I.

A KONSTRUKSI BALOK DIATAS BEBERAPA TUMPUAN / GERBER

P1 = 25 KN

P2 = 15 KN
1,5 m

q = 10 KN/m'

P3 = 30 KN
1,5 m

D
B

S1
1m

5m

S2
1m

3m

5m

P2 = 1,5 t
q = 1 t/m'
Gbr. a) Konst. S1-S2
S1
Gbr. b) Konst. A-B-S1

E
Q1

S2

RS1V

RS2V
1m

Gbr. c) Konst. S2-C-D

P1 = 2,5 t
q = 1 t/m'

RS1'

RS2'

q = 1 t/m'

P3 = 3 t

D
B

S1 S2

Q2

Q3

RAV

RBV
5m

Q4
RCV

1m

1m

RDV
3,5 m

1,5 m

Gbr. Bid D
DBka = 2,25 t
DA = 2,15 t
DCka = 1,25 t
DEki = 0,75 t
(+)

(+)

(+)
E

(-)

(-)

D
(-)

DEka = -0,75 t
DFka = - 1,75 t
DCki = - 2,25 t
DBki = - 2,85 t
Gbr. Bid M
MB = - 1,75 tm

(-)
MA = 0
A

Q2
B

MC = - 1,75 tm

(-)
S1 S2
E
ME = 0,5 tm

(+)

(+)

MQ2 = 2,25 tm

MF = 2,625 tm

Bidan

P
M
M

nst. S2-C-D

RDV

Bidang momen (M)

ME

MQ4

Pandang sebelah kanan

MD
MC
MF

Diketahui
Ditanyakan
Jawab
Q1 =
Q2 =

: Konstruksi balok di atas beberapa tumpuan (seperti pada gambar)

: Hitung dan gambarkan reaksi tumpuan serta bidang gaya lintang (D),
bidang momen (M) serta gaya normal
:

1 t/m' . 1 m
1 t/m' . 5 m

=
=

1t
5t

Q3 =
Q4 =

a) Konst. S1-S2
Reaksi tumpuan
MS2 =
0
RS1 . 1 m - Q1 . 0,5 m - P2 . 0,5 m
RS1 . 1 m - 1 t . 0,5 m - 1,5 t . 0,5 m

1 t/m' . 1 m
1 t/m' . 1 m

=
=

1t
1t

=
=

0
0

RS1

0,5 tm + 0,75 tm
1m

= 1,25 t (

MS1 =
0
- RS2 . 1 m + Q1 . 0,5 m + P2 . 0,5 m =
- RS2 . 1 m + 1 t . 0,5 m + 1,5 t . 0,5 m =

0
0

RS2

0,5 tm + 0,75 tm
1m

= 1,25 t (

S2-C-D
Kontrol
KV
=
0
RS1 + RS2 - Q1 - P2

1,25 t + 1,25 t - 1 t - 1,5 t =

0 (OK)

b) Konst. A-B-S1
Reaksi tumpuan
MB =
0
RAV . 5 m - P1 . 5 m - Q2 . 2,5 m + Q3 . 0,5 m + RS1' . 1 m
=
0
RAV . 5 m - 2,5 t . 5 m - 5 t . 2,5 m + 1 t . 0,5 m + 1,25 t . 1 m =
0
12,5 tm + 12,5 tm - 0,5 tm - 1,25 tm
23,25 tm
RAV
=
=
= 4,65 t (
5m
5m
MA =
0
- RBV . 5 m + Q2 . 2,5 m + Q3 . 5,5 m + RS1' . 6 m =
- RBV . 5 m + 5 t . 2,5 m + 1 t . 5,5 m + 1,25. 6 m =
12,5 tm + 5,5 tm + 7,5 tm
25,5 tm
RBV
=
=
5m
5m
Kontrol
KV
=
0
RAV + RBV - P1 - Q2 - Q3 - RS1'

