Finally..the Very Final and Also Very Late Class Album of Bn2b

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Message from
the Class Mayor
How fast time flies. Two Years seemed like only yesterday. We were just like young
butterflies then, fresh from our cocoons and hesitant to spread our wings. But as we went
through the stages of community and hospital exposure, we developed larger and more
beautiful wings and even tiny “horns” to match our little “mischievousness”
Our precious time and memorable moments spent in the four corners of our classroom,
community exposure in Pontevedra and hospital exposures will always linger in our memories.
The mixed emotion of our first time to get to know our clients and adjust to the surroundings
we’re working. The feeling of being welcomed as a family is truly irreplaceable. The trademark
of a true nurse lies in the intensity of our academics, social, human, and spiritual formation.
As your class mayor for SY 2008-2009, it is with great pride that I congratulate you my
fellow classmates. This day marks the beginning of a more critical and tougher struggle against
the odds; an outset of a greater effort for more triumphs and accomplishments, for the strife has
just begun.
In behalf of the BN2B, I sincerely extend our immense gratitude and commendable
applause to all our teachers, especially our clinical instructors who in one way or another have
helped us see the horizon and great dimension of education and nursing care.
To my fellow class officers, thank you very much for your unending smiles and care for
our section. I would also like to commend our level chair and moderators who are so committed
and dedicated to help us realize the importance of responsibility, hard work and concern for our
future roles in the society and as nurses. To our ever supportive parents, who have nurtured us
to leap to the threshold of success, thank you so much.
I hope that you will never forget to acknowledge our God for He will be the light of our
path. My fellow classmates may you remain to be Florence Nightingales by heart forever.
As one family we choose to be better and “B” the Best.
Yours Truly,
Shaula
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BN2B Class Mayor
SY 2008-2009
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As part of the course requirement for this semester, we, the BSN 2b
was assigned to Barangay Canroma as our adopted community. Through our
weekly visits, we were given our adopted families to teach, practice our
community skills, and interact with.
Through the course of time, we were able to know our families better.
Our class was blessed to have such a welcoming and warm community.
Although the weather and the long travel time were not always favorable,
the families in our community were very cooperative and enthusiastic about
our visits.
This album is basically our class’ hand in hand effort with the
community. It includes the visits we had, our assigned activities per visit, and
the culmination activity towards the end. We learned from them as much as
they learned from us because if not for their efforts, all of this would not
have been possible. Our clinical instructors also made us believe in ourselves
and stuck with us through the entire process. Our health teaching plans,
daily plan of activities, and home visit forms not only made us meet our
requirements, it also brought us closer to our community. The memories we
made were not only about the curriculum itself, they were also about our
warm conversations with our clients; “therapeutic communication”, as we
would call it although in general, it was therapeutic on our part too.

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Our exposure is truly a great experience and as a class, we are looking
forward to these coming years with Barangay Canroma. They made us grow
as future nurses, made us a member of their community, and most of all,
made us a part of their family.

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First and foremost, we would like to thank the Father Almighty, for without
Him, none of this would be possible. Lord, we thank you because despite the
sleepless nights and seemingly endless list of things to do, we were able to
accomplish this with as much perseverance and heart we are capable of.
Thank you also to our clients, the resident of Barangay Canroma, for opening
their hearts and homes for us. We learned a lot from our memories and
experiences. You and with your cooperation has aided us in our goals.
To our classmates, we may not always see eye to eye but eventually our hard
work and unity brings about the most unexpected results. For the late night,
last minute preparations, laugh trips and many more sequence shots to
make and to the support, thank you.
Lastly, to our three beautiful, intelligent and considerate Clinical Instructors,
Ms. Chua, Ms. Cadena, and Ms. Latiza, thank you. Thank you for valuable
advice and knowledge. We know that sometimes we may be a little too much
to handle but you kept your faith in us. Your unwavering support and
constant considerations will always be remembered. We would not be where
we are today without you guiding and supporting us every step we make.
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It was on the brisk Friday morning of November 28, 2008 in the room B36
when the three groups of the class of BN2-B were waiting nervously for the arrival of
their designated Clinical Instructors. Some eager for the awaiting adventure, some
still hungry due to the fact that they had skipped breakfast to get to school on time
and some utterly sleepy because they were not able to get the complete number of
hours of sleep during the previous night. All were checking and rechecking their
attires and their paraphernalia, making sure that all were complete and ship shape
for the day’s undertakings.
The Clinical Instructors finally arrived, checked everyone’s paraphernalia and
attires and gave the community orientation. They had previously announced that
the community to be adopted was the community of Barangay Canroma in the
Municipality of Pontevedra. When all the preparations were said and done and when
the last of the students had boarded the school bus; the adventure towards the
community of Barangay Canroma in the Municipality of Pontevedra had begun. After
the 1 hour long bus ride we were dropped off in the community.
With long black umbrella in one hand and the paraphernalia bag in the other,
we ventured off into the strange land that we were to adopt, led by our beloved
Clinical Instructors of course. Each group was clustered together in different puroks
within the barangay’s vicinity and each student was introduced to his or her
respective client, they got to know their respective clients and became acquainted
with the community with the completion of their worksheet C’s. And the rest just
went by really fast. The class had been going back every Friday morning with
different activities in their to-do lists for at least five weeks.
And finally on the sixth week the culmination day began along with activities
such as the mental feeding and the mother’s class. Which were all fun and we got
to see how much the people in the community of Barangay Canroma in the
municipality of Pontevedra appreciated our prescence. All in all it was a great
learning experience not only for the people in the community but also for all of us
who had been privileged enough to become a part of this set of activities.
So we, the class of BN2B school year 2008- 2009, dedicate this album to the
beautiful people of barangay Canroma in the municipality of Pontvedra, our very
supportive Clinical Instructor, namely Ms. Choluie Chua, Mrs. Jocelyn Cadena and
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Mrs. Maria Aida Cheryl Latiza for their support and general guidance and to all those
who had made this wonderful experience possible.
Many thanks and more power!
Foreword : A Message From the Class Mayor..................................... .......2

Preface............................................................................................................. .........4
Acknowledgements........................................................................................... ......6
The Story: Where It All Began.............................................................................. .8
Table of Contents..................................................................................................10
Vicinity Map............................................................................. ..............................11
Spot Map............................................................................... .................................12
Group Profiles............................................................................................. ...........13
Components of the Community : Core..................................... ...............16

Physical Environment............................................................ .............32
Education..................................................... ..................................40
Safety and Transportation...............................................................57
Politics and Government........................................................... .......81
Health and Social Services..................................................... ..........92
Communication.............................................................................................148
Economics................................................................................ .....155
Recreation........................................................ ............................178
Appendices................................................... .....................................189
Bibliography................................................................................................. .....216
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Spot map(to
be inserted)
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Group 1
Group 1 is located at Purok Punong just a few meters upon the entrance to
Barangay Canroma. Our location is somewhat L shaped and ends with numerous
fish ponds taken care of by the residents of the purok as well. For our clients, most
of them are adults with extended families or siblings living together. Group 1 was
very fortunate to have been given very cooperative and generous clients. Although
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it takes a lot of time for us to walk and disperse ourselves in our area, the group
was able to meet our objectives on time with our clients’ help.
Group 2
Each of the members in group 2 has their own unique color or

personality. Each has their own forte which could either stem from our
talents or just our own intellectual capabilities. Group 2 have been honed
and polished throughout the whole semester to contribute to what we are
now. Here comes 2nd year 2nd semester where there are new groupings.
Friends must separate if the starting letters of their names aren’t
alphabetically close; new groupings, new ties, new bonds, and new
memories to create. There are also adjustments for not all of us are
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comfortable with each other. The group slowly learned to drift away from our
comfort zones, not knowing that doing such could yield memories that can
also be good enough for us. Bonds were really tested especially in the tasks
that are assigned for the different groups. It was a memorable event for in
there, the colors all melded to create a beautiful, lingering and priceless
piece of artwork.
Group 3
Being exposed in a community in different places here in Bacolod,
helped the group a lot in the understanding about nursing, it really helps
us to enhance our skills, abilities, and even our characters and attitudes.
Helping people, who are in need of help, really builds passion in what
Group 3 does. It doesn't only focus on the group, but most especially to
those people who are living in a community that seeks help and advice on
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their diseases or illnesses. Group 3 was there to promote health and teach
them to prevent diseases. And for the group, it is a great privilege to do
this. We are blessed by God, and now it's time to bless those who are in
need.
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COMPONENTS OF THE COMMUNITY
Among the components of the community, the Core component comprises
most of the community. Thus, we can say that it is the most vital and basic part of
any community. The Core is basically composed of the demographic characteristics
of the population. Examples of these are the age group of the people, the sex
characteristics of the population, civil status of the population and the family size of
each household.
History of Pontevedra
Local historians and scholars who have been doing research and studies on
the history of Negros Occidental confirm that the town of Pontevedra was named
after that beautiful place in the Galicia region of Spain. The records at the Spanish
Archives and other European public libraries would bear it out. Pontevedra is indeed
an Iberian world.
Obviously, when the Spaniards began colonizing the Island of Buglas (old
name of Negros), they might have been homesick of their hometown in Spain that
in order to always put it in their hearts and remember their loved ones left behind,
they named our town “Pontevedra” and later on some of them decided to stay and
make it their second home, thus helped bring to the shores of Buglas Island the rich
Spanish and European culture and influence, and most importantly Christianity,
where to this day the people of Pontevedra remain 85% Roman Catholic.
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Before the Spaniards came however, Pontevedra was already called “Marayo”
by the settlers who originally came from the neighboring islands of Guimaras and
Panay. Marayo was an old Ilonggo term (or “karay-a”) which meant a faraway place
when Pontevedra was viewed by the people of Guimaras and Panay across the
Guimaras Strait at that time. Life was so simple that naming a person and place was
primarily based on their physical features and characteristics. There was only the
sailboat as the primary means of transportation so that anything separated by the
sea looked so far away indeed. Superstitious belief was prevalent and various spirits
such as those of the forest, sea, river, water, etc. were called upon for their
blessings and help. The beliefs on underworld characters such as “aswang”,
“kapre”, “tamawo”, “tayho”, “amamanhig”, “bagat”, “hubot”, “dwende”, “kalag”,
and others were widespread that it seemed theirs was an eerie world after dark.
There was also the practice of black magic called “hiwit” and “paktakon” (fortune
telling) by the gifted or village elders.
Those original settlers built their camps and makeshift houses along the
shore and the river because most of them were the migratory fishermen lured by
the abundance of fish. These settlers became content of what the place could
provide them that they began building bigger settlements and organizing
themselves into tribes and clusters (presently called “puroks” or “sitios”) with
leaders and spiritual advisers cum medicine men. They brought with them the
knowledge on trade and barter and introduced better methods of farming. They
raised farm animals such as pigs, carabaos and goats and domesticated dogs and
cats.
At first the natives of Panay lived side by side with the domestic “Atis” who
were the indigenous people of Buglas Island. The Atis were experts on hunting but
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they were nomadic too. They had no permanent place to stay because they were
always hunting for food. Perhaps the main reason why these two distinct tribes
eventually separated was because of physical and cultural differences actually. The
“Atis” were small, dark and curly haired while the Panay settlers belonged to the
Malay race who were much bigger, straight haired and fair or brown-skinned. They
had different ethnic languages that compounded their problem on integration as
they could never effectively relate to one another. Notwithstanding this fact, they
were gentle, peaceful and forgiving people that no serious tribal war ever occurred
between them.
Later when the Spaniards came and began colonizing the country, a group of
Spanish conquistadores, “frailes” (friars) and high-ranking officials set foot in the
Island of Buglas to claim it in the name of Spain similar to what their peers were
doing in other parts of the archipelago. After christening a place in the central
portion of Buglas facing the sea (now known as Guimaras Strait) “Pontevedra”,
these colonizers began introducing governance with the Church at the helm. Thus
the beginning of Spain’s heavy influence among the people of Negros and
specifically Pontevedra. Those natives who at first resisted them were either
intimidated with force, the Spaniards having had superior armaments, ships,
military tactics and supplies which could last many days. Some natives were bullied,
bodily harmed and even killed during skirmishes. While the natives used crude
bolos, spears and arrows, the colonizers used canons, muskets and catapults with
body armours to shield them from spears and arrows. The native women were
befriended and offered the gift of the Christianity by the priests and friars to soften
their stand and appeal to their men folk to accept the colonization peacefully. It
later became known as the conquest by the Sword and the Cross. It then started
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Spain’s colonization of the archipelago which lasted close to 400 years (and ended
in 1898 when the Battle of Manila Bay was won by the Americans against the
Spaniards). It was at the point in history that the Spaniards decided to call the place
“Pontevedra” in loving remembrance of its namesake in Spain.
Having established a foothold in Buglas and Pontevedra, Spain proceeded to
introduce its own style of governance which was heavily influenced by religion
through the friars as there was no separation of Church and State at that time. In
1856 a Spanish decree finally established the pueblo of Pontevedra, as it used to be
part of Ginigaran (now the Municipality of Hinigaran to the South). The
establishment of pueblo Pontevedra was endorsed by the Bishop of Cebu.
The first “cabeza” or head of the community in Pontevedra was Cirilo
Ledesma. What followed was the construction of the first Christian church on
September 3, 1870 made possible by virtue of another Spanish decree and
supervised by a Spanish Recollect priest, Fr. Andres Ferrero. As a gift, the church
through Father Ferrero was subsequently granted 1,000 hectares as friar land by the
Spanish authority as was the practice then. It was later reduced to 715 hectares and
was located some 15 kilometres southeast of the poblacion in what is now known as
the Legua Communal area. The land was ultimately passed onto the ownership of
the pueblo (it was offered to the Department of Agrarian Reform or “DAR” on a
Voluntary Offer to Sell Scheme in line with the revitalized Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Program after the EDSA Revolution of 1986 by the local town officials ending
more than 100 years of ownership by the local government of Pontevedra).
In early days of the Spanish regime, the parish priest of the adjacent pueblo
San Enrique came to Pontevedra once in a while to say mass and attend to the
spiritual needs of the local folk. Since there was no church yet in Pontevedra at that
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time, the owners of houses often offered their places for the mass to be officiated,
until Father Ferrero built the first church.
In the 19th century, another wave of migrants from Panay who were looking
for richer fishing grounds and promising lands for farming lured by a legendary tale
of their forefathers of a beautiful place with abundant fish made a second exodus
after a very long time and found their way to the “marayo” land. A certain Dionisio
Cortez from Antique was the first to settle in and cut trees for his house. It was
Cirilio Ledesma who was appointed the first “cabeza” or head of the community as
he figured prominently in organizing the people thereby establishing his influence
over them. Records show that among the mestizo families who stayed in
Pontevedra were the Camposes.
The seat of local government, the “casa real” or municipal hall was built in
the western portion of the Poblacion next to the town plaza and the adjacent shore
facing the Guimaras Strait. A short distance from the casa real was the parochial
school where Catechism, Cartilla Gaton, Guia de Artesano and Aritmetica were
taught. Under the Spanish regime, the town mayor was called “Capitan Municipal”
and was elected through a general election. He usually carried a cane (“baston”)
made of kamagong or borlas with carvings as a symbol of authority.
It was in the late 19th to the early 20th century that Pontevedra was having its
glorious days as the transhipment point (or “Embarcadero”) of a new industry called
sugar. The wharf built by the Central Azucarera de La Carlota Y Pontevedra along
the Marayo River where sugar was loaded to the seagoing “batil” to be distributed
all over the country made Pontevedra a lively town and produced influential families
known as “hacienderos” whose lands were planted to sugarcane. A hacienda then
became the landlord’s fierfdom where he is entitled to the loyalty of his workers (or
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technically his subjects). In his land he is considered to be the “Patron” who takes
care of the needs of his workers and looks after their welfare.
On January 21, 1901, the Municipality of Pontevedra came into being by
virtue of the Declaration of the Philippine Commission Act no. 82 otherwise known
as the Municipal Code. It was during the American regime in the Philippines which
began at the turn of the century when through the Treaty of Paris Spain ceded the
archipelago to the United States in 1898. The era was known as the Americanization
of the Philippines. It was also in 1901 after the “defeat” of the Spaniards that they
were rounded up by the American invaders and their Filipino cohorts and arrested.
However, the Treaty of Paris allowed the Spaniards to remain in the archipelago but
had to first plead allegiance to the American occupation and those who chose to go
back to Spain and Europe were allowed Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines were
bought by the United States for $20 million and became American territories.
Almost every Filipino was swept away by the American culture and the “liberal”
policy of the new colonizer. Having felt better off with the lenient Americans than
with the strict Spaniards, our people loved to be associated with everything
identified with the Stars and Stripes, most importantly the English language with its
slangs as well as the Hollywood movies and the eloquent English songs and ballads.
The Filipinos were mesmerized by the American way of life. There was even a point
in history when the Filipinos were called “Little Brown Americans”. American
business might have entered the country and the Filipino culture was dramatically
changed. It thus began the “Americanization” of the Filipino people, and the country
was declared a part of the American Commonwealth of nations where Manuel L.
Quezon became its President. In the local scene the position of capitan municipal
was changed to municipal president with a term of three years. In Pontevedra they
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were Severino Cuizon, Meliton Garaton, Tito Silverio, Andres Custodio, Miguel
Custodio, Gil Capadocia, Aurelio Perez, Andres Covacha, Emilio Parroco, Miguel
Geanga and Emilio Magsusi.
It continued this way until the invasion of the Japanese Imperial Army during
the Second World War on December, 1941 shortly after the bombing of pearl
harbour in Hawaii. The Japanese appointed Andres Covacha mayor of Pontevedra,
while the Resistance Movement designated and recognized Felix Gordevilla mayor
of Free Pontevedra under Alfredo Montelibano, Sr. of the Philippine Civil
Government, an ally of the Americans. They established their sear of government in
the hills of Negros and constantly harassed the Japanese. These brave young
idealistic men and women who were called “guerrillas” and Roberto Benedicto was
one of their leaders. (Some of these guerrillas who would later become town
officials of Pontevedra were Marino Rubin who became mayor and Florencio
“Fencing” Alonso who became councillor among others, after the war.)
In 1941 the Commonwealth was abruptly abolished and changed into a
Japanese Puppet Government after the invasion of the country by the Japanese
Imperial Forces and started World War II. The “Japs” as they were called by the
Filipino and American resistance fighters annexed the Philippines into what became
the “East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” and entered into an alliance with the Axis
Power in Europe led by Germany. World War II in Pontevedra produced local heroes
and legends, some of whom offered their lives for the country, freedom, and
democracy. They were the guerrillas who gave their Japs their worst nightmare,
notwithstanding the “boys” ‘ lack of proper military training, armaments and
equipment, they fought and fight hard they did in all fronts that prompted Winston
Churchill of Britain to say, “The Filipino soldiers are second to none. “They never
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ceased to harass the Japanese with or without arms.” Some involved themselves in
intelligence gathering and passed vital information to the Resistance. Others gave
sheter, food, medicines and nursed the wounded, or helped them escape.
When Liberation came after the Japanese invading forces were routed by the
Filipinos and Americans, and starting in 1945, a succession of mayors of Pontevedra
followed: they were Miguel Perez, Apolonio Espinosa, Justiniano Soliguen, Pio
Suanico, Vicente Suanico, Damaso Centena, Jr. Marino Rubin, Julio Celes, Romulo
Deles, Silverio Mogar, Carlos O. Cojuangco and Jose Benito A. Alonsa. With
Cojuangco and Alonso, Pontevedra’s political landscape dramatically changed
brought about by the emergence of new blood in governance and public service,
dislodging the traditional politicians.
In the local elections of 2007, Jose Maria Alvarez Alonso trounced his
opponent Roscoe Deles in the mayoralty race to become the incumbent local chief
executive of Pontevedra until 2010. Alonso belongs to the family of public servants
who has had a long history of dedicated and unblemished service to the
municipality and people.
The only remaining dialect which reminds every Pontevedrahanon of his or
her ancestors who came from Panay and Guimaras is “Marayo” being used to this
day as the official name of the river that runs through the Poblacion, although some
older folk still affectionately call the town Marayo, a word as endearing and
significant as the local history itself.

