ....................
3.
a) 8
4.
b) 4 c) 2
d) 10
3x = 81 then x = ....................
a) 16
b) 8 c) 4
d) 2
If 5 x+3 = 5 x+3 then x = ...................

a) 0
b) 1 c) 3 d) 3
6.
If x + 1 < 6 then solution set is .................
7.
a) { x/7 <x<5}
c) {x/7 x 5}
x a solution is ......................
5.
b) { x/7< x 5}
d) { x/7 < x 5}
(1 + x) n 1
= ............................
0
x
Lt
x
8.
b) a x a
d) x > a or x < a
a) a x a
c) a x a
a) n
c) n
d) n2
xm am
Lt n
x a x
a n = ............................
9.
b) 1/n
a) m/n .amn
b) m/n. am+n
c) n/m. am-n
d) n/m. am+n
x 3 27
10. Lt
= ............................
x 3 x 3
a) 3
11.
Lt
(1 + x) 4 1
x 0 (1
(x) 3
a) 4/3
12.
b) 9
c) 27
d) 1
= ............................
b) 3/4
c) 4/3
d) 3/4
x 2 + 5n
= ............................
0 x
Lt
x
a) 0
b) 1
c) 5
d) 2
13. x =5 solution is ......................

a) 5
b) -5
c) 5 (or) -5
d) doesn't exist
14. If 2n 2n1 = 4 then xn = .......................

a) 1
b) 27
c) 3
d) 9
15. am/n = ...........................

am
a) an
b) am.an
c) (am)1/n
d) (an)m
Answers
4) a
12) a
5) d
13) d
6) a
14) b
7) a 8) a
15) c
3) a
11) c
2) d
10) c
1) a
9) a

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www.sakshieducation.

a+b+c=0 a3+b3+c3= 3abc

x < a solution is a< x < a

x > a solution is x > a or x a

The limiting positon of secant of a circle is tangent.

If a= x + x 2 + 1 then show that x = 2 a a

squaring on both sides,

2. If a1/3 + b1/3+ c1/3 =0 then show that (a+b+c)3 = 27abc

If y = 3 3 + 3 3 then show that 3y3 9y = 10

If lmn =1 then show that 1 + l + m 1 + 1 + m+ n 1 + 1 + n + l 1

m/3 > 81 (or)

Sol : x > a solution is x > a or x < a

1. If ax= b, by=c, cz = a then show that abc = 1

Sol : 5 x 1 0 since modules of a real number is never negative

= 0/0 which is Indeterminate form

4. Find the limit of the series 1 1/2 + 1/4 1/8 + .......

2x 5 = 7 solution is 2x 5=7 (or) 2x-5 = 7

2x = 7+5 (or) 2x = 7+5

Evalute xLt0 (1 + x)3 1

1 Hence put 1+x = t, as x 0

If a2 = 0.04 then find a3

Bases are equal, powers to be equated

= 0.2 then find

cubing on both sides

Sol : (a+b) (a2 ab+ b2) = a3 + b3

Fill in the Blanks

modulas of a real number is never ..................

Multiple choice Questions

x + 3 y + 3 z = 0 then x+y+z = ...................

If 5 x+3 = 5 x+3 then x = ...................

If x + 1 < 6 then solution set is .................

13. x =5 solution is ......................

14. If 2n 2n1 = 4 then xn = .......................

15. am/n = ...........................

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