MC =
0
- RDV . 5 m + P3 . 3,5 m - Q4 . 0,5 m - RS2' . 1 m =
- RDV . 5 m + 3 t . 3,5 m - 1 t . 0,5 m - 1,25 t . 1 m =
10,5 tm - 0,5 tm - 1,25 tm
8,75 tm
RDV =
=
5m
5m

0
0
=

5,1 t

4,65 t + 5,1 t - 2,5 t - 5 t- 1 t - 1,25 t

c) Konst. S2-C-D
Reaksi tumpuan
MD =
0
RCV . 5 m - P3 . 1,5 m - Q4 . 5,5 m - RS2' . 6 m
=
RCV . 5 m - 3 t . 1,5 m - 1 t . 5,5 m - 1,25 t . 6 m =
4,5 tm + 5,5 tm + 7,5 tm
17,5 tm
RCV =
=
5m
5m

Kontrol
KV
=
0
RCV + RDV - RS2' - Q4 - P3

0
0
=

3,5 t

= 1,75 t (

0
0

3,5 t + 1,75 t - 1,25 t - 1 t - 3 t =

0 (OK)

0 (OK)

Bidang gaya lintang (D)

DA
= RAV - P1 = 4,65 t - 2,5 t = 2,15 t
DBki = DA - Q2 = 2,15 t - 5 t =
- 2,85 t
DBka = DBki + RBV
=
- 2,85 t + 5,1 t = 2,25 t
DEki = DBka - q . 1,5 m = 2,25 t - 1 t/m' . 1,5 m = 2,25 t - 1,5 t = 0,75 t
DEka = DEki - P2 = 0,75 t - 1,5 t =
- 0,75 t
DCki = DEka - q . 1,5 m =
- 0,75 t - 1 t/m' . 1,5 m =
- 0,75 t - 1,5 t =
DCka = DCki + RCV
=
- 2,25 t + 3,5 t = 1,25 t
DFki = DCka = 1,25 t
DFka = DFki - P3 = 1,25 t - 3 t =
- 1,75 t
DD
= RDV = 1,75 t

- 2,25 t

Bidang momen (M)

Pandang sebelah kiri
MA
=
0
MQ2 = RAV . 2,5 m - P1 . 2,5 m - q . 2,5 m . 1,25 m
= 4,65 t . 2,5 m - 2,5 t . 2,5 t - 1 t/m' . 2,5 t . 1,25 t
= 11,625 tm - 6,25 tm - 3,125 tm = 2,25 tm
MB
= RAV . 5 m - P1 . 5 m - Q2 . 2,5 m
= 4,65 tm . 5 m - 2,5 t . 5 m - 5 t . 2,5 m
= 23,25 tm - 12,5 tm - 12,5 tm =
- 1,75 tm
MQ3 = RAV . 5,5 m - P1 . 5,5 m + RBV . 0,5 m - q . 5,5 m . 2,75 m
= 4,65 t . 5,5 m - 2,5 t . 5,5 m + 5,1 t . 0,5 m - 1 t/m' . 5,5 m . 2,75 m
= 25,575 tm - 13,75 tm + 2,55 tm - 15,125 tm
=
- 0,75 tm
ME
= RAV . 6,5 m - P1 . 6,5 m + RBV . 1,5 m - q . 6,5 m . 3,25 m
= 4,65 t . 6,5 m - 2,5 t . 6,5 m + 5,1 t . 1,5 m - 1 t/m' . 6,5 m . 3,25 m
= 30,225 tm - 16,25 tm + 7,65 tm - 21,125 tm = 0,5 tm
MQ4 = RAV . 7,5 m - P1 . 7,5 m + RBV . 2,5 m - P2 . 1,5 m - q . 7,5 m . 3,75 m
= 4,65 t .7,5 m - 2,5 t . 7,5 m + 5,1 t . 2,5 m -1,5 t . 1,5 m - 1 t/m' . 7,5 m . 3,75 m
= 34,875 tm - 18,75 tm + 12,75 tm - 2,25 tm - 28, 125 tm
=
- 1,5 tm
Pandang sebelah kanan
MD
=
0
MC
= RDV . 5 m - P3 . 3,5 m
= 1,75 t . 5 m - 3 t . 3,5 m = 8,75 tm - 10,5 tm =
MF
= RDV . 1,5 m = 1,75 t . 1,5 m = 2,625 tm