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Population Density of Barangay Canroma

BARANGAY CANROMA
Estimated Population as of May 2008
Table 1
No. of Gende No. of Percent No. of Percent TOTAL Percent
Househ r Family age Depende age age
olds Heads nts
Male 591 83% 982 42% 1573 52%
642 Female 124 17% 1354 58% 1478 48%
TOTAL 715 100% 2336 100% 3051 100%
BARANGAY CANROMA
Projected Population 1999-2010
Table 2
Population
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Barang 1903 1925 1947 1969 1992 2014 2038 2062 2084
ay
Canro
ma
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Frequency and Percentage Distribution of
Gender Characteristics of Families in
Barangay Canroma, Pontevedra, Neg. Occ.
Table 3
Gender Frequen Percentag
cy e
Male 135 52%
Female 127 48%
TOTAL 262 100%
Figure 3
Interpretation:
The community of Purok Punong, Barangay Canroma, Pontevedra is
composed mainly of the male population. The male population as shown by Figure 3
shows the number of male and female respondents. The male comprises 52% of the
overall population and the female comprises the remaining 48% of the population.
Thus, this implies that Barangay Canroma of Pontevedra is a male dominated
community.
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Gender Characteristics of Families in

Table 4
Range of Age Frequency Percentage
Infant ( 1 year and below) 3 1%
Toddler/Preschool (2-6 years) 10 4%
School Age (7-12 years) 24 9%
Adolescent (13-17) 17 7%
Young Adult (18-25 years) 52 20%
Adults (26-60 years) 137 52%
Old Adults (61 years and 19 7%
above)
TOTAL 262 100%
Figure 4
Interpretation:
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Figure 4 shows that most part of the population fall in the range of adults or
ages 26 to 60. It comprises 52% of the population. Then, it is followed by the Young
Adult age group which is 20% of the population. Following it is the School age
population. These 24 children is the 9% of the population. Teenagers and the Elderly
each comprise 7% of the population followed by the toddlers and preschool, which
4%. Lastly, the Infant group only composes 1% of the total population.
Civil Status of Children in

Table 5
Civil Reside Percent
Status nts age
Single 114 62%
Married 69 38%
TOTAL 183 100%

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Figure 5
Interpretation:
Figure 5 shows that children comprises mostly of Single Status citizens. They
are 62% of the overall population of the children. The married children population is
only 69 of the population and only 38% of the population. This explains that most of
the children are still dependent or does not have his/her own family yet.
Number of Children of Families in

Table 6
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Number Frequenc Percenta

of y ge
Children
1 4 9%
2 4 9%
3 5 11%
4 6 14%
5 3 7%
6 7 16%
7 2 4%
8 3 7%
9 4 9%
10 3 7%
No 3 7%
children
TOTAL 44 100% Figure 6
Interpretation:
In Figure 6 it shows that most of the household in the community have six (6)
children. Seven of the households or 16% of the population responded to this.
Following it are households with four (4) children having 14% of the total population.
Then, households with three (3) children comprise 11% of the population. It is
followed by households with one (1), two (2) and nine (9) children having 9% each
of the total respondents. Then, households with five (5), eight (8), ten (10) and no
children each have 7% of the overall population. Lastly, households with seven (7)
children places last with 2 responses or 4% of the population.
Size of Families in

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Table 7
Number of Households Percentage
family
members
1-3 7 16%
4-6 15 34%
7-9 13 30%
10-12 9 20%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 7
Interpretation:
Shown in Figure 7 is that most of households having more or less 4-6 family
members, which is 34% of the population. Then, 7-9 family size follows next with 13
responses or 30%. Then, it is followed by 10-12 family size with 20% of the overall
population. Ending the last place of all is the 1-3 family size which is 16% of the
population. Thus, we can say that Barangay Canroma Pontevedra is composed
mostly of a large family size.
Summary of Findings:
The following are the summary of findings based on the gathered data:
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o The community is a male dominated population which comprises 52% of
the population. It is best that programs on sports and hobbies should be
implemented because most males are sports-oriented. This would help
them to avoid using illegal drugs since these activities will keep them
busy.
o In terms of age groups, the adult comprises 52% of the total population
which is why occupational health care should be given much attention. It
is in this age group wherein people work for their family so they are prone
to work-related injuries and accidents. They are also prone to many
diseases such as hypertension and diabetes because usually it is in these
ages where these diseases start to appear.
o The large family size goes to show that family planning methods are not
well implemented in the area. Also, there is also big risk of a fast spread
of diseases because of the big family size. Members would most likely
infect another member when they come in contact with each other
because they belong to big family size and they will see each other much
often.
Conclusion:
The major health implication of the core system is the large size of
families in the community of Barangay Canroma. With a dense population
size based on the data gathered, it would be dangerous when one member
of the community gets sick and the transfer of bacteria would be fast
because of the many number of people in the society. It will be an easy

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spread of microorganisms knowing that each family consists of most likely 6
members. Infection will also be easy since family members come in contact
with each other every day so it is not impossible for the family member to be
contaminated. And this might eventually lead to an epidemic and
contaminate the whole community. Also, with a large size of family, there will
not be easy access of food for each member so lack of nutrition might be
another cause of this problem.
Recommendation:
Based on the summary of findings of the data gathered, the following
recommendations are made:
o It is recommended that the community focus on occupational health care
because of the big population of adults in the family. It is in this age group
wherein they work for their family so they are most likely to have work-
related health problems.
o Family planning should also be given focus because it is evident in the data
given that they have many children. This could help each family prevent
unwanted births and prevent death due to birth.
o And most importantly, information dissemination should also be given focus
because some members of the community are unaware of the health
programs of the community. Also, as nurses, health education is one of the
ways to give information to the members of the community and probably the
most effective way of information dissemination.

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PHY SIC AL EN VIRONM ENT

The health of individuals and communities are greatly affected by a
combination of many factors. One of them naturally is the Physical environment.
The environment has a significant effect on the health of the population. It includes
the assessment and possible control of some of the environmental factors that may
potentially affect health. Some examples of these environmental factors are the
physical, chemical and biological issues that surround the people living in the
community. The vermins, household pests, household structures, safe water and
clean air, healthy workplaces, safe houses, communities and roads all contribute to
good health.
The diseases of today are mostly manmade and are due to pollution and
mismanagement of the environment which has a direct effect on the overall health
status of the people in the community. Urban growth which increases economic and
industrial developments in the country exposes the population to serious
environmental hazards.
Proper environmental management is the key to avoiding the most of all
preventable illnesses which are directly caused by environmental factors. Physical
environment is defined as the natural boundaries that comprise a community, the
types of dwellings that the people inhabit, the animals that are present in their
household and other factors outside of their respective bodies. By being careful on
the physical environment of a community, there is a great possibility that we may
be able to save lives, prevent deaths and minimize illnesses.

36
37
Structure of Houses in

Table 8
Housing Number Percentage
Structure
Nipa 8 18.18%
Wood 5 11.36%
Stone 0 0%
Cement 17 38.64%
Others 14 31.82%
(Combination of
any)
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 8
Interpretation:
Most of the housing structure, as shown in the figure above, shows that
they are made of Cement. Thus, we can say that they have a safe shelter to
live in. Safety in the household is not a major problem in the community. But
there are still a few others whose houses are made of Nipa and wood so they
are the ones that are more prone to loss of home in times of disasters.
38
Electrical Connection in

Table 9
Electrical Frequency Percentage
Connection
Yes 43 98%
No 1 2%
Total 44 100%
Figure 9
Interpretation:
The households in Barangay Canroma, Pontevedra are well supplied
with the luxury of electricity. Figure 9 shows the evidence that almost all or
98% of households have electricity and only 2% does not have electrical
connection. Although there is one house that isn’t supplied with electricity,
the overall ratio of the houses with electricity supply and the house without
electricity supply is not that bad compared to other rural communities.

39
Pests and Vermin in Households of

Table 10
Pest and Frequency Percentage
Vermin
Mosquitoes 15 18%
Flies 7 8%
Cockroach 3 4%
Ants 32 38%
Rats 27 32%
TOTAL 84 100%
Figure 10
Interpretation:
Based on the data received in Figure 10, we see that the
majority of household in Barangay Canroma, Pontevedra are infested with
pests and vermins. A total of 32 or 38% of households say they have
problems with Ants and 27 or 32% say they suffer from rat attacks.
Mosquitoes are the next problems with 15 or 18% of the total responses. Flies
are only 8% and Cockroaches are the least pest problem with only 4%.
40
Majority of households are really infested with pests and vermin and this
could be an implication of many major health diseases.
Controlling Pests and Vermin in

Table 11
Pest Control Frequenc Percenta
y ge
Fogging 6 13%
Chalk, Moth Balls and other 20 44%
Poisons
Gas/Crude Oil 2 5%
By Force 6 13%
Protection 2 5%
Traps 1 2%
Soap and Water 5 11%
Does not know how 4 7%
TOTAL 46 100%
41
Figure 11
Interpretation:
As shown in Figure 11, the most used method of destroying pests and
vermins is poison. It comprises 44% of the total responses. Next to it is by
force and fogging with 13%. It is then followed by cleaning and using soap
and water with 11%. 9% said they do not know and following it is 4% each by
using protective measures like mosquito net and using gas or crude oil.
Lastly, only 2% use traps against vermin and pests. This means that people
from this community believe that fogging is the best way of controlling pests.
o There is a high portion of the population whose houses are made of
cement. Thus, most of them don’t have many problems in terms of
housing structure.
o There are just few who have problems in terms of their house
structure. Since houses have electricity, caution on electrical injuries
must be given priority especially to children. Although there is one
house that doesn’t have electricity, the majority of the houses are well
supplied considering that the place is a rural community.

42
o Also, incidences of pest and vermin attacks are high so families are at
risk of vector diseases. Among all the pests that are continually
present in the community, the most dominant are rats and ants. These
pests usually breed in dirty and unsanitary places and cause great
incidence of diseases like Leptospirosis. Basing from the findings, we
can say that there is a great possibility that these vermin increase in
number because of improper disposal of animal wastes, garbage and
the like.
o Lastly, the residents in the community largely prefer to eradicate their
pests through poison however a great percentage also lie on the use of
force which should discouraged since this way could only further
complicate and boost the chances of the spread of microorganisms and
bacteria already present in the vermin.
Conclusion:
Based on the data that had been collected during the research
regarding the rural community of Barangay Canroma in Pontevedra, the
researchers may conclude that the community’s chief problem is the sheer
number of incidence of vermin and pest infestations within the vicinity of
their individual households. Given such facts the researchers can comply that
the people in the community all face a great risk of contracting illnesses that
are spread via these vermin and pests.
Also their manner for reducing this threat of pest and vermin vectors
leaves least to be desired for the researchers of this study. The people of
Barangay Canroma in the municipality of Pontevedra used methods such as
indiscriminate fogging for mosquitoes and poisoning for others such as

43
rodents, cockroaches and termites which is not that effective when getting rid
of such creatures that may procreate very quickly. Indiscriminate fogging for
one thing does not kill the mosquitoes but rather makes them move from one
community to the other.
Recommendation:
Based on the data that has been gathered, the following recommendations
are made:
o The only house that isn’t supplied with electricity should also opt to be
supplied since electricity would help ease the homeowner’s daily lives.
o Vermin or Pest control must be given priority by the health sector
because vermin and pests is one of the major causes of diseases such
as dengue hemorrhagic fever and malaria.
o Household safety for children must be given attention to avoid
electrical injuries.
44
Under this subsystem are the schools available in the community, facilities,
activities affecting education, ratio of health educators to learners ratio of
45
classrooms to learners, distribution of educational facilities and condition of

the schools, distance of school from home, educational attainments and what
informal educational facilities and activities exist in the community.
Ann Radcliffe once said that a well-informed mind is the best security
against the contagion of folly and of vice. The vacant mind is ever on the
watch for relief, and ready to plunge into error, to escape from the languor of
idleness. If we are educated, we would know what is right and what is wrong
and with this, we can make decisions that we know are best for us or for
whatever it is that we intend. Education is the knowledge of putting one's
potentials to maximum use. One can safely say that a human being is not in
the proper sense till he is educated.
Education is also a significant factor in determining the health of a
person or of a community. Low education levels are linked with poor health,
more stress and lower self confidence thus also lowering the productivity and
self worth of a person. This could often lead to depression and also depressed
health. Aside from these, without proper education, knowledge would not be
available thus making the people ignorant especially on their health
measures thereby also triggering the greater chances of the onsets of
diseases.
Education makes man a right thinker. Knowledge of right and wrong
allows us to view things from an outside perspective. With education, we are
able to acquaint ourselves with our pasts, reflect on our present and plan for
our future. With education, we become more rational thus we become more
capable of deciding things on our own which leads to what may happen
tomorrow. Just like what Aristotle once said, “All who have meditated on the
art of governing mankind have been convinced that the fate of empires
depends on the education of youth.” The condition of the world tomorrow will
entirely depend on how we educate our youth today because indeed, the
foundation of every state is the education of its youth.
Education's purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

