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    Fiber Optic Communications

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    farhan9125
    This document discusses optics and fiber optic communications. It begins with an overview of ray theory and applications in optics, including the definition of index of refraction and examples of indices for various materials. It then covers the principles of reflection, including the angles of incidence, reflection and transmission. Snell's law relates the sine of the angle of incidence and transmission based on the indices of refraction on both sides of the boundary. Depending on whether the first medium's index is lower or higher than the second medium, the transmitted ray will bend toward or away from the normal.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Fiber Optic Communications

    Uploaded by

    farhan9125
    55 views10 pages
    This document discusses optics and fiber optic communications. It begins with an overview of ray theory and applications in optics, including the definition of index of refraction and examples of indices for various materials. It then covers the principles of reflection, including the angles of incidence, reflection and transmission. Snell's law relates the sine of the angle of incidence and transmission based on the indices of refraction on both sides of the boundary. Depending on whether the first medium's index is lower or higher than the second medium, the transmitted ray will bend toward or away from the normal.

    Original Description:

    Optical fiber syatem book.

    Original Title

    Ch2Sec1BW

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    This document discusses optics and fiber optic communications. It begins with an overview of ray theory and applications in optics, including the definition of index of refraction and examples of indices for various materials. It then covers the principles of reflection, including the angles of incidence, reflection and transmission. Snell's law relates the sine of the angle of incidence and transmission based on the indices of refraction on both sides of the boundary. Depending on whether the first medium's index is lower or higher than the second medium, the transmitted ray will bend toward or away from the normal.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    55 views10 pages

    Fiber Optic Communications

    Uploaded by

    farhan9125
    This document discusses optics and fiber optic communications. It begins with an overview of ray theory and applications in optics, including the definition of index of refraction and examples of indices for various materials. It then covers the principles of reflection, including the angles of incidence, reflection and transmission. Snell's law relates the sine of the angle of incidence and transmission based on the indices of refraction on both sides of the boundary. Depending on whether the first medium's index is lower or higher than the second medium, the transmitted ray will bend toward or away from the normal.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    THE FIBER FORUM

    Fiber Optic Communications


    JOSEPH C. PALAIS
    PRESENTED BY
    Joseph C. Palais 2.1 2
    Chapter 2
    OPTICS REVIEW
    Joseph C. Palais 2.1 3
    Section 2.1
    Ray Theory and Applications
    Index of Refraction
    n = c/v
    c = 3 x 10
    8
    m/s, velocity of light in free space
    v = velocity of light in the medium
    n > 1, (usually)

    Joseph C. Palais 2.1 4
    Ray Theory and Applications
    Material Index n
    CO
    2
    1
    Water 1.33
    Glass ~1.5
    Silicon 3.5
    GaAs 3.35
    Joseph C. Palais 2.1 5
    REFLECTION
    Reflection at a Boundary
    Boundary
    Normal
    n
    1
    n
    2

    i
    Boundary

    t
    Incident Ray
    Reflected Ray
    Transmitted Ray
    Joseph C. Palais 2.1 6
    REFLECTION
    n
    1
    and n
    2
    are the indices of refraction for
    medium 1 and 2 respectfully.
    i
    is the angle of
    incidence to the normal.
    r
    is the angle of
    reflection relative to the normal.
    t
    is the angle
    of transmission relative to the normal.
    It should be noted that
    r
    =
    i .

    Joseph C. Palais 2.1 7
    REFLECTION
    If any power crosses the boundary,
    t
    is
    given in terms of Snells law:
    sin
    1
    sin
    2
    1
    sin sin
    2
    n
    t
    n
    i
    n
    t i
    n

    (2.3)
    Joseph C. Palais 2.1 8
    sin
    t

    t
    deg
    0 20 40 60 80 100
    0
    0.5
    1
    The sin function
    degrees
    REFLECTION
    The only angles with physical significance are
    those between of 0 and 90
    SINE FUNCTION
    ANGLE
    S
    i
    n


    Joseph C. Palais 2.1 9
    From Snells law:
    If n
    1
    < n
    2
    , then sin(
    t
    ) < sin(
    i
    ) and
    t
    <
    i
    .
    We conclude that transmitted ray is bent towards
    the normal.
    REFLECTION

    i
    n
    1
    n
    2
    Boundary
    Normal
    Joseph C. Palais 2.1 10
    REFLECTION
    If n
    1
    > n
    2
    , then sin(
    t
    ) > sin(
    i
    ) and
    t
    >
    i
    .

    The transmitted ray is bent away from the normal.

    i
    n
    1
    n
    2
    Boundary
    Normal

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