- 1,75 tm

(OK)

II.B KONSTRUKSI BALOK DIATAS BEBERAPA TUMPUAN / GERBER

P1 = 15 KN
2m

q = 15 KN/m'

P2 = 20 KN

P3 = 30 KN
1,5 m

C
D

3m

3m

4m

P2 = 2 t

P3 = 3 t

C
F

Gbr. b) Konst. A-B-E-S

RSV

2,5 m

P1 = 1,5 t
2m

1,5 m

RCV

Gbr. a) Konst. S-C

q = 1,5 t/m'
RS'

A
D

Q1
3m

RAV

RBV

Q2
1,5 m

S
1,5 m

DBka = 5,375 t

Gbr. Bid D
DSki = 3,125 t
(+)
DFki = 1,125 t
(+)
A

C
(-)

DA = -0,9375 t

(-)
DFka = -1,875 t

DDki = -3,9375 t

DDka = -5,4375 t

DBki = -6,9375 t

MB = -11,0625

Gbr. Bid M

MQ2 = -7,03125 tm

MD = -4,875 tm

(-)

ME = -4,6875 tm

MQ1 = -3,09375 tm

Q1
A
MA = 0

Q2
D

F
(+)

MF = 2,8125 tm

Dimensi Balok

= 1.600 kg/cm
M max = 11,0625 tm
= 1.106.250 kg/cm
M max

1.106.250 kg/cm
=
1.600 kg/cm

W =

= 691,41 cm

Dalam tabel profil konstruksi baja yang mendekati angka 691,41 cm adalah 691,6 cm.
Merupakan IWF berukuran 10 " (10 x 8)
Gambar profil baja IWF 10 "

13,41 mm

t1

8,08 mm
A = 252 mm

t2
B = 203 mm

Diketahui
Ditanyakan
Jawab
Q1 =
Q2 =

: Konstruksi balok di atas beberapa tumpuan (gerber)

: Hitung dan gambarkan bidang gaya lintang (D), bidang momen (M)
serta gaya normal (N) dan dimensi balok / gelagar
:

1,5 t/m' . 3 m
1,5 t/m' . 1,5 m

=
=

4,5 t
2,25 t

a) Konst. S-C
Reaksi tumpuan
MC =
0
RSV . 4 m - P2 . 4 m - P3 . 1,5 m
RSV . 4 m - 2 t . 4 m - 3 t . 1,5 m
MS =
0
- RCV . 4 m + P3 . 2,5 m
- RCV . 4 m + 3 t . 2,5 m
Kontrol
KV
=
0
RSV + RCV - P3 - P2

=
=

=
=

0
0

0
0

RCV

RSV

8 tm + 4,5 tm
4m

7,5 tm
= 1,875 t (
4m

3,25 t + 1,875 t - 3 t - 2 t =

Kontrol
KV
=
0
RAV + RBV - Q1 - P1 - Q2 - RS'
=
0
12,3125 t - 0,9375 t - 4,5 t - 1,5 t - 2,25 t - 3,125 t

0 (OK)

b) Konst. A-B-E-S
Reaksi tumpuan
MB =
0
RAV . 3 m - Q1 . 1,5 m - P1 . 1 m + Q2 . 0,75 m + RS' . 3m
=
0
RAV . 3 m - 4,5 t . 1,5 m - 1,5 t . 1 m + 2,25 t . 0,75 m + 3,125 t. 3m
=
6,75 tm + 1,5 tm - 1,6875 tm - 9,375 tm
- 2,8125 tm
RAV =
=
=
3m
3m
MA =
0
- RBV . 3 m + RS' . 6 m + Q2 . 3,75 m + P1 . 2 m + Q1 . 1,5 m =
0
- RBV . 3 m + 3,125 t . 6 m + 2,25 t . 3,75 m + 1,5 t . 2 m + 4,5 t . 1,5 m
18,75 tm + 8,4375 tm + 3 tm + 6,75 tm
36,9375 tm
RBV =
=
3m
3m