46
Pontevedra is divided into two districts with Pontevedra I having 11
Elementary Schools with a total population of 3, 834 while Pontevedra II also
having 11 schools with a total population of 4,068. It has 2 private
Elementary Schools namely: Calvary Learning Center and Seventh-day
Adventist. All of these schools could be reached and are strategically located
as to answer the needs of education in the municipality. The rate of
enrollment each year in almost all schools is not stable. All schools
experience a decrease and increase in the number of students each year.
Though the number of classrooms is sufficient, most of them are of poor
condition, dilapidated, condemnable and need replacement. There is also a
lack of modern facilities in teaching to cater to the demands of highly
technological education. The classrooms are small and some schools are
unable to provide proper water and lighting facilities to the students. There
are few or none at all laboratories for Economics, Industrial Arts and
Agriculture in some schools. Some Elementary Schools like in the Case of
Canroma have no libraries at present since the school managers decided to
utilize the room for storage due to the lack of books and other reading
materials.
Pontevedra is geographically located in the central portion of Negros
Occidental. But supervision falls on South Negros Subdivision, with sub-office
at Pontevedra South Elementary School.The Pontevedra subdivision office
serves 14 other elementary schools districts, 27 secondary schools and 18
extension National High Schools. With the new set-up, Pontevedra is now
47
considered the educational center of the Southern Negros Area. The districts
and schools mentioned are located in 8 Municipality in Negros Occidental.
In terms of academic achievements, the Pontevedra Elementary School
learners topped the other school learners, based on the National, Regional
and Division Evaluation. In the National Entrance Achievement Test they
ranked No. 2 both in the whole Division and Districts and in the Regional
Achievement Test while in the Subdivision, they ranked No. 1.
Presently, there are 24 public schools, offering basic education, broken
down as follows: Nineteen elementary schools, 4 secondary public schools, 2
private elementary schools and 1 private secondary school. Serving a total of
7,902 elementary, and 3,518 secondary students.
The Elementary Schools are broken down into 5-big, 13 medium sized
and 2 small sized elementary schools. The 5 big elementary schools are:
Pontevedra South Elementary School, Pontevedra North Elementary School,
Antipolo Elementary School, Miranda Elementary School and San Isidro
Elementary School,while the 13 medium sized elementary schools are as
follows: Recreo, Canroma, M.H. del Pilar, Mabini, Genreal Malvar, Cambarus,
Trinidad, Casal-agan, Carmen, Pandan, Zamora, Camingawan and San Juan.
Lastly, the 2-Small sized schools are Burgos and Buenavista Rizal Elementary
Schools.
Saint Michael Academy is the only private High School in the
Municipality under the supervision of the University of St. La Salle.
Pontevedra National High School is adjacent to Pontevedra South Elementary
School. It has a population of 1,421 with 39 faculty members. There are 3
other National High Schools in the Barangays of Antipolo, Miranda and San
48
Isidro. These secondary schools are managed and supervised by their school
heads and principals.
Facilities available in most

schools:
• Library
• Toilet in every room
• Deep well for drinking
• Play ground
• Stage
• Herbal/science garden
• MAPEH room
• H.E. room
• Clinic
• Guidance room
• Discipline Office
• Canteen
49
• Faculty Room
• Classroom
• Storage Room for Files
50
Flow Chart of the Schools both

Elementary and Secondary in
Pontevedra
51
52
STUDENT-TEACHER AND
STUDENT-CLASSROOM RATIO
SCHOOL CURRENT NUMBER STUDENT- NUMBER OF STUDENT-

(PUBLIC/ ENROLLMEN OF TEACHER CLASSROO CLASSROOM
PRIVATE) T TEACHERS RATIO M RATIO
Elementar 11,598 348 1:33 282 1:41
y
3,518 111 1:32 66 1:53
Secondary
Interpretation:
The table above shows that there are 11, 598 current enrollees for
Elementary and 3,518 for Secondary. The number of teachers teaching in the
elementary is 348 thus giving us a student-ratio for Elementary of 1:33. Also,
there are 282 classrooms all in all for the Elementary thus giving a student-
classroom ratio of 1:41. On the other hand, the number of teachers in the
Secondary level is 111 thus giving us a student-ratio for Elementary of 1:32.
Also, there are 66 classrooms all in all for the Secondary thus giving a
student-classroom ratio of 1:53.

53
Educational Attainment of Husbands in
Table 12
Educational Frequency Percentage
Attainment of
Husbands
Elementary 19 45%
High School 17 41%
College 6 14%
TOTAL 42 100%
Figure 12
Interpretation:
As shown in Figure 12, majority of the husbands in the households
have an Educational Attainment of Elementary level only. Then, 41% of them
were able to achieve a high school level of education and only 14% of the
total husband population attained a college level of education.

54
Educational Attainment of Wives in

Table 13
Attainment of
Wives
Elementary 13 33%
High School 18 45%
College 9 22%
TOTAL 40 100%
Figure 13
Interpretation:
Among the wives of the households, majority were able to attain a high
school level of education with 45% of the total wife population as shown in
Figure 13. Then, 33% were able to achieve an elementary level of education
and lastly, 22% were only able to get into college. Thus we can say that the
55
wives in the community are well-knowledgeable because they have at least
entered high school.
Educational Attainment of Children in
Table 14
Attainment of
Children
Pre-school/Day 5 3%
care
Elementary 31 17%
High School 88 48%
College 52 28%
Not in School 7 4%
TOTAL 183 100%
Figure 14
Interpretation:
In Figure 14, it shows that majority of the children or 48% of them are
in high school or has achieved high school level of education. 28% of them
got college-level education, 17% achieved elementary education, 4% are not

56
in school and only 5% are in pre-school or day care. Thus, we can imply that
majority of the children are currently or have finished high school. And a good
number of them got into college.
Distance from Houses to Schools in

Table 15
Distance of Frequen Percenta
School from cy ge
Home
Walking Distance 28 64%
(less than 1 km)
Tricycle Ride 7 16%
Away
(1-2 km)
Very Far 1 2%
(5-6 km)
Doesn’t know 8 18%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 15
Interpretation:
Figure 15 shows that 64% of the total household responded that the
school is just of walking distance from their home. Then, 18% does not know
57
how far the school is. It is followed by 16% who said that the school a tricycle
ride away from their home. And last but not the least, only 2% said that the
school is really far from their home.
Inventory of Schools, Construction

Materials Used and Condition
Municipality of Pontevedra
(1999)
Table
Name of Schools Construction MaterialsCondition
Used
Pontevedra North Cement, wood, lumber, G.I.Permanent
Elementary School sheets
Trinidad Elementary Needs immediate

School Concrete wall, wood window,repair
G.I. sheets and Concrete hollowLeaning all with
blocks cracks
Needs some repair
Camingawan Elementary
School Semi permanent materials Dilapidated/decayi
ng
Burgos Primary wood, steel, cement
Needs some
Pandan Elementary Concrete materials repair
School
Concrete materials Good
Mabini Elementary School
Concrete, wood, and steel Good
M.H. del Pilar Elementary
School Concrete, wood Good
General Malvar
Elementary School wood, steel, cement Dilapidated/decayi
ng
Carmen Elementary Lumber, cement, G.I. sheet
School Needs repair
wood, G.I. sheet, hollow blocks,
Cambarus Elementary cement Some in good
School condition and
some needs repair
Casal-agan Elementary Cement, plywood, coco lumber,
58
school G.1. etc. Temporary
Semi-concrete
Dilapidated/decayi
Calvary Learning Center Concrete ng
Cement, hollow blocks,Needs repair

Pontevedra National High plywood, steel bars, sand and
School gravel. G.I. sheets jalousie. Etc. Dilapidated/decayi
ng
Miranda National High
School
Antipolo National High

School
Name of Schools Construction Materials UsedCondition

59
Saint Michael Academy Cement, iron bars etc. Permanent

Building
San lsidro National High Cement, G.I., wood etc.
School Semi-Permanent
1. Accord Building
Zamora Elementary CHB, lumber, cement, G.I.Needs Repair
School sheet
2. Bagong Lipunan Needs Repair

C.H.B., lumber, cement, G.1
sheet
Needs Repair
3. Marcos Type
Steel, C.H.B., G.l plain (window)
Needs Repair
Buenavista Rizal Lumber, sand, gravel and
Elementary School cement
Good
Canroma Elementary
School Concrete
Good / repairable
San Isidro Elementary Concrete, wood, Steel

School Good
Wood, Concrete,galvanized
Recreo Elementary iron Some are good,
School others needs
repair and 13
Concrete, Cement, wood,classrooms are
Antipolo Elementary galvanized roofing materials condemnable.
School
Needs immediate
repair; leaking
Semi-concrete roofs; damaged
ceilings, windows
San Juan Elementary and doors
School

60
Conditions of Public Schools in

Table 16
Condition Frequency Percentage
Permanent 2 8%
Temporary 1 4%
Semi-Permanent 1 4%
Good 6 24%
Needs some repair 3 12%
Needs repair 6 24%
Needs Immediate 2 8%
repair
Decaying/ 4 16%
Dilapidated
Figure 16
Interpretation:
In Figure 16, it shows that majority of schools have good structures and
still needs repair (24%). Following it is 16% which are already decaying and
dilapidated schools. 12% of these schools needs some repairs, 8% needs
immediate repair and another 8% are already permanent. Only 4% are
temporary and semi-permanent. Thus, there are still a good number of
schools whose structures still need improvement.

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Basing from the data results obtained, in the distribution of the families
surveyed:
o The quality of education attained by the husbands is very low since the
highest frequency feel on the elementary graduate, followed by the high
school and lastly by the very small value from college. This means that
the husbands have low education levels. With this we can say that they
are in great risk of putting themselves in danger of acquiring health
related illnesses because of the greater probability of the prevalence of
ignorance in the community. With this, they have also given themselves
greater chances of failing in life since they have not invested enough on
education, which as we are all quite aware of, is the one of the greatest
treasures man can have in this world.
o Almost the same findings go with the educational status of the wives.
However in their case, the greatest frequency can be found in the high
school category only followed by elementary and of course a small value
again from college. This tells us that the wives are better off slightly than
their husbands in terms of educational attainment and educational level.
The probable reason for the low rate of college levels is poverty and thus
is understandable since the community is expected to have this problem
however In the case of the elementary and high school, we can infer that
the women or the wives are more inclined to study and have education
than their husbands. Because of this, they have a better chance of not
62
acquiring health problems because of their knowledge compared to their
partners.
o Lastly, in the case of the children, a higher percentage can now be seen in
terms of educational levels in high school followed closely by college then
elementary. This tells us that nowadays, education is made more available
to the people. The children are more inclined to study and be educated
compared to the rates those of their parents. The findings also show that
they are more eager to go to college. With this, the healthy health rate of
the community surely increases because of the greater awareness and
knowledge of the generation today. There is a greater chance that
diseases would be prevented thus improving the health status of the
community and as a whole, the country. However, the results also show
that a large percentage of the schools are in dire need of repairs. This
problem should be attended to immediately since this could endanger the
physical health of the students, in terms of greater risks of accidents,
larger probability of unsafe water facilities and more prone areas for insect
infestations.
Conclusion:
According to the information that the researchers had gathered, a
problem that the people of Barangay Canroma in the Municipality of
Pontevedra faces in the context of education as a subsystem is that the
husbands have low educational attainment. Husbands, according to the
unwritten bylaws of our patriarchal society, are the designated breadwinners
of their respective households. Therefore they must have the means to
support their families and that entails a higher degree of educational

63
attainment. The lack of education on the part of the parents would
correspond to their lack of knowledge in terms of healthy lifestyles and
practices which would put their families at great risk for contracting diseases
due to faulty lifestyles, nutrition and health practices.
Recommendation:
To answer the main issues in order to attain educational excellence and
quality education in Pontevedra, the following are recommended:
o Direct attention for Classroom repair, rehabilitation, replacement, and
construction of additional buildings to accommodate increasing school
activities is needed.
o The lack of modern facilities in teaching should be considered since this
caters to the demands of highly technological education and to cope up
with the rapidly advancing society. Provisions should be made so that
there would be enough chairs, tables, cabinets, blackboards and books for
the students. The school heads should strive to put up play grounds and
other recreational sites for the students as well as more Home Economics,
Industrial Arts and Agriculture Buildings. They should also make sure that
water and lighting facilities are adequately provided in every part of the
school that is being used so as to avoid damage or future inconvenience.

64
o Also, having the record systems of the schools be handled by computer
systems instead of the usual paper works is recommended because not
only will this keep all the school’s documents organized and accurate but
it will also protect them from accidents like fire and floods since the new
system will be easier to recover and save in any case of emergency.
o Lastly, cheaper and more quality education should be made more
available to the people in areas like these so that in the future, there will
be a greater literacy rate in that specific place.

65
Safety and transportation is one of the eight subsystems of the
community. It is a great importance for the community since it has an
implication to the health of the people. It includes the police, fire and
sanitation services.
Sanitation is still one of the problems of the country today. It includes
the sanitation of water, food, garbage disposal, excreta disposal and others.
Due to this, sanitary related diseases arise and one of this is diarrhea which is
one of the most leading causes of morbidity. Despite the increase number of
household having an access to safe drinking water, there were still some who
were unknowledgeable and do inappropriate practices in handling the water
from the source to its storage where it could potentially contaminate the
water. There were also some who has insufficient and inappropriate practices
when it comes to disposal of garbage and excreta. Sanitary surroundings and

66
sanitary toilet facilities are really important to prevent sanitary related
diseases.
Safety also refers to the police and the fire department of the
community. The police promote and maintain the peacefulness and the safety
of the people in the area and fire department should be readily available
when emergency cases arise. Both are of great importance to the
maintenance of safety and protection of the people in the community.
Transportation of the people in the community should also be
considered. It is also significant for the through this the safety of the people
also lies on this sector. The type of transportation of the people should be
known and time of its operation available to the people.
In safety and transportation, it is a responsibility of the nurse to do
health education, effectively and actively coordinate programs and activities
with government and non government agencies, participate in environmental
sanitation campaigns, conduct researches and of course be a role model for
others when it comes to cleanliness at home and the surroundings.
Fire Station
Mission:
To prevent and suppress destructive fire; enforce fire related laws
and provide emergency medical and rescue services.
Vision:
67
A world class fire protection agency working towards a public
safety conscious society.
General fire safety and protection tips:
 Make sure all family members know what to do in the event of a fire.
Draw a floor plan with at least 2 waist of escaping every room. Make a
drawing for each floor. Dimensions do not need to be correct.
 Make sure that the plan shows important details: stairs, hallways and windows that
can be used as fire escape routes.
 Test windows and doors—do they open easy enough? Are they wide
enough or tall enough?
 Choose a safe meeting place outside the house.
 Practice alerting other members. It is a good idea to keep a bell and
flashlight in each bedroom.
What to do in case of fire
• Do not panic, be calm, but act quickly.

• If it is just a small fire you can extinguish it by using a rug, a heavy
garment, a pail of water or fire extinguisher.
• If the fire starts in any electrical wire or device inside the house, cut off
the current first whenever possible at the switch or the plug.
• If the fire is beyond control, warn the family, and go to the nearest and
safest exit. Don’t attempt anymore to salvage your belongings; you
might get trapped inside the burning house. Your life is more precious
than your things no matter how valuable they are.
68
• Call for help immediately, phone the fire department at once, be sure
to five the exact address.
• Do not jump from upper storey except for the last resort; many people
have jumped to their death even while the firemen were bringing
ladders to rescue.
• Practice staying low to the ground when escaping.
• Feel all doors before opening them. If a door is hot, get out another
way.
• Learn to stop, drop and roll to the ground if clothes catches fire.
CRIME VOLUME BY INDEX AND NON INDEX CRIME

CRIME O1 Jan to 30 01 Jan to 30 VARIANCE
INCIDENTS Nov 2007 Nov 2008
REPORTED 07 19 +12
SOLVED 07 19 +12
UNSOLVED 0 0 0
INDEX 06 12 +6
NON-INDEX 01 07 +6
CSE 100% 100% 0
AMCR 1.41% 3.84% 2.43%
COMPARATIVE CRIME STATICS

(Period covered: 01 Jan to Dec ’07 and 01 Jan to Dec ’08)
BY CRIME 2007 2008
MURDER 3 3
HOMICIDE 1 1
Rape 1 0
Frustrated murder 0 2
Frustrated homicide 0 3
Theft 1 2
Physical injuries 0 1
69
RA 8294 1 2
RA 9165 0 2
RA 9287 0 1
RA 7610 0 1
RA 8353 0 1
Total 7 19
Republic Act 9165 – Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002; against
the trafficking and use of dangerous drugs and other similar substance.
Republic Act 8294 – codifies the laws on illegal/unlawful possession,
manufacture, dealing in, acquisition or disposition of firearms, ammunition or
explosives or instruments used in the manufacture of firearms, ammunition
or explosives, and imposing stiffer penalties for certain violations thereof, and
for relevant purposes.
Republic Act 8353 - The Anti-Rape Law of 1997; the Crime Against Persons.
Republic Act 9287 - An act increasing the penalties for illegal numbers
games, amending certain provisions of Presidential Decree No. 1602, and for
other purposes.
Republic Act 7610 - Special Protection of Children Against Abuse,
Exploitation and Discrimination Act; declared to be the policy of the State to
provide special protection to
children from all firms of abuse, neglect, cruelty exploitation and
discrimination and other conditions, prejudicial their development.
CHIEF OF POLICE: PSINSP Argel N. Ancheta
DCOP for Admin: SPO4 Hercules B. Trigue Jr.

70
DCOP for Opns/ Traffic PNCO: SPO3 Johnmar P. Lotayco
Admin/ HRDD PNCO: PO3 Cyril S. Robles
Intel/ Supply PNCO: PO2 Roland S. Macoy
DM PNCO: PO2 Nilo G. Genosa
Opns PNCO: PO1 Joseph L. Vergara
PCR/ Fin PNCO: PO1 Amor O. Gatuslao
WCPD/ FJGSS PNCO: PO3Uldarica P. Estomata
Warrant and Subpoema PNCO: PO1 Edmer D. Warte
Radio Operator: NUP Josephine Da Gemarino
(Pontevedra Tricycle Organization)

71
President:
Mr. Noel Balcina
Vice-President:
Mr. Roger Gemino
Secretary:
Mrs. LornaArnaez
Treasurer:
Mr. Welfredo Sitera
Minimum fare: P6 depending on the distance
Supply of Water in

Table 17
Water Supply Frequency Percentage
Open Dug Well 2 4%
Improved Dug 6 13%
Well
Artesian Well 5 10%
72
Water System 35 73%
Figure 17
Interpretation:
Figure 17 shows that 35 or 73% families in Barangay Canroma use
water system or NAWASA as the main source of their drinking water. Although
there were some who still get their drinking water in an improved dug
well(13%), artesian dug well (10%) and an open dug well (4%).The DOH has
set some policies on the type of water facilities that should be approved or
not. There were some who still get their drinking water from doubtful sources
such as open dug well.
Households Having Individual Drinking Glass in

Table 18
Respo Freque Percent
nse ncy age
Yes 34 77.27%
No 10 22.73%
TOTAL 44 100%
73
Figure 18
Interpretation:
The graph shows that 77% of the people in Barangay Canroma have
their own glass for drinking and only 23% does not have their own drinking
glass. This means that family has sufficient knowledge and appropriate
practice on having own drinking glass for sanitary purposes for we all know
that some people in the community are undiagnosed for certain
communicable diseases.
Water Storage in

Table 19
74
Type storage Number of Percentage

Household
Refrigerator 3 7%
Water jug 9 19%
Plastic containers 18 38%
Bottles 3 7%
Directly from Faucet 3 7%
Reservoir 1 2%
Pail 1 2%
Jar 7 15%
Neighbor 1 2%
Pitcher 1 2%
Figure 19
Interpretation
It shows that the majority of household store their water in plastic
containers (38%).There were others who store their water in water jug (19%),
75
jar (15%), bottles (7%), directly from faucet (7%), refrigerator (7%), reservoir
(2%), pail (2%), neighbors (2%) and pitcher (2%). Thus, the most used
storage of water is the plastic container.
Garbage Collection in

Table 20
Response Frequency Percentage
Yes 21 48%
No 23 52%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 20
Interpretation:
This chart on Figure 20 shows that majority said that there is no
Garbage Collection in the Barangay. Thus, it is the one that occupies the 52%
of the responses depicted in the chart. The other 48% of the response is
those who said that there is a Garbage Collection in the Barangay. Thus, we
76
can say that the community has problems in terms of disposing their garbage
since more of them believe that no garbage collection takes place in the
barangay.
Times of Garbage Collection in a Week in

Table 21
# of Times Frequency Percentage
Collected per week
Once a week 15 71%
Twice a week 3 14%
Three times a week 2 10%
Every day in a week 1 5%
TOTAL 21 100%
Figure 21
Interpretation:
For the 21 respondents who said that there was a Garbage collection,
71% of them said that it happens only once a week. Then 14% said that
77
there is a collection twice a week. 10% of them however said that it happens
three times a week. Only 5% said that the collection happens every day.
Since majority said it only happens once a week, most of them believe that
garbage collection is quite delayed because of the seldom collection.
Garbage Disposal Methods in

Table 22
Garbage Disposal Freque Percenta
ncy ge
Burning 35 58%
Burying 8 13%
Compost Pit 13 21%
Throw anywhere 2 3%
Others 5%
Segregation 1
Collected by Brgy. 1
Dumping Site 1
Figure 22
Interpretation:
78
Figure 22 shows that majority of the household burn their garbage
which is 58%. Some bury their garbage (13%) and has a compost pit (21%).
There were 3% who admitted that they throw their garbage anywhere and
there were 5% for others (Segregation, collected by the Barangay and thrown
in the dumping site). This means that people still have insufficient knowledge
and inappropriate practices with regards to the disposal of garbage.
Availability of Toilets in each Households in

Table 23
Respo Freque Percent
nse ncy age
Yes 42 94.45%
No 2 4.55%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 23
Interpretation:
79
This only shows that 95 % of the households have their own toilet and
only 5% doesn’t have. The 5% who does have toilet dispose their waste in
their neighbor’s and aunt’s toilet. This implies that more people have an
access to a better and proper excreta disposal.
Types of Toilet in

Table 24
Type of Disposal Freque Percent
ncy age
Pit Privy 13 31%
Antipolo 2 5%
Water Sealed 14 33%
Septic Tank 11 26%
Others 5%
Plastic Toilet 2
80
Figure 24
Interpretation:
Figure 24 shows that most household have water sealed type of toilet
facility (33%).The other type of toilet facilities in Brgy. Canroma were the
septic tank (26%), Pit privy (31%), Antipolo (5%), and 5% for others (plastic
toilet).This means that more people have an access to a sanitary toilet
facilities but there were also number of household who don’t .

81
Modes of Transportation in

Table 25
Mode of Frequency Percentage
Transportation
Tricycle 41 59%
Taxi 0 0%
Public Jeepney 5 7%
Trisikad 8 11%
Bicycle 5 7%
Motorcycle 9 13%
Private Vehicle 2 3%
Figure 25
Interpretation:
82
The most used mode of transportation of the residents of Purok Punong
Barangay Canroma is the tricycle which is 59% of the whole response. Also,
taxis were not used by residents in the area. Trisikad is also used by 11% of
the respondents and 13% use motorcycle to travel. 7% only use motorcycle
and a public jeepney. And lastly, 3% only have private vehicles. Thus we can
say that there are basically many transport vehicles in the said community
but the tricycle is the most used of all.
Availability of Transportation at Night in

Table 26
Is there Frequenc Percent
transportation at y age
night?
Yes 39 89%
No 5 11%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 26
83
Interpretation:
In Figure 26, we say that majority of the respondents say that
transportation is also available at night. But there is still a portion of the
population who said that there is no transportation at night. We can imply
from the study that it is good that even at night transportation is still
available for the citizens so they won’t have a hard time going home at night.
Implementation of Curfew in

Table 27
Yes 37 84%
No 7 16%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 27
Implementation:
84
As shown in Figure 27, Curfew is implemented in the said community
and 84% of the respondents agree that there is indeed a curfew. Only 16% of
the total respondents said that no curfew is implemented in the town. Thus,
the town does implement a curfew and prioritize people safety especially at
night.
Time of Curfew in

Table 28
Curfew (Time Frequency Percentage
Interval)
6:00pm-8:00pm 5 14%
8:01pm-10:00pm 20 54%
10:01pm- 5 14%
12:00am
12:01am-2:00am 5 14%
2:01am- 4:00am 2 5%
TOTAL 37 100%
Figure 28
85
Interpretation:
Figure 28 shows that out of the 37 families who indicated that they are
implemented with curfew, 54% falls on the interval between 8:01pm-
10:00pm, 14% belongs to 6:00pm-8:00pm, 10:01pm-12:00am and 12:01am-
2:00am. Lastly, 5% belongs on the time interval between 2:01am-4:00am.
Thus, we can say that an early curfew keeps everyone from harm because
later at night, more danger is present.
Willingness of Teenagers to Follow the Curfew in

Table 29
Yes 30 81%
No 7 19%
TOTAL 37 100%
Figure 29
86
Interpretation:
It is good to know that 81% of the minors follow the curfew being
implemented in the community as shown in Figure 29. But there are still 19%
of them who do not obey the curfew time set. This would mean that they get
to more trouble because there is a high risk of getting hurt when you stroll
around at night.
Response of Emergency Units in

Table 30
Respond readily Frequenc Percentag
to emergency y e
cases
Yes 44 100%
No 0 0%
TOTAL 44 100%
87
Figure 30
Interpretation:
As Figure 30 shows, all of the respondents unanimously responded that
their Safety and Security Units readily respond in cases of emergency
Situations. Since, none said that they are not ready, we can imply that the
city safety and security sector do their job appropriately thus, keeping all the
citizens as much as possible safe.
Based on the given data, the following are the summary of data:
o The people at Barangay Canroma still have insufficient knowledge when it
comes to proper disposal of garbage because most residents eliminate
their garbage by burning it which could add to the global warming
experienced today.
88
o Another is that they have a better water supply for most of the household
get their drinking water from NAWASA and they were mostly using their
own drinking glass.
o When it comes to the storage of water, they usually store it in plastic
containers but there were some who still store it in unsafe containers that
could contaminate the drinking water such as pails.
o When it comes to the disposal of excreta, majority of the household have
toilets which were mostly water sealed type. Thus, more people have an
access to sanitary toilet facilities but there were others who don’t.
o The most common means of transportation is by riding a tricycle which
can be harmful to them since the vehicle is open, there might be cases
when passengers exceeds the capacity of the tricycle which could be
dangerous to the people.
Conclusion:
Based on the data gathered the researchers therefore conclude
that some people in Barangay Canroma, Pontevedra still have inadequate
knowledge when it comes to sanitation at home and in the community.
Majority of the people don’t have enough knowledge on how to dispose their
garbage properly and the sequence of the garbage collection in their area.
They also have sanitary toilet facilities because majority of the household
have their own toilets. The people have a safe access to drinking water which
is NAWASA; however, the insufficiency in the knowledge especially in the
proper practices in handling of water from the source up to the storage point
could possibly contaminate their drinking water because some still store their
89
drinking water in open containers such as pails. Their mode of transportation,
which is a tricycle, could be dangerous because it is an open vehicle that
could be harmful especially when it is overloaded. The local government
should set the standard capacity of passengers for the tricycle. The barangay
also has a curfew that is being implemented. Though majority of the people
know that there is a curfew, they don’t exactly know when it is implemented.
This only means that the local government has a poor implementation of the
policy. The people that the safety department such as the police and the fire
department respond readily to emergency cases but the data shows that
there is an increase in the crime rates in Pontevedra from 2007 to 2008.
Indeed the people have to be educated to let them know the policies being
implemented and the importance of having a sanitary surrounding for a
healthy body and a healthy community.
Recommendations:
Basing from the data gathered, the researchers recommend:
o Standardized and intensified implementation of sanitary programs by the
health agencies.
o Examination of drinking water should be done by the local health
authority.
o Information dissemination about proper garbage disposal and schedule of
garbage collection done by the city.
o Health education of the people about sanitary surroundings in the
prevention of diseases.
90
o Local health authority must exert an effort to convert the of water supply
facility to approved type by the DOH.
o Educate the people about the proper storage of drinking water.
o Conduct seminars and meetings to let the people know what are the
policies being implemented so as to have knowledge about it.
o Local officials should set a standard capacity of passengers for the tricycle
so as to prevent any accidents.

91
92
Politics is termed as a process by which groups of people make
decisions and this applies to the behavior of civil governments. Politics has
been said to be the special conduct used in dealing with a group of people.
Politics is important because it determines how a society is set up and
how the individuals in a society should act. The rights that come along with
politics are: right to life, right to liberty, right to property, right to pursue
happiness, right to free speech, and right to self defense.
Government is a term used to refer to an organization in a specific
geographical location which has dominance in physical force which means
they are equipped with the power to execute laws, regulations or rules in
order to discipline individuals. Because of this a set of rules known as laws
must be made. Laws are defined as tools used by a judging party, usually a
court, to decide if a use of force is valid or not.
The government is necessary in order to ensure the proper and non-
abusive use of force. The government primarily exists for the purpose of
protecting the rights of its citizens whether they are inside or outside the
country.
In order to ensure that its citizens are protected from outside or inside
threat, the country must have an army for the whole personal defense of the
country itself, a police system to protect individuals from other individuals
situated within the country, and a court system in order to guarantee
objective judgment of individual who may or may not have violated the laws
93
set in a particular country and to make sure that the rights of the citizen are
upheld properly.
Since the Philippines is a democratic country, Barangay Canroma’s
political system also adheres to the specific requirement of the country.
Vision and Mission of Pontevedra
VISION
" A peaceful, politically-mature and morally-reformed society dedicated to
alleviate the plight of the less-fortunate: sensitive to the sufferings and needs of
the people, especially the poor and the children; concerned with the protection
and conservation of the natural resources and endowments; capable of giving
more to those who have less without decreasing the gains of those who have
more; a community if God-fearing and law-abiding citizens in an atmosphere of
stable peace and order and economic prosperity brought about by sustainable
development through forward-looking plans and programs; and a local
government that strictly adheres to the policy of transparency, fairness and
competence, with equal opportunity to all".
MISSION
To promote local autonomy by developing and strengthening the
capabilities and effectiveness of the local municipal government in order to
efficiently provide the much-needed basic services to the constituents, and
institutionalize people's active participation through empowerment by the practice

94
of participatory democracy in order to achieve a progressive and self-reliant
municipality.
Barangay Canroma Barangay Officials:
Punong Barangay: Hon. Carlos P. Esquira, Jr.
Barangay Kagawad:
• Hon. Nelson O. Malunes
• Hon. Adcin G. Sumugat
• Hon. Ella M. Morata
• Hon. Gladys P. Cabrera
• Hon. Arnold C. Hilario
• Hon. Eladio C. Monreal
• Hon. Airis R. Edianel
SK Chairperson: Hon. Denmark A. Totica
Barangay Secretary: Joena I. Dalumpines
Barangay Treasurer: Connie C. Casilagan
Barangay Record Keeper: Rowena G. Barcelona

95
Committee Chairman Membership
(Revised per SB Resolution No. 2007-086)
COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN MEMBERS

1. Budget and Hon. Gee Ray G. Soliguen Hon. Jimmy C. Gavan
Appropriation Hon. Norman C. Espinosa
2. Ways and Means Hon. Raymund A. Gurrea Hon. Jimmy C. Gavan
Hon. Norman C. Espinosa
3. Women and Hon. Ma. Silveria G. Matti Hon. Lyndree E. Moguad
Family Hon. Greslie M. Lagunday
4. Senior Citizens Hon. Ronnel G. Gabitoya Hon. Lyndree E. Moguad
Hon. Raul G. Gonzaga
5. Human Rights, Hon. Jimmy C. Gavan Hon. Lyndree E. Moguad
Ordinances and Hon. Norman C. Espinosa
Legal Orders
6. Agriculture, Hon. Lyndre E. Moguad Hon. Norman C. Espinosa
Cooperatives, Hon. Nestor G. Dojillo
Fishery and
Aquatic Resources
7. Rules and Hon. Raymund A. Gurrea Hon. Nestor G. Dojillo
Privileges Hon. Gee Ray G. Soliguen
8. Peace and Order, Hon. Jimmy C. Gavan Hon. Nestor G. Dojillo

Public Safety and Hon. Lyndree E. Moguad
Police Matters
9. Housing and Land Hon. Ronnel G. Gabitoya Hon. Raul G. Gonzaga

Utilization, Public Hon. Jimmy C. Gavan
Utilities and
Facilities
10.Trade, Commerce Hon. Ma. Silveria G. Matti Hon. Norman C. Espinosa
and Industry Hon. Raymund A. Gurrea
11.Public Works and Hon. Norman C. Espinosa Hon. Ronnel G. Gabitoya

Infrastructure Hon. Nestor G. Dojillo
96
12.Barangay Hon. Ronnel G. Gabitoya Hon. Nestor G. Dojillo

Affiliates Hon. Ronnel G. Gabitoya
13.Public Market, Hon. Jimmy C. Gavan Hon. Lyndree E. Moguad