= 3,125 t (

0
- 0,9375 t

= 12,3125 t (

0 (OK)

Bidang gaya lintang (D)

DA
= RAV =
- 0,9375 t
DDki = RAV - q . 2 m =
- 0,9375 t - 1,5 t/m' . 2 m =
- 0,9375 t - 3 t =
DDka = DDki - P1 =
- 3,9375 t - 1,5 t
=
- 5,4375 t
DBki = DDka - q . 1 m =
- 5,4375 t - 1,5 t/m' . 1 m =
- 5,4375 t - 1,5 t =
DBka = DBki + RBV
= - 6,9375 t + 12,3125 t = 5,375 t
DSki = DBka - Q2 = 5,375 t - 2,25 t = 3,125 t
DSka = DSki - P2 = 3,125 t - 2 t = 1,125 t
DFki = Dska = 1,125 t
DFka = DEki - P3 = 1,125 t - 3 t =
- 1,875 t
DD
= RCV = 1,875 t

- 3,9375 t
- 6,9375 t

Bidang momen (M)

Pandang sebelah kiri
MA
=
0
MQ1 = RAV . 1,5 m - q . 1,5 m . 0,75 m
=
- 0,9375 t . 1,5 m - 1,5 t/m' . 1,5 m . 0,75 m
=
- 1,40625 tm - 1,6875 tm =
- 3,09375 tm
MD
= RAV . 2 m - q . 2 m . 1 m
=
- 0,9375 t . 2 m - 1,5 t/m' . 2 m . 1 m
=
- 1,875 tm - 3 tm =
- 4,875 tm
MB
= RAV. 3 m - P1 . 1 m - Qi . 1,5 m
=
- 0,9375 t . 3 m - 1,5 t . 1 m - 4,5 t . 1, m
=
- 2,8125 tm - 1,5 tm - 6,75 tm =
- 11,0625 tm
Pandang sebelah kanan
MQ2 = RCV . 6,25 m - P2 . 2,25 m - P3 . 4,75 m
= 1,875 t . 6,25 m - 2 t . 2,25 m - 3 t . 4,75 m
= 11,71875 tm - 4,5 tm - 14,25 tm =
- 7,03125 tm
ME
= RCV . 5,5 m - P3 . 4 m - P2 . 1,5 m
= 1,875 t . 5,5 m - 3 t . 4 m - 2 t . 1,5 m
= 10,3125 tm - 12 tm - 3 tm
=
- 4,6875 tm
MS
= RCV . 4 m - P3 . 2,5 m
= 1,875 t . 4 m - 3 t . 2,5 m = 7,5 tm - 7,5 tm
=
0
MF
= RCV . 1,5 m = 1,875 t . 1,5 m = 2,8125 tm

III.C PROFIL TERSUSUN

ukuran dalam mm

Diketahui
Ditanyakan
Jawab

: Profil tersusun seperti pada gambar

: Hitung dan gambarkan momen kelembaman dan elips kelembamannya
: Dihitung dalam satuan cm

Momen kelembaman terhadap sumbu x

No.

yi
(cm)

Ai
(cm)

Ai . Yi
(cm)

Ai . Yi
(cm)