Slaughterhouse, Hon. Raymund A. Gurrea
Cemetery and
other Economic
Enterprise
14.Education Hon. Greslie M. Lagunday Hon. Gee Ray G. Soliguen

Hon. Ronnel G. Gabitoya
15.Sports and Youth Hon. Raymund A. Gurrea Hon. Ronnel G. Gabitoya

Hon. Nestor G. Dojillo
16.Environmental Hon. Nestor G. Dojillo Hon. Greslie M. Lagunday

Protection Hon. Lyndre E. Moguad
17.Health and Social Hon. Gee Ray G. Soliguen Hon. Norman C. Espinosa
Services Hon. Lyndre E. Moguad
18.Good Hon. Greslie M. Lagunday Hon. Jimmy C. Gavan

Governmental Hon. Raymund A. Gurrea
Public Ethics and
Accountability
19.Tourism and Hon. Gee Ray G. Soliguen
Cultural Affairs Hon. Ma. Silveria G. Matti
97
Awareness of Client about their Officials in

Table 31
Knowledge Frequen Percenta
cy ge
Very Aware 11 25%
Aware 11 25%
Fair 18 41%
Unaware 4 9%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 31
Interpretation:
According to the data gathered by the group, most of the clients in
Barangay Canroma, Pontevedra were fair in their knowledge of the people
that they could run to for help. This can be seen on Table 31. Only eleven
(25%) clients were very knowledgeable and the same was the result for those
98
who were knowledgeable (knew almost all). Eighteen (41%) clients were
knowledgably fair and four (9%) were. Basing from this data, it can be said
that most of the people who live in Barangay Canroma have the basic
knowledge of the officials in their community. Some who didn’t know who
their barangay officials are most likely to be ignorant to those facts or have
poor educational attainment.
Key Contact Persons in

Table 32
Person to Freque Percent Person to Freque Percent
Run to ncy age Run to ncy age
Brgy. Captain 31 39% Club Officers 0 0%
Councilman 3 4% Others 9%
Judges 1
Teachers 3 4% GSIS 1
Priest/Ministe 8 10% loan 1
r DSWD 1
Purok 19 24% Neighbo 1
Leaders ur 1
PTA President 2 3% BHW 1
Mayor
Landowners 3 4% Kagawa
d
None 2 3%
99
Figure 32
Interpretation:
Figure and Table 32 shows the result of whom most people in the
community would consult in times of great need. 39% go the Barangay
Captain, 24% go to their Purok Leaders, 10% to Preist and Minister, 4% go to
councilmen, teachers and landowners while only 3% don’t go to any and to
PTA Presidents. With the said data as basis, it can be inferred that most of the
clients in Canroma know that they can run to their barangay and purok
officials in times of need.
Free Services Offered by the Local Government in

Table 33
Services Frequency Percentage
Medicine 5 11%
Calamity Assistance 6 14%
Feeding Program 6 14%
Vaccination 4 9%
First Aid 3 7%
Check Up/Consultation 2 5%
Road Fixing 1 2%
Financial Assistance 1 2%
Transportation 4 9%
Not Aware of Free 12 27%
100
Services
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 33
Interpretation:
The majority of respondents shown in the graph are very much

unaware of the free services offered by their local government which is 27%,
while the service that 24% of the clients availed is the Calamity Assistance
and Feeding Program. The lowest rank however is the Road Fixing and
Financial Assistance which is only 2% of the respondents. This implies that
most members of the community do not know of the services they can avail
for free in their local community.
Summary of Findings
The data gathered through the Worksheet C and questionnaire show that:
o Most residents of Barangay Canroma, Pontevedra have a fair knowledge of
their officials. This would mean that they have enough knowledge to know
who to go to in times of need, especially financial need.
o However, not all of them are aware that almost all of the services that are
given by the local government are for free. They may have the knowledge
101
that they can avail of these but for a cost. For this reason, most of them
would rather choose to be contented with what they can and can’t afford
for themselves instead of seeking help from their local official.
o Also, the clients of the community seek help most likely to their Barangay
Captain and Purok Leaders who are the most influential individuals who
are found in the barangay. They also go to the teachers and priests but
not as much. There are also other influential people like the judges and
Barangay Health Worker to whom they seek help also. This may imply that
these people are the most likely to aid them when the need arises.
Conclusion:
Basing from the data gathered and its interpretation, the group
concludes that the residents of Barangay Canroma have a good knowledge of
the people that are influential and can be their source of aid in times of need.
People that they identify as influential and are easily approached in times of
need are the Barangay Captain, Purok Leaders, teachers and priests, and the
Barangay Health Workers however, not all of the local government officials
can be readily approached by the members of the community. The reason for
this may be that most of the officials do not readily respond to the needs of
the people in the community. Most of them are aware and are able to avail of
certain free services offered by the local government but a large number of
the population of Barangay Canroma do not know that the services that are
being offered to them are for free. Because of this, most of them opt not to
inquire for certain services from the government since most of the people
there are from a low income family and most of them cannot afford to
102
shoulder more expenses. Since Barangay Canroma is also under a democratic
government, the offices that are assigned to their government workers
coincide with those of other barangays found in the Philippines. The
government officials of Barangay Canroma need to be ready to serve the
people there during times of need and in order for them to do that, the
members of the said community must know who they are and the methods
that they can be reached.
Recommendation:
Drawing reference from the gathered data, the researchers recommend:
o That leaflets containing the list of the latest officers of the town and
corresponding contact numbers should be given to each household so that
the family members can be made aware of the presence of their officials
o That the community members should be informed that medical resources
are available and can be obtained in their barangay health center,
o That community members should be made aware that services such as
medicine, calamity assistance, feeding programs, vaccination, first aid,
consultations, road fixing, financial assistance and transportation can be
availed by the citizens of Barangay Canroma for free,
o That other political officials present in the barangay should let the citizens
know what their purpose is as influential officials and that they are
available if citizens are faced with problems.

103
104
Health is said to be "a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"
according to the World Health Organization. Preserving and
maintaining it are the main goals of the whole healthcare business. As
future healthcare providers, we know that the most valuable wealth a
person can have is his health.
Under the components of a community, one major subsystem
that is essential in maintaining the wellness of its members is the
health and social services. This subsystem includes the health facilities
and activities, the distribution and utilization of health care services,
and the implementation of health programs by its members. In this
section, you will be able to see the status of the health and social
services in Brgy. Canroma, Pontevedra.

105
PONTEVEDRA HEALTH PROFILE

(2007)
Health Facility: Brgy. Canroma
BHS Midwife: Mrs. Imelda Marcos
Total No. of Live Births: 79 Male- 37 Female- 42
Deliveries Attended by:

Doctor- 21 Nurse- 0 Midwife- 55 Trained Hilot- 2
Untrained- 0 Others- 1
Total No. of Deaths: 15 Male- 9 Female- 6
10 Leading Causes of Mortality in

all Ages
In BRGY Canroma, Pontevedra
1. Sudden Cardiac Death
2. Hypertensive Coronary Heart Disease
3. PTB
4. Cancer of the Kidney
5. Cardiomyopathy
6. Uterine Cancer
7. Pneumonia
8. Hepatic Cirrhosis
9. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
10. Typhoid Fever

106
10 Causes of Morbidity in All Ages

In BRGY Canroma, Pontevedra
1. Coughs and Colds
2. Skin Irritation
3. Wounds (all kinds)
4. UTI
5. SVI
6. Diarrhea
7. Toothache
8. Parasitism
9. PTB
10. Epigastric Pain

107
PONTEVEDRA RURAL HEALTH UNIT

HEALTH SERVICES AND PROGRAMS
 -Medical Consultation Daily 8:00 a.m,. To 5:00 p.m.
 -Minor Surgical Procedures
 -Immunizations: Every Last Friday of the Month
 -Maternal And Child Health Care Every Thrusay (pre Natal Day)
 -Family Planning Services
o IUD Insertion
o PILLS
o Injection
 -Control of Acute Respiratory Infections Program
 -Control of Diarrheal Diseases
 -Tuberculosis Control Program
 -Leprosy Control program
 -STD/ AIDS Prevention and Control Program- Gram Staining
 -Rabies Control Program
 -Environmental Health and Sanitation Program
 -Cancer Control Program: Cervical Cancer Screening Program
 -Nutrition Program
 -Dental Services
108
EPI MONITORING CHART

Month JA FE MA AP MA JU JU AU S OC NO DE
N B R R Y N L G EPT T V C
# of Fully 5 5 2 6 7 8 1 9 6 4 3 1
Immunize
d Child
Cumulati 5 10 12 18 25 33 34 43 49 53 56 57
ve for the
year
(2008)
Interpretation:
The table above is the 2008 EPI monitoring chart of Brgy. Canroma. In
January there were 5 fully immunized children which make the cumulative for
the year 5. In February there were another 5 fully immunized children that
make the cumulative 10. In March there were 2 fully immunized children so
the cumulative amounted to 12. In April there were 6 fully immunized
children added that makes the cumulative 18. In May there were another 7
fully immunized children that makes the cumulative 25. In June there were 8
fully immunized children that make the cumulative for the year 33. In July
there was 1 fully immunized child and its addition makes the cumulative 34.
In August there were 9 fully immunized children. This is the highest rate for
the year. So the cumulative for the year is 43. In September there were 6 fully
immunized children which make the cumulative 49. In October there were 4
fully immunized children were added which makes the cumulative for the
year 53. In November there were 3 fully immunized children which make the
cumulative for the year to amount to 56. And lastly, in December there was 1
fully immunized child. This addition totals the number of Fully Immunized
109
Child to 57 for the year. This implies that the BHS implements DOH’s
Expanded Program on Immunization to reduce the risk for vaccine-
preventable diseases like pneumonia, measles, polio and TB for the good
health of the child in the future.

110
Sick Members in the Families in

Table 34
Sick Frequency Percentage
Member
Yes 31 70%
No 13 30%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 34
Interpretation:
Most Families (shown in Figure 34) have a sick member in their family.
It comprises 70% of the total household being surveyed. The remaining 30%
does not have any sick members in the society. This implies that these
families need care and education on what to do regarding the sick family
member.
111
Age of Sick Members in the Families in

Table 35
Age Group Frequency Percentage
Infant ( 1 and 0 0%
below)
Toddler (2 – 6) 2 6%
School Age (7 -12) 1 3%
Adolescent (13 – 2 6%
17)
Young Adult (18 - 0 0%
25)
Adult (26 – 60) 13 39%
Old Adult (61 and 15 46%
up)
TOTAL 33 100%
Figure 35
Interpretation:
Majority or 46% of the sick member of the community are the elderly
as shown in Figure 35. Following it is the Adult Age group which comprises
39% of the total sick members of the community. Both toddlers and
112
adolescents got 6% each of the total responses. 3% are school aged
individuals and there are no sick infants or young adults in the community.
This implies that the elderly are the most vulnerable among the age groups
of the community.
Gender of Sick Members in the Families in

Table 36
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 20 61%
Female 13 39%
TOTAL 33 100%
Figure 36
Interpretation:
As Figure 36 shows, 61% of the sick members of the community are
males. Females are then the remaining 39% sick members of the community.
This implies that males are the ones who are more susceptible to diseases
113
than those of the females. They are the more vulnerable gender group of the
community.
Ailment of Sick Member in the Families in

Table 37
Ailment Frequenc Percenta
y ge
Flu & Cough 3 8%
Hepatitis B 1 3%
Hypertensio 7 19%
n
Arthritis 6 16%
Abdominal 3 8%
Pain
Weakness 1 3%
Eye Problem 2 5%
Diabetes 2 5%
Ailment Frequency Percenta

ge
Liver 1 3%
Problem
Sinusitis 1 3%
Fever 1 3%
Asthma 2 5%
Pulmonary 1 3%
Tuberculosi
s
Mild Stroke 1 3%
Mental 1 3%
Problem
Heart 4 11%
Problem
114
Figure 37
Interpretation:
The disease with the highest rank of all is the Hypertension which is
experienced by 7 or 19% of the sick members of the community. It is followed
by arthritis with 16%. The lowest are Hepatitis B, Weakness, Liver Problem,
Sinusitis, Fever, PTB, Mild Stroke and Mental Problem with only 3% or 1
member each only. This implies that the community is most vulnerable to
Hypertension among all diseases present in the community.
Duration of Illness of Sick Member in the Families in

Table 38
Duration Frequency Percentage
Recently (days to weeks 2 6%
ago)
Months to 1 year 2 6%
2 years to 5 years 11 34%
Could not remember 8 24%
TOTAL 33 100%
115
Figure 38
Interpretation:
The chart shown in Figure 38 shows that 34% of the total sick members
of the community have an ailment for more or less 2 to 5 years. Then, it is
followed by those who could not remember with 24% of the total responses.
Then those who have a disease for 6-10 and 11-20 years both have 15%
each. Lastly, for those who got the disease for more or less a year and just
recently got 6% each. This implies that many of the sick have a chronic
disease which lasts for a long period of time to recover.
Medical Assistance to the Sick Member in the Families in

Table 39
Medical Frequency Percentage
Assistance
Yes 22 71%
No 9 29%
TOTAL 31 100%
116
Figure 39
Interpretation:
As shown in Figure 39, 71% of the total sick members of the
community receive medical assistance. The remaining 29% of the total
population of sick members of the community take no medical assistance at
all. Thus, it implies that there are still some sick members who can’t get
medical attention and receive no health care at all.
Person Attending the Sick Member in the Families in

Table 40
Person Frequency Percentage
Attending
Doctor 16 55%
Nurse 3 10%
Midwife 7 24%
117
Herbolario 2 7%
Family 1 4%
Member
Figure 40
Interpretation:
As shown in Figure 40, 55% of the families with sick member say that a
doctor is the one attending their sick member. It is then followed by the
Midwife with 24% of the total responses. Then the nurse is said to take care
of their sick member as responded by 10% families. 7% went to the
herbolario and only 4% said a family member takes care of their sick
member. Thus, it implies that majority of the people entrust their health care
services to the doctor.
Families with a Deceased Immediate Family Member in

Table 41
118
Response Frequency Percent

age
Yes 28 64%
No 16 36%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 41
Interpretation:
As shown in Figure 41, 64% said that they have an immediately dead
family member. The remaining 36% shows that they do not have an
immediately dead family member. Thus, we can say that the death rate in the
community is quite high because majority of the families have a dead
member in their households.
Causes of Death of Deceased Immediate Family Member in

119
Table 42
Cause Frequen Percent
cy age
Fetal 1 4%
Death
Diabetes 1 4%
Heart 1 4%
Disease
Complicati 3 10%
ons
Ulcer 2 7%
Cancer 2 7%
Stroke 2 7%
TB 1 4%
Cause Frequenc Percenta

y ge
Old Age 2 7%
Car 3 10%
Accident
CVD 1 4%
Gunshot 1 4%
Hepatitis 1 4%
B
Kidney 4 14%
Failure
Does Not 3 10%
Remembe
r
Figure 42
120
Interpretation:
The highest cause of death in the community is Kidney Failure which
has 4 responses or 14% of the total response of the whole population
surveyed. Lowest are Fetal death, diabetes, Heart disease, Pulmonary
Tuberculosis, Cardiovascular diseases, Gunshot and Hepatitis B with 1 death
each only or 4%. Thus, implying that kidney problem is mostly the case of
death in the community.
Attention Given to the Deceased Immediate Family Member in

Table 43
Yes 22 79%
No 6 21%
Total 28 100%
Figure 43
Interpretation:
121
Out of all the 28 dead family members, 22 responses or 79% was said
to have medical attendance as shown in Figure 43. The following 6 responses
or 21% said that no one attended their sick family member. Thus, we can
imply that most families in the community are able to avail care for their
dead family member.
Person Attending to the Deceased Immediate Family Member in

Table 44
Person Frequency Percentage
Doctor 9 40%
Family 11 50%
Military 1 4%
Herbolario 1 5%
Figure 44
122
Interpretation:
In Figure and Table 44, it shows that half or 50% of the responses said
the person attending their immediately dead member of the family was their
family member. Then, it is followed by the doctor which comprises 41% of the
total answers and 5% with a herbolario and 4% said it was the Military since it
was due to a gunshot.
Reasons for not Attending to the Deceased Member in

Table 45
Reason Frequency Percentage

DOA 1 20%
Not Sick 1 20%
Financial Problem 2 40%
Immediate Death 1 20%
Figure 45
123
Interpretation:
For the reasons on why nobody attended to their dead family member
is shown on Figure 45. Majority which is 40% said that they could not attend
the sickness of the member due to financial problems. And the next three
tied with 20% for Dead on Arrival, Not sick so it was unexpected and an
immediate death. Thus, most unattended deaths are due to financial
problems of the family.
Frequency of Sickness in the Families in

Table 46
Frequency of Frequency Percentage
Sickness
Once a Year 12 27%
Twice a Year 14 32%
Several Times 18 41%
TOTAL 44 100%
124
Figure 46
Interpretation:
In Figure 46, it shows that sickness arrives in the family several times a
year was 41% of the population. 32% said that they have sickness only twice
a year and only 27% said they have sickness for only once a year. Thus,
Canroma is a very prone to disease because of the frequent onset of the
diseases in their community.
Common Ailments among Old People in

Table 47
Ailments Frequen Percent
cy age
Cough 12 18%
Arthritis 7 10%
Colds 8 12%
Flu 7 10%
Rheumatis 1 2%
m
Headache 2 3%
Cardiovasc 1 2%
ular
Disease
Body 1 2%
Malaise
Ailments Frequen Percent

cy age
Hypertensi 7 10%
on
Fever 11 17%
125
Body Pain 2 3%
Abdominal 1 2%
Pain
Asthma 2 3%
Constipati 1 2%
on
Tuberculos 1 2%
is
Toothache 1 2%
Figure 47
Interpretation:
In Figure 47, it shows that the most prevalent ailment of old people is
cough with 12 responses or 18%. Next is the fever with 11 responses or 17%,
followed by the colds having 8 responses or 12 %. Tied with 7 responses or
10%, is arthritis, flu and hypertension. With 2 responses or 3% are the
headache, asthma and body pain. Lastly, having 1 response or 2% are the
ailments of rheumatism, CVD, body malaise, abdominal pain, constipation, TB
and toothache. This implies that old people must be taught on ways to avoid
cough.
Common Ailments among Teenagers in

Table 48
126
Ailment Frequency Percentage

Allergy 1 2%
Colds 8 23%
Stomach Pain 1 3%
Influenza 4 12%
Fever 11 32%
Cough 7 21%
Headache 1 3%
Dizziness 1 3%
Figure 48
Interpretation:
In Figure 48, it shows that the most prevalent ailment among teens in
Brgy. Canroma is fever with 11 responses or 32%. Next is the cold with 8
responses or 23%, followed by the cough having 7 responses or 21 %. With 4
responses or 12%, is influenza. And the least most prevalent ailments with 1
responses or 2% are the allergy, stomach pain, headache and dizziness.
Thus, it implies that teens should learn what to do when they have a fever
and how to avoid it.
Common Ailments among Children in

127

Table 49
Ailments Frequen Percenta
cy ge
Allergy 1 2%
Colds 13 24%
Hyperacidi 1 2%
ty
Influenza 10 18%
Fever 12 23%
Cough 6 11%
Headache 2 4%
Ailment Frequenc Percenta

y ge
Stomach 1 2%
Pain
Minor 1 2%
Accidents
Pneumonia 1 2%
Asthma 2 4%
Typhoid 1 2%
Fever
Dizziness 1 2%
Toothache 1 2%
Figure 49
Interpretation:
In Figure 49, it shows that the most prevalent ailment among children
in Brgy. Canroma is colds with 13 responses or 24%. Next is the fever with 12
128
responses or 23%, followed by the influenza having 10 responses or 18 %.
With 6 responses or 11%, is the cough. Both with 2 responses or 4% are the
headache and astma. And the least most prevalent ailments all with 1
response or 2% are the allergy, hyperacidity, stomach pain, minor accidents,
pneumonia, typhoid fever, dizziness and toothache. It can be implied that
parents must nourish his/her child well to avoid colds.
Medications Taken by Families for Ailments in

Table 50
Medication Frequen Percent
cy age
Herbal 4 6%
Medicine
Generic 2 3%
Decolgen 1 1%
Pilodipine 1 1%
Catapress 2 3%
Ambass 1 1%
Defenax 1 1%
Biogesic 9 15%
Medicol 3 6%
Paracetamol 22 33%
Bioflu 2 3%
Carbocisteine 2 3%
Dulcolax 1 1%
Medication Freque Percentag

ncy e
Antacid 1 1%
Amoxycillin 2 3%
Neobloc 2 3%
Kremil S 1 1%
Multivitamins 2 3%
Lynoxyn 1 1%
Aptopril 1 1%
Alvidon 1 1%
Solmux 1 1%
Neozep 1 1%
129
Cotrimoxazole 1 1%
Tempra 3 4%
Alaxan 1 1%
Figure 50
Interpretation:
Basing from graph, Paracetamol having 22 responses or 33% is the

most frequently taken medicine. And all having 1 response or 1% are
Decolgen, Pilodipine, Ambass, Defenax, Dulcolax, Antacid, Kremil S, Lynoxyn,
Aptopril, Alvidon, Solmux, Neozep and Alaxan. It can be implied that the
residents of Brgy. Canroma need various medications/drugs to help them
recover from their illness. Also, that a frequent illness they experience is
fever since Paracetamol is used to treat fever.
Person Giving the Medicine in the Families in

Table 51
Giver of Medicine Frequency Percentage
Barangay Kagawad 2 5%
Self 5 11%
Midwife 11 25%
Doctor 13 29%
Pharmacist 1 2%
Family Member/Parents 6 14%
Health Center 6 14%
130
Figure 51
Interpretation:
In Figure 51, the person who mostly gives out the medicines to
the residents of the community is the doctor having 30%. This is followed by
the midwife with 25%, the health center staff with 14%, one’s self with11%,
family members/parents with 9%, other people (A.Zamora) with 5%, the
barangay kagawad with 4% and finally the pharmacists with 2%. With this, it
can be implied that those who give out the medications are authorized or
knowledgeable about the medicines to avoid further complications and help
the patient recover faster.
Age of Giving Supplementary Feeding to Babies in

Table 52
Age Frequency Percentage
At birth 1 2%
3 months 1 2%
4-5 months 3 7%
6-8 months 15 35%
1 year 5 11%
131
2 years 9 20%
3 years 2 5%
Can’t Remember 5 11%
No baby 3 7%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 52
Interpretation:
In Figure 52, the most frequent age that is given supplementary

feeding is 6-8 months with 34%. This is followed by 2 yrs old with 21% and 1
yr old with 11%. 11% also said that they did not remember at what age that
gave their child supplementary feeding. Next, 7% or 3 responded that they
did not have and another 7% said that they gave the feeding at 4-5months.
5% answered that the supplementary feeding was given at 3 years old and
lastly both at 2% said that supplementary feeding was given at birth and at 3
months of age. This can imply that the mothers give the supplementary
feeding when their child is capable of eating on his/her own after
breastfeeding.
Supplementary Food Given to Babies in

Table 53 Food Frequenc Percentag
y e
Bread 1 1%
Oats 1 1%
Gerber 2 3%
Milk 4 6%
Fish 2 3%
Egg 2 3%
Potato 2 3%
Carrots 1 1%
Royal 1 1%
132
Food Freque Percentage

ncy
Rice 8 11%
Squash 5 7%
Banana 3 4%
Porridge 7 9%
Cerelac 19 27%
Su-am 2 3%
Soup 10 14%
Fruits 4 6%
Vegetables 5 7%
Figure 53
Interpretation:
In Figure 53 the food that was mostly given for supplementary feeding
was Cerelac with19 responses or 27%. The next is soup with 10 responses or
14%, followed by rice with 8 responses of 11%, then porridge with 7
responses or 9%. Both having 5 responses or 7% are vegetables and squash
and with 4 responses or 6% are fruits and milk. The supplementary food
given with 3 responses or 4% is banana. All tied with 2 responses or 3% are
su-am, Gerber, fish, eggs and potato. Finally, food given with 1 response and
1% include bread, oats, carrots and royal. This implies that parents give food
that they perceive as the most nutritious.
Distance of Barangay Health Station to Houses in

133

Table 54
Distance Frequency Percentage
100m 6 14%
250m 2 4%
400m 3 7%
500m 7 16%
800m 1 2%
1km 18 41%
3km 3 7%
Unaware 4 9%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 54
Interpretation:
In Figure 54, 41% of the residents said that the Brgy. Health Station
was located 1 km away from their house. 16% of the residents said that it
was 500 meters away. 14% answered that it was 100 meters away. 9% of the
residents did not know how far their house is from the BHS. 7% said that it
was 400 meters and/or 3kms away from their house. 4% of the residents’
houses were located 250 meters away. And lastly, 2% responded that the
distance from their house to the BHS was both 800 meters away. This implies
that the nearer one’s house is from the BHS the faster they can ask for help
when one is sick in their area.
Distance of Rural Health Unit to Houses in

134

Table 55
½ Kilometer 1 2%
1 Kilometer 15 34%
1 ½ Kilometer 5 11%
2 Kilometer 6 14%
3 Kilometer 4 9%
4 Kilometer 1 2%
5 Kilometer 2 5%
Unaware 10 23%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 55
Interpretation:
In Figure 55, 34% of the residents said that the RHU was located 1 km
away from their house. 23% of the residents did not know how far their house
is from the RHU. 14% said that it was 2 kilometers away from their house.
11% of the residents’ houses were located 1.5 kms away. 9% said that the
hospital was located 3 km. away from their houses. 5% answered that the
hospital was located both 5 km. away from where they lived. And lastly, 2%
responded that the distance from their house to the RHU was both ½ km and
4 kms. away. This can imply that the nearer one’s house is from the RHU the
faster they can ask for medical help from the RHU staff.

135
Distance of Hospital to Houses in

Table 56
1 Kilometer 5 11%
2 Kilometers 6 14%
3 Kilometers 2 4%
4 Kilometers 2 5%
5 Kilometers 4 9%
10 Kilometers 1 2%
15 Kilometers 2 5%
16 Kilometers 1 2%
48 Kilometers 15 34%
Unaware 6 14%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 56
Interpretation:
In Figure 56, 34% of the residents said that the hospital was located 48
kilometers away from their house. 14% said that it was 2 kilometers away or
they were unaware of the distance from their house. 11% of the residents’
houses were located 1 km away from the hospital. 9% said that the hospital
was located 5 kms. away from their houses. 5% answered that the hospital
was located both 4 and 15 kms. away from their houses. 4% said that their
houses were located 3 kms. away from the hospital. And lastly, 2%
responded that the distance from their house to the hospital was 10 and 16
kms away. This can imply that the nearer one’s house is from the hospital the
faster they can seek medical assistance.
136
Children Thin, Pale, with Big Abdomen and Skin Disease in

Table 57
Number of Frequency Percentage
Children
One 2 5%
Two 1 2%
None 41 93%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 57
Interpretation:
Basing from Figure 57, 41 responses or 93% of the children of Brgy
Canroma are not thin, pale, with big abdomen and skin disease. 2 responses
or 5 5% answered one of their children is thin, pale, with big abdomen and
skin disease. 1 response or 2% said that 2 of his/her children were thin, pale,
with big abdomen and skin disease. This implies that most of the children in
Brgy .Canroma is not malnourished.

137
Visited Health Care Facility in

Table 58
Health Facility Frequency Percentage
Barangay Health Station 26 47%
Municipal Health Center 7 13%
Private Clinic 7 13%
Hospital 8 14%
Others: 13%
Rural Health Unit 3
Home 2
Home of Herbolario 2
Figure 58
Interpretation:
In Table & Fig 58 presents the health facilities visited by the residents
of Barangay Canroma when they are ill. The Barangay Health Station ranked
138
the first having 26 votes or 47%. Next is the hospital having 8 votes or 14%.
And lastly, all tied at 7 votes with 13 % are the Municipal Health Center,
private clinics and others (RHU, home, home of herbolario). Basing from the
results in the chart, the BHS is the most visited health facility of Barangay
Canroma. This may due to its near location or accessibility to the barangay.
This would be helpful for this community so that they can avail health
services faster and easier as compared to the health facilities located farther
from Barangay Canroma.
Consulted Health Care Provider in

Table 59
Health Frequen Percenta
Care cy ge
Provider
Herbolario 11 16%
Midwife 20 30%
Nurse 8 12%
Doctor 28 42%
139
Figure 59
Interpretation:
Table and Fig 59 display the health care providers consulted by the
residents of Barangay Canroma when they are sick. As seen in the table and
graph provided, the doctor ranks the highest with 28 and has 42% of the
votes. This is followed by the midwife with 20 and has 30% of the votes. Next
is the herbolario with 11 and have 16% of the votes. The HC provider that
was the least consulted among the others is the nurse with 8 and has 12% of
the votes. most of the residents of Barangay Canroma prefer to consult a
doctor when one is ill because he/she is able to treat them well due to his
medical experience.
Utilization of Family Planning Method in

Table 60
Response Freque Percentage
ncy
Yes 23 52%
No 21 48%
TOTAL 44 100%
140
Figure 60
Interpretation:
Figure 60 shows the percentages of the responses of the residents of
Barangay Canroma as to whether they use Family Planning Methods. 52% of
the residents answered yes and 48% answered no to using Family Planning
Methods. Thus, we can say that most families are well-taught of the method
and practice it in their families.
Family Planning Method Used by the Families in

Table 61
141
Method Used Frequency Percentage

Rhythm 3 10%
Pills 10 36%
Sterilization 1 4%
Others: 50%
Withdrawal 4
Condoms 4
Injectables 4
Calendar 1
Abstinence 1
Figure 61
Interpretation:
Table 61 shows the choices of Family Planning methods used by the

Brgy. Canroma. As seen in the table, other methods that include withdrawal,
condoms, injectables, calendar and abstinence rank the highest with 14 votes
(50% of the votes). The last is the use of the intrauterine device (IUD) having
no votes. Among the different choices of Family Planning methods, the
residents of Barangay Canroma mostly preferred other methods that include
142
withdrawal, condoms, injectables, calendar and abstinence. These may be

their preferences because these methods are cost efficient or are free of cost.
Source of Knowledge of Family Planning Method in

Table 62
From who Frequency Percentage
Neighbor 2 6%
Relative 1 3%
Midwife 13 38%
Nurse 6 18%
Doctor 3 9%
Others: 26%
BHW 4
Health Center 4
Whole 1
Barangay
Figure 62
Interpretation:
As shown in Figure 62, most mothers learned the method from the
midwife which comprises 38% of the total response. It is then followed by
other sources like the health center, whole barangay, and barangay health
worker with 26% of the whole response. 18% of it then is the nurse, 9% from
143
the doctor, 6% from their neighbor and only 3% from their relatives. This
implies that the mothers are well-associated and well-informed by their
midwives and are able to know health information fast.
Reasons for not Using Family Planning Method in

Table 63
Inconvenience 3 14%
Unmarried 5 24%
Financial Problems 1 5%
Absence of Husband 1 5%
Unaware 5 24%
Weight issues 1 5%
Separation from 2 9%
husband
Wants a Child 2 9%
Due to illness 1 5%
144
Figure 63
Interpretation:
Table and Graph 63 present the values for the various reasons why
some residents of Barangay Canroma do not practice Family Planning. Among
them, the reason of being unmarried and unaware ranked the highest with 5
votes (24%). The second highest reason is inconvenience with 3 votes (14%).
The next reasons of separation from one’s husband and wanting a child are
tied at 2 votes (9%). And lastly, all tied at 1 vote (5%) are the reasons of
financial problems, the absence of the husband, the fear of getting fat and
due to an illness.
Health Care Provider Consulted When Pregnant in

Table 64
145
Person Consulted Frequency Percentage

Untrained Hilot 1 2%
Hilot 2 4%
Midwife 31 60%
Nurse 3 6%
Doctor 11 20%
Others: 8%
RHU staff 1
Health Center 2
staff 1
paltera
Figure 64
Interpretation:
Fig 64 shows the values for the persons consulted when one is
pregnant in Brgy. Canroma. The most visited is the midwife with 31 votes
(60%). This is followed by the doctor with 11 votes (20%). The next, having 3
votes (6%) is the nurse. The RHU/ Health Center staff and the paltera, all in
146
all, have 4 votes (8%). The trained hilot got 2 votes (4%). And the lease
visited person when one is pregnant with 1 vote (2%) is the untrained hilot.
Households with Herbal Plants in

Table 65
Yes 29 66%
No 15 34%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 65
Interpretation:
As Figure 65 shows, 66% of the members of the community have
herbal plants. The remaining 34% members of the community do not have
herbal plants. This implies that most residents use herbal plants in the
treatment of some of their ailments.