19.50 234.00

4,563.00 88,978.50

29.00 276.00

8,004.00

232,116.00

3.00 105.00

315.00

945.00

4.00

48.00

192.00

768.00

4.00 232.00

928.00

3,712.00

59.50 895.00 14,002.00

326,519.50

Ixi = (mll . Ttk . brt) yo = Ai . Yi

Ix = Ixi + (yi-yo) . Ai
(cm)
(cm)
Ai
29.659,5 + (19,5 - 15,64)
1
.6.39 = 29,659.50
15.64
12
. 234 =
33,146.01
48.668 + (29 - 15,64)
1
.6.46 = 48,668.00
15.64
12
. 276 =
97,931.13
315 + (3 -15,64)
1
.17,5.6 =
315.00
15.64
12
. 105 =
17,090.81
256 + (4 -15,64)
1
.6.8 =
256.00
15.64
12
. 48 =
6,759.50
1.237,33 + (4 - 15,64)
1
.29.8 = 1,237.33
15.64
12
.232 =
32,670.92
80,135.83

187,598.37

Momen kelembaman terhadap sumbu y

No.

xi
(cm)

Ai
(cm)

Ai . xi
(cm)

Ai . xi
(cm)

3.00 234.00

702.00

2,106.00

3.00 276.00

828.00

2,484.00

8.75 105.00

918.75

8,039.06

3.00

144.00

432.00

48.00

14.50 232.00

3,364.00 48,778.00

32.25 895.00

5,956.75

Iyi = (mll . Ttk . brt) xo = Ai . xi

Iy = Iyi + (xi-xo) . Ai
(cm)
(cm)
Ai
702 + (3 - 6,66)
1
.39.6 =
702.00
6.66
12
. 234 =
3,836.57
828 + (3 - 6,66)
1
.46.6 =
828.00
6.66
12
. 276 =
4,525.19
2.679,69 + (8,75 -6,66)
1
.6.17,5 = 2,679.69
6.66
12
. 105 =
3,138.34
144+ (3 -6,66)
1
.8.6 =
144.00
6.66
12
. 48 =
786.99
16.259,33 + (14,5 - 6,66)
1
.8.29 = 16,259.33
6.66
12
.232 =
30,519.35
20,613.02

61,839.06

42,806.44

Mencari Cxy
No.

xi
(cm)

yi
(cm)

Ai
(cm)

xi-xo
(cm)

yi-yo
(cm)

Cxy = (xi-xo) (yi-yo) . Ai

(cm)

3.00

19.50

234.00

-3.66

3.86

-3,305.86

3.00

29.00

276.00

-3.66

13.36

-13,495.74

8.75

3.00

105.00

2.09

-12.64

-2,773.85

3.00

4.00

48.00

-3.66

-11.64

2,044.92

14.50

4.00

232.00

7.84

-11.64

-21,171.76

-38,702.29

Momen Inersia Ekstreem

I

= Ix + Iy
(Ix - Iy)

+ (cxy)
2
2
= 187,598.37 + 42,806.44
( 187,598.37 - 42,806.44 )

+ ( -38,702.29 )
2
2
10,482,351,497 + 1,497,867,406
= 115,202.40
=

115,202.40

109,454.19

I Max =

115,202.40

109,455.19 =

I Min =

115,202.40

109,456.19 =

224,657.59 cm
5,746.21 cm

PERSAMAAN ELLIPS
Arah Ellips

tg 2

- Cxy
Ix - Iy
2
- ( -38,702.29 )
187,598.37 - 42,806.44
2

tg 2 =
=

0.53

= 27,92

27,92
2

= 13,96

38,702.29
72,395.97

Jari-jari Ellips
Terhadap sumbu x :
= ix =

Ix

=
Ai

187,598.37
895.00

= 14.48

cm

cm

Terhadap sumbu y :
= iy =

Iy
42,806.44
=
Ai
895.00

Persamaan Ellips
x
iy

y
ix

= 1

ix . x + iy . Y

= ix . Iy

14,48 . x + 6,92 .y
209.67 x +

= 14,48 . 6,92

47.89 y = 10,040.36

6.92

Gambar Ellips di profil tersusun

ukuran dalam mm

xi + (yi-yo) . Ai
(cm)
+ (19,5 - 15,64)

yi + (xi-xo) . Ai
(cm)

3 + (14,5 - 6,66)