147
Types of Herbal Plants Present in

Table 66
Plant Frequen Percent
cy age
Sambong 1 1%
Guava 2 3%
Ginger 1 1%
Laniti 1 1%
Yerba Buena 2 3%
Pitu-Pito 1 1%
Malunggay 4 6%
Artamisa 14 20%
Lagundi 4 6%
Pasaw 1 1%
Kasla 3 4%
Plant Frequenc Percentag

y e
Mansanilla 1 1%
Oregano 12 17%
Alugbati 1 1%
Lampunaya 4 6%
Amargoso 1 1%
Taheebo 2 3%
Buyo 2 3%
Ginseng 2 3%
Alibhon 4 6%
Ampalaya 2 3%
Others 4 6%
148
Figure 66
Interpretation:
Basing from Figure 66, artamisa having 14 responses or 20% is the

most abundant herbal plant present in Brgy. Canroma. This is followed by
oregano with 12 responses or 17%. Having 4 responses or 7% are the
malunggay, lagundi, lampunaya and alibhon. Both having 3 reponses or 4% is
the kasla. With 2 responses or 2%, are the guava, yerba Buena, taheebo,
buyo, ginseng and ampalaya. Lastly, all having 1 response or 1% are that
sambong, ginger, laniti, pitu-pito, pasaw, mansanilla, alugbati, and amargoso.
This implies that the community has a variety of herbal plants and some of
which are included in the DOH Top 10 Herbal plants which are used to
effectively treat common diseases.
Ailments Cured by Herbal Plants in

Table 67
149
Ailment Frequen Percenta

cy ge
Lack of 1 2%
Appetite
Sore throat 1 2%
Deworming 1 2%
(Parasitism)
Wounds 1 2%
Pain 2 5%
Rheumatism 2 5%
Cough 15 33%
Flu 3 7%
High BP 1 2%
Ailment Frequenc Percentag

y e
Diabetes 1 2%
Body Malaise 1 2%
Asthma 1 2%
Headache 2 5%
Diarrhea 1 2%
Fever 5 11%
Cold 3 7%
Toothache 1 2%
Stomachache 2 5%
Hyperacidity 1 2%
Figure 67
Interpretation:
From Figure 67, the ailment that is mostly cured by herbal plants is
cough with 15 response or 33%. The next ailment cured is the fever with 5
responses or 11%. Both with 3 responses or 7% are the flu and the cold. Also
150
with 2 responses or 5% are pain, rheumatism, headache and stomachache.

Lastly all with 1 response or 2 %, lack of appetite, sore throat, parasitism,
wounds, high BP, diabetes, body malaise, asthma, diarrhea, toothache and
hyperacidity are cured with the use of herbal plants. This implies that herbal
plants are effective in the treatment of common ailments like cough and
fever.
Venue for Delivering a Baby in

Table 68
Place of Frequen Percenta
Delivery cy ge
House 23 46%
Rural Health 7 14%
Unit
Hospital 17 34%
Others: BHS 3 6%
Figure 68
Interpretation:
Fig. 68 displays the places where mothers deliver their babies. 23 or
46% preferred that they delivered their baby in their house. 17 or 34%
delivered at the hospital, 7 or 14% at the Rural Health Unit, 3 or 6% gave

151
birth in the Barangay Health Station and none delivered in private clinics.
Basing from the results, most mothers prefer to deliver their babies in the
security of their own homes compared to private clinics. This can be for the
reason that they want to reduce costs.
Breastfeeding Mothers in
Table 69
Yes 37 84%
No 7 16%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 69
Interpretation:
As Figure 69 shows, 84% of mothers in the community practice
breastfeeding. The remaining 16% members of the community do not

152
practice breastfeeding. This implies that most mothers prefer to nourish their
baby from their own milk.
Length of Breastfeeding of Mothers in

Table 70
Duration Frequency Percentage
1 month 2 6%
2 months 1 3%
4 months 1 3%
6 months 4 11%
7 months 2 6%
1 year 4 11%
1 ½ years 3 7%
2 years 13 36%
3 years 5 14%
Can’t Remember 1 3%
Figure 70
Interpretation:
153
As seen in Figure 70, most mothers did breastfeeding for 2 years with
13 responses or 36%. This is followed by 3 years with 5 responses or 14%, 1
year and 6 months both with 4 responses or 11%, 1.5 years with 3 responses
or 7% and 7months and 1 month both having 2 responses or 6%. Lastly, all
with 1 response or 3 % mothers breastfed for 2 and 4 months and also with
3% said that she can’t remember how long she breastfed. It can be implied
that the mothers believe that breastfeeding is healthy for their baby.
Reasons of Mothers for not Breastfeeding in

Table 71
No baby 3 43%
Mother feels 4 57%
uncomfortable
TOTAL 7 100%
Figure 71
Interpretation:
In Figure 71 shows the reasons why mothers do not breastfeed. 57% of
mothers think breastfeeding is uncomfortable. The remaining 43% of mothers
do not have a baby. This implies that most mothers think their child can be
154
nourished through supplementary feeding since they do not practice
breastfeeding.
Immunization of Children in

Table 72
Response Frequenc Percentag
y e
Yes 39 88%
No 2 5%
No Child 3 7%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 72
155
Interpretation:
Figure 72 shows the percentages as to whether the children of
Barangay Canroma were submitted for immunization. The highest rank of
88% children was given immunization. 7% of children were unaware or did
not use immunization and the remaining 5% of children were not given
immunization at all. Most of the children of Barangay Canroma were given
immunization however there is still a number that did not receive and does
not practice immunization. Thus, we can say that the not all the children are
safe from diseases.
Vaccines of Immunized Children in

Table 73
Vaccine Freque Percent
ncy age
DPT 29 25%
BCG 29 25%
OPV 32 27%
Cholera/ Typhoid 28 23%
Figure 73
156
Interpretation:
Fig 73 shows the amounts of vaccines given to the children of Brgy.
Canroma. The Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) was the most administered with 32
responses or 27% of the total response. The 2 second most administered are
the DPT and BCG vaccines which has 25% of the responses. And the least
administered with the amount of 28 or 23% of all the responses was the
vaccine for Cholera/Typhoid Fever. These vaccines are freely provided by their
health facilities as part of their health programs. A good amount of the
vaccines of DPT, OPV, BCD and Cholera or Typhoid were administered to the
children of Brgy. Canroma. It can be implied that in their community there can
be a decrease in the rate of child morbidity/mortality caused by the diseases
that is simply prevented by these vaccines during immunization.
Mothers Immunized with Tetanus Toxoid in

Table 74
157
Figure 74
Interpretation:
As shown on Figure 74, 68% said that they have been immunized by
Tetanus Toxoid. The remaining 32% said or 14 respondents said they have
not. So this would imply that there is still a big portion of the community who
are susceptible to Tetanus especially to mothers.
Mode of Transportation Used to Health Care Facility in

Table 75
Mode of Transportation Frequen Percenta
cy ge
Tricycle 22 42%
Motorcycle 4 8%
Walking/By foot 20 38%
Service of Hospital 2 4%
Trisikad 1 2%
Ambulance 2 4%
Jeepney 1 2%
158
Figure 75
Interpretation:
Figure 75 shows the ways the residents of Brgy. Canroma arrive at their
health facilities. The mode of transportation which is most used is the tricycle
with 42%. The second highest way of reaching their health facilities is by foot
or walking with 20 responses or 38%. Lastly, the least used mode of
transportation is the trisikad and the jeepney with 1 vote or 2%. The mostly
used mode of transportation in going to health facilities is the tricycle and the
least used is the trisikad and the jeepney. The accessibility of the tricycle in
their area makes traveling to the health facility easier. So if one is ill, the
tricycle can help them reach the health facility faster and can prevent further
complications of their illness.
Availability of Botika ng Bayan in

Table 76
Response Freque Percent
ncy age
Yes 4 9%
No 39 91%
TOTAL 44 100%
159
Figure 76
Interpretation:
Brgy Canroma as to whether they use Family Planning Methods. The Botika
ng Bayan was not available to 91% or 39 residents and only the remaining
9% or 4 residents availed of the services of the the Botika ng Bayan. Most of
the residents responded that their barangay does not have the Botika ng
Bayan, a program of the government-owned Philippine International Trading
Corp. that provides cheaper but equally effective medicines. From this, it can
be implied that residents still purchase commonly prescribed medicines at
higher prices and this may be difficult for those who are financially unstable
since the Botika ng Bayan offers the same medicines at lower prices.
Frequency of Availing Midwife Services in

160

Table 77
Frequenc Frequenc Percenta
y Availed y ge
Very Often 6 14%
Often 5 11%
Seldom 13 30%
Very 15 34%
Seldom
None at all 5 11%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 77
Interpretation:
Figure 77 displays the percentages of the frequency in the availing of
midwife services by the residents of Brgy. Canroma. 34% of the residents
very seldom availed of the midwife’s services. 30% seldom availed of the
midwife’s services. Only 14% very often availed of the services of the
midwife, 11% of the residents in Brgy. Canroma both often availed and did
not avail of the services of the midwife.Since the midwife’s services are not
frequently availed, there can be a lack of attention from this professional
health care provider with regards to the health problems faced by the
mother/family. This lack of attention/need of the midwife’s service may result
to possible complications particularly in maternal health.

161
Resident’s Implementation of Health Programs in

Table 78
Response Freque Percent
ncy age
Yes 38 86%
No 6 14%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 78
Interpretation:
Brgy Canroma as to whether they implement the Health Programs of the
barangay or municipality. 86% of the residents answered implemented the
health programs and the remaining 14% answered does not implement the
health programs given by their barangay or municipality. With the barangay’s
high level of implementation of health programs, it can be implied that this
can be helpful in maintaining their good health. Since there are monthly
health programs offered by their barangay/ municipality, the residents of
Brgy. Canroma decrease their risk of illness throughout the year.
162
Results regarding the state of Brgy. Canroma’s Health and Social Sevices
Subsystem were based on the data collected from its residents:
o 70% of the households of Brgy Canroma have a sick member in their
family and 46% of these sick members were in the ages of 61 and above.
61% of the sick members are male. This can imply that those who are in
the retiring age can be considered as a vulnerable group in their
community and must be more informed to in their health promotion and
illness prevention.
o According to the residents, illness occurs several times a year with 41%.
The most common ailment among old people is coughs with 18%, for
teens it is fever with 32%, and for the children is colds with 24%. It can be
implied that Brgy. Likewise, 93% of the children in the community is not
malnourished. Canroma can be a potential disease-prone area and must
be supervised. The residents must be taught basic ways to maintain good
health especially to avoid coughs, colds and fever. The most prevalent
ailment experienced in Brgy. Canroma is hypertension with 19% and this
has been going for 2-5 years for 34% of the residents. It can be implied
that health education or check-ups for hypertension must be implemented
in their community to reduce the occurrence of HPN in their area.
o In addition, 71% of those who are sick receive medical assistance while
the remaining 29% do not which can mean that they are given insufficient
health care. In relation to this, the doctor with 55% is the most consulted
person when one is ill this can be due to his/her high rank or experience
among the other health care providers in their area. They may also
believe that the doctor has the best advice for them and may help them
163
recover faster. The doctor having 30% is also the one who mostly gives
out the medicines to the community.
o With regards to medical services, the residents most frequently use
Paracetamol with 33% which they must have a good supply of. Their
barangay does not have the Botika ng Bayan that amounted to 91%. This
is a program of the government-owned Philippine International Trading
Corp. that provides cheaper but equally effective medicines. From this, it
can be implied that residents still purchase commonly prescribed
medicines at higher prices and this may be difficult for those who are
financially unstable since the Botika ng Bayan offers the same medicines
at lower prices.
o With regards to the community’s mortality, 64% said that they have an
immediately dead family member. The highest cause of death in the
community is Kidney Failure which has 4 responses or 14%.79% was said
to have medical attendance .person attending their immediately dead
member of the family was their family member. Majority which is 40% said
that they could not attend the sickness of the member due to financial
problems
o To reach their health facilities, the residents mostly rode a tricycle or
walked and rarely took the trisikad and jeepney. TheHealth Station of Brgy.
Canroma was the most frequently visited health facility when one is ill and
the least visited facilities are the MHC and private clinics. From their
houses, 41% of the residents said that the Brgy. Health Station was
located 1 km away. 34% of the residents said that the RHU was located 1
164
km away and 34% of the residents said that the hospital was located 48
kilometers away.
o More than half or 52% of the residents practiced Family Planning Methods.
Mothers learned the methods of familiy planning from the midwife which
comprises 38%. The commonly used methods were withdrawal, condoms,
injectables, calendar, abstinence and pills. And for the remaining 48% who
does not practice family planning, it was mostly to due to being unaware
and unmarried.
o In their community, the midwife is someone trained to deliver babies.
With 60% she is the most consulted person when a member of their family
is pregnant. It can be implied that with the training of the midwife, they
are well taken cared of during the extent of their pregnancy. Most mothers
prefer to deliver their babies in the security of their own homes compared
to private clinics. This can be for the reason that they want to reduce
costs. Since they give birth in their homes, the midwives handling them
must be well-equipped in order to avoid complications have a successful
delivery. For the babies, the food that was mostly given for supplementary
feeding was Cerelac with19 responses or 27%. The most frequent age that
is given supplementary feeding is 6-8 months with 34%. Supplementary
feeding is important to fully nourish the child aside from the breast milk
fed.
o Among those who are mothers, 68% said that they have been immunized
by Tetanus Toxoid. It can be implied that both them and their child are
expected to have lifetime immunity. However, they only availed the
midwife’s services very seldom. Most mothers deliver their babies in their
165
own homes and none delivered in private clinics. After giving birth, 88% of
mothers submitted their children for immunization. Among the available
vaccines, the Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) with 27% was the most
administered to their children. Immunization is one of the many health
programs offered by their barangay/municipality. 86% of Barangay
Canroma’s residents implemented the health programs. Lastly, 91% of the
residents did not avail from the cheaper medines offered by the Botika ng
Bayan since Barangay Canroma does not have an outlet in their area .
With the barangay’s high level of implementation of health programs, it
can be implied that this can be helpful in maintaining their good health.
Since there are monthly health programs offered by their barangay/
municipality, the residents of Barangay Canroma decrease their risk of
illness throughout the year.
Conclusion
The Health and Social Services subsystem focuses mainly on the
health status of the community. It also includes the health services received
by those in the area. Basing from the collected health information from the
area, it can be concluded that there will be a reduced incidence of illness in
there are due to their high implementation of the health programs offered by
their barangay or municipality. They also reduce their health complications
because the health providers or their family often attend to those sick in their
area. However, the immunization of the child must greatly be supervised by
the health care providers to lessen the infant morbidity and mortality. Even if
there is a very satisfactory health status in the community, health education

166
regarding illness prevention and health promotion is still beneficial to greatly
improve the health status of the residents Brgy. Canroma.
Recommendations:
From the results, these can be recommended to Barangay Canroma’s
subsystem of Health and Social Services:
o The improvement in the services Health Station of Barangay Canroma
since this health facility is the frequently visited by its residents so that
they will be able to receive effective and quality health care.
o The health care providers available in their area, especially the doctors
and midwives must be competent to effectively fulfill the health-related
needs of the residents.
o The Botika ng Bayan must be provided in Canroma for the residents to
have an accessible and affordable outlet to purchase their needed
medications.
o Well-trained midwives must also be easily accessible in the barangay
since most mothers prefer to deliver in their homes.
o The Barangay Health Station should take initiative and make sure that all
children should be fully immunized to prevent the child from having health
complications in the future.
o There should always be a readily available transportation vehicle in almost
all areas of the barangay in case of the health-related emergencies of its
residents to help them reach the health facilities quicker.
o And most importantly, it is highly recommended to have more information
dissemination or health education regarding to health promotion, illness
prevention, herbal plants and the methods of family planning, breast

167
feeding to avoid and lessen the family’s health problems in the future and
decrease in the mortality and morbidity rate of Barangay Canroma.

168
169
Communities need ways of transmitting information to one another
and among its members. Communication works either by print or by
telecommunication. The media that are found in almost every community
include newspaper, radio, television, telegram, and a post office where letters
are sent. There are also dialogues between the leaders and their members
to maintain peace and order and to address certain problems that may arise.
Communication has a role in enlightening the population on the prevailing
health problems in the country and community. It informs people about the
most appropriate methods of preventing and controlling health problems, and
provides information on alternative types of behavior and their outcome.
In the Municipality of Pontevedra, the Philippine Postal Corporation,
formerly the Bureau of Posts takes a hand in communication sector. A
telephone franchise was granted to RC Yulo by the Philippine Long Distance
Telephone (PLDT) to operate within the municipality. At present, it has 100
subscribers with thirty (30) pending applications. There are national
newspapers and magazines available at the town but there are no records
that show how many subscribe to them. Also a cell site was constructed by
GLOBE Telecom in later part of 1999 to provide support for cell phone users.
Again, there is no record as to the number of cell phones currently operating
in the town.
Barangay Canroma, although having limited technology for
communication, makes use of what is available to them. It disseminates
information to its people in ways that a typical barangay would. Newsletters

170
are sent and meetings are set to spread whatever is of concern to the
barangay.
Telecommunication Used by the Families in

Table 79
Telecommunication Frequen Percentage
Services cy
Internet 0 0%
Two-way Radio 11 8%
Cellular Phone 29 21%
Telephone 4 3%
Postal Sevice 16 11%
Newspaper 16 11%
Television 37 26%
Radio 29 20%
Figure 79
171
Interpretation:
Table 79 shows that residents of Barangay Canroma do not use the
internet, 11 or 8% have used the two-way radio, 29 or 21% have cellular
phones, 4 or 3% have telephones, 16 or 11% avail of the postal service, 16 or
11% have newspapers, 37 or 26% have televisions, 29 or 20% have radios.
Sources of Health Information and News of the Families in

Table 80
Source Frequency Percentage
Health 12 23%
Center
Midwife 16 30%
Kagawad 2 4%
Purok leader 1 2%
Television 3 6%
Radio 1 2%
Books 1 2%
Family 3 6%
Member
Barangay 2 4%
Hall
Source Freque Percentag

ncy e
Seminars 1 2%
Information 1 2%
Dissemination
Pamphlets 1 2%
Rumors 1 2%
Neighbors 5 9%
Riverside 1 2%
(Consultation)
Organization 1 2%
172
Figure 80
Interpretation:
Table 80 shows that for the purok leader, radio, books, seminars,
information dissemination, pamphlets, rumors, Riverside (consultation) and
organization, they each have one person that made them as a source of
information. One person accounts for 2%. The Kagawad and the barangay
hall each have 2 persons making them as their source. Each of them is
equal to 4%. 3 persons made use of the television which is 6%. This is also
true for the family member. 5 persons reported that their source is their
neighbor. This is equal to 9%. 12 persons or 23% rely on the health center
for information and 16 persons or 30% consult the midwife.
PLANS AND PROGRAMS
2000-2009
SECTOR: COMMUNICATION
173
PROJECT DESCRIPTIO LOCATION TOTAL TIME IMPLEMENTIN SOURCE

TITLE N G
PROJECT FRAM OF STATUS
E AGENCY
COST FUND
1. Postal Construction Postal P100,000. 2000- Local National Propose

Postal Office Office 00 Government d
Office Pontevedr 2009 Unit
a
Local Local
Hiring of Government Governm
2.Manpower additional 2000- Unit ent
Postal Unit Propose
personnel
Office 2003 d
Pontevdra
Purchase of
one(1)
3.Vehicles motorcycle 2000- National
in the P National
delivery of Postal 85,000.00 2009 Propose
mails in far- Office d
flung
barangays Pontevdra
2000- Local
Government Local
4. Office 2005 Unit Governm
ent
Tables, Propose
Facilities P Unit
Cabinets d
and Chairs Postal 30,000.00
Office
Pontevdra
The table above shows the proposed developments in the communication

sector in Pontevedra. In a similar way, the researchers would like to
recommend some ways of improving the communication in Barangay
Canroma
The following are the summary of findings based on the data gathered:
174
o As expected of the majority of people living in the Philippines,
whether in rural areas or urban ones, 37 have televisions. This is
26% of the interviewees. Cellular phones rank third in the list and it
is 21%. The radio is of equal importance to the cellular phone as
shown by their similar value of 29. 30% of the interviewees rely on
the midwife for health advices and information. 23% of them
consider the health center as a valuable source of information.
o Barangay Canroma has been missing out on the great opportunity
of getting valuable information about health from the internet.
Although internet contents are not to be trusted completely, they
still are a great help to people who are looking for answers to basic
questions related to health. Due to their access to media like the
television and the radio, they somehow have a great chance in
updating themselves of the current health discoveries and
teachings.
o The people of Barangay Canroma are generally well-guided when it
comes to their health practices and knowledge because there are
more of them who prefer to consult professionals like the midwives
about their health problems and other concerns. This will ensure
that they are able to take care of themselves and be healthy for
most of the time. Although there are some who still seek help from
random sources, their number is very low.

175
Conclusion:
Communication is very important in a community. It is a way of
circulating information essential to keep the community running smoothly
and orderly. It is significant especially in maintaining the health status of the
community. Barangay Canroma may still not reach its potential in
communication technology but it has been doing good in making use of what
is available at hand. The people are relying more on medical professionals
like the midwife as their health information source. To enhance this
subsystem, the barangay should find a way to improve their facilities and
make use of up-to-date and reliable health news.
Recommendations:
The following are the recommendations based on the findings acquired:
o If possible, give way for internet access among the residents.
o Strengthen the information dissemination in the barangay through active
newsletters.
o Provision of facilities like the telephone for all to use to be able to
communicate clearly and consistently.
o Sharing of health information, be it formal or informal, which is read from
the newspapers.
o Information dissemination must be strengthened to prevent the spread of
incorrect
o Information that may cause harm to the people’s health.

176
177
Economics deals about the production, distribution and
consumption of goods and services. It involves 3 questions:
a. For who are the goods or services produced?
b. What services or goods must be produced?
c. How are these goods and services produced?
With these facts taken into consideration, economics pertain to
lots of things like the following: goods or products, livelihood, prices,
demand and supply, etc.
In our respective community, Barangay Canroma, Pontevedra,
economics is one of the determinants of the progression or
development of both the people and the government. It is the way by
which people devise strategies in order to earn a living or else a side-
line in these hard times. People tend to channel whatever resources
they could get a hand on.
The progression of an economic system can then lead to the improvisation of
facilities, goods and services in a certain area. It can also lead to better healthcare goods
and services which in turn would contribute to the over-all health of an individual.
Healthy citizens of a country are what are needed to make the country progress, but first,
a country’s economy must be good enough to sustain the well-being of its people
consistently.
178
Monthly Income of Families in

Table 81
Monthly Income Families Percentage
900-1599 12 27%
1600-2999 7 16%
3000-4999 5 12%
5000-6999 4 9%
7000-8999 1 2%
9000-10000 4 9%
No fixed Income 11 25%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 81
Interpretation:
Majority of the residents Barangay Canroma Pontevedra have an

income between 900 to 1599. It is shown in Figure 81 that they comprise 27%
of the whole population. 25% of them responded that they have no fixed
income. Following it is 16% of the households surveyed. They said that they
have an income ranging from 1600 to 2999. 12% responded that they have
an income between 3000 to 4999, 9% said they have an income of 5000-
6999 and 9000-10000 respectively. Only 2% of the over-all population
surveyed responded that they have an income of 7000-8999. Thus, we can
179
say that most citizens in Purok Punong Barangay Canroma are middle class
families and are able to pay enough for their daily needs.
Monthly Income of Families in

Table 82
Livelihood Freque Percent
present in ncy age
household
Backyard 31 32%
Garden
Poultry 28 29%
(Chicken)
Pig Raising 16 17%
Carabao Raising 6 6%
Goat Raising 4 4%
Duck Raising 12 12%
Figure 82
Interpretation:
Figure 82 shows that 32% have backyard garden where they are able
to plant their vegetables and crops. It is followed by the poultry with 29% of
180
all the responses. Then, pig-raising follows next with 17%, duck-raising with
12% and carabao-raising with 6%. The fewest response went to the goat-
raising with only 4% of the total responses. Planting vegetables is probably
the most common agricultural occupation of the people in the community.
Households Domesticating Animals in

Table 83
Response Freque Percentage
ncy
Yes 40 90.91%
No 4 9.09%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 83
Interpretation:
In Figure 83, it shows that 91% of the total populations domesticate
animals. Only 9% of the total population admits that they don’t domesticate
any animals. This implies that a large number of households have animals
181
with them. As to what kinds of animals are being domesticated, it will be
shown on the next graph and table.
Animals Domesticated in

Table 84
Domestic Number Percentag
Animals e
Pig 15 19%
Carabao 7 9%
Goat 3 4%
Cow 1 1%
Fowls 32 42%
Others 25%
Cat 5
Dog 14
Figure 84
Interpretation:
182
According to Figure 84 we can see, majority of the people in Barangay
Canroma, Pontevedra have domestic animals in their households. And based
on the data we gathered (shown in Figure 2.04), we can see that the majority
of the domestic animals in Pontevedra are Fowls (42%), next are the Dogs
and Cats (25%), then the pigs (19%), the Carabaos (9%), the goats (4%), and
lastly, there is one cow (1%). These data can be explained by the primary
sources of income for a rural place like Barangay Canroma in Pontevedra
which are mainly agricultural in nature.
Town Facilities Available in

Table 85
Town Facilities Frequen Percentage
cy
School House 40 17%
Health Center 44 19%
Barangay Hall 44 19%
Playground 35 15%
Church 43 18%
Market 27 12%
183
Figure 85
Interpretation:
As shown in Figure 85, 19% of the total response went to the health
center and barangay hall with 44 responses each. It is followed by the church
with 18%, school house with 17%, playground with only 15% and lastly, by
the market with only 12% of the total response. All in the community are fully
aware that they have a Barangay Hall and Health Center which implies that
they will know where to go in times of their needs.
Vegetable Consumption of Family in

Table 86
Frequency Percenta
ge
Daily 33 75%
Every Week 5 12%
Twice a Week 4 9%
Once a Week 1 2%
Once a Month 1 2%
TOTAL 44 100%
184
Figure 86
Interpretation:
The figure above (Figure 86) shows that most of them or 33% of them
responded that they eat vegetables. Then, 12% responded they eat
vegetables every week. 9% responded that they eat vegetables twice a week
only and only 2% say that they only eat vegetables once a week and once a
month. Vegetables are most likely their everyday viand on their table.
Fruit Consumption of Family in

Table 87
Frequency Percentag
e
Daily 21 48%
Every 6 14%
Week
Twice a 12 27%
Week
Once a 4 9%
Week
Once a 1 2%
Month
TOTAL 44 100%
185
Figure 87
Interpretation:
Figure 87 shows that 48% eat their fruits daily, 14% responded that
they eat fruits every week. There are 27% of the respondents that say they
eat fruits twice a week. Only 9% eat fruits once a week and only 2% eat their
fruits on a monthly basis. Each family in the community is able to eat just
enough amounts of fruit but they most likely eat it on a daily basis.
Fish Consumption of Family in

Table 88
Frequenc Percenta
y ge
Daily 34 77%
Every 5 12%
week
Twice a 4 9%
week
Once a 1 2%
week
Once a 0 0%
month
TOTAL 44 100%
186
Figure 88
Interpretation:
Figure 88 shows that 34 or 77% of the households are able to serve
fish on their table on the daily basis. 12% only serve every week, 9% serve
fish twice a week, 2% serve fish once a week and none of them responded
that they serve fish once a month only. Fish is another food that most family
in Barangay Canroma can eat on a daily basis.
Meat and Poultry Consumption of Family in

Table 89
Frequenc Percenta
y ge
Daily 1 2%
Every 5 11%
Week
Twice a 13 30%
week
Once a 16 36%
Week
Once a 9 21%
Month
TOTAL 44 100%
187
Figure 89
Interpretation:
Figure 89 show that most of the households (36% of them) eat meat
once a week only and 30% eat twice a week. It is followed by those who eat
once a month only with 21% of the overall population. 11% responded they
only eat every week and only 2% responded they eat meat on a daily basis.
Meat and Poultry is least eaten daily. Most families in the community are only
able to eat meat once a week.
Rice and Root Crops Consumption of Family in

Table 90
Frequenc Percentag
y e
Daily 43 98%
Every 0 0%
Week
Twice a 1 2%
Week
Once a 0 0%
Week
Once a 0 0%
Month
TOTAL 44 100%
188
Figure 90
Interpretation:
In Figure 90, it shows that almost all or 98% of the population eats rice
or root crops on a daily basis. Only 2% or 1 household eat rice or root crops
twice a week. No one responded that they eat root crops/rice every week,
once a week or once a month. Almost all the households have rice on the
table to eat daily.
Legumes Consumption of Family in

Table 91
Frequenc Percentag
y e
Daily 10 23%
Every 4 9%
Week
Twice a 6 14%
Week
Once a 12 27%
Week
Once a 12 27%
Month
TOTAL 44 100%
189
Figure 91
Interpretation:
Figure 91 shows that the majority or those who got 27% of the
responses were those who said they serve legumes only once a week and
once a month. It is then followed by those who said they serve it daily with
23% of the total response. Only 14% responded that they serve legumes only
twice a week and 9% said they serve legumes every week. Legumes are least
eaten by the families in the community which is only once a week or month.
Place to get Fruits and Vegetables in

Table 92
Place Frequency Percentage
Backyard Garden 31 54%
Market 21 36%
Neighbor 4 7%
Vendor 2 3%
190
Figure 92
Interpretation:
In figure 92, majority of the household or 54% of them get their fruits
and vegetables on their own backyard garden. Then, 36% of the households
get them by buying them in the market. Only 7% of the total households get
them from their neighbor and 3% buy them from roaming vendors. This
implies that most households plant their own vegetables and fruits wherein
they feed for their family.
Residents’ Awareness of Income-Generating Projects in

Table 93
Income- Frequency Percentage
Generating
Projects
Yes 8 18%
191
No 36 82%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 93
Interpretation:
In Figure 93, it is evidently shown that most people in the community
do not know that there are existing income-generating projects in the
barangay. 82% of the total says that they do not know that their barangay
has income-generating projects. Only 8 or 18% of the people know of the
existing projects of the barangay.
Local Government Income-Generating Projects in

Table 94
Projects Frequency Percentage
Agricultural 1 12%
Group Projects 1 13%
192
Fiesta Activities 1 12%

Pandan Weaving 1 13%
Domestication of 1 12%
Animals
“Katuwang” 1 13%
Program
Clean and Green 1 12%
Project
“Panahi” Project 1 13%
Figure 94
Interpretation:
As shown in the graph in Figure 94, among those 8 who know existing
income-generating projects, each knows one project. Thus, all projects tie at
1 response each or 12.5% each. We can imply that the existing projects help
the people in the community cope in times of need like when they have
financial problems or even health problems.
Reasons for not being Aware of Existence of Income-Generating
Projects in Barangay Canroma, Pontevedra, Neg. Occ.

Table 95
Reasons Frequency Percentage
Newly-elected 1 3%
193
Leader
As of Now, Nothing 1 3%
Not enough Funds 1 3%
No Idea 30 83%
Not yet established 2 5%
No one to handle 1 3%
Figure 95
Interpretation:
As shown in Figure 95, 30 or 83% of those who said that there is no
income-generating projects said that they do not have any idea on why there
is no projects by the barangay. 2 or 5% said that the project was not fully-
established by the local government. And 1 or 3% of each said that it’s
because of a new leader, no funds, no handler and no project for now. Thus,
we can say that most are unaware of existing income-generating projects in
the community.
Residents Owning a Piece of Land in

194
Table 96
Own a Frequen Percenta
land cy ge
Yes 20 45%
No 24 55%
TOTAL 44 100%
Figure 96
Interpretation:
Majority of the household responded that they do not own a piece of
land as shown in Figure and Table 96. They compose 55% of the total
population of those surveyed. The remaining who responded yes composes
45% of the population. So we can imply that majority of the households do
not have their own land to have a place a living of their own.
Products of Households with Land in

195

Table 97
Products Frequenc Percentag
y e
Vegetables 8 29%
Poultry 1 4%
Rice 6 22%
Pigs and 1 4%
Goats
Root Crops 1 4%
Fruits 7 26%
Legumes 3 11%
Figure 97
Interpretation:
Figure 97 shows that to those who own a piece of land, 29% responded
that they plant vegetables as their product. It is then followed by 26% who
responded that their product is fruits. 22% responded they have rice, 11%
have legumes as their product and lastly 4% only responded they have pigs
and goats, poultry and root crops as their products. Products people have in
the community of Canroma are mostly vegetables and fruits.

196
Place to Sell Products in

Table 98
Places Frequenc Percenta
y ges
Not 3 14%
Selling
Market 9 41%
Millers 4 18%
Home 5 23%
Madyong 1 4%
Figure 98
Interpretation:
Of all those who have products, 41% said that their products go to the
market as shown in Figure 98. It is followed by those who sell their products
at their respective homes with 23% of the total response. Then 18% said their
products go to the millers, 14% prefer not to sell them and only 4% go to
madyong. As a result of the data gathered, products of the people from
Barangay Canroma go most likely to the market wherein they are sold to the
people.
197
The following are the summary of findings given the data gathered:
o Most of them have an average income (between 900 to 1599) that may
not really sustain their daily necessities or basic needs.
o Their income can either come from their jobs or from the produce they
have gathered and sold since most of them, though they really do not own
another smaller or bigger piece of land other than the one on which their
house is built on, utilize whatever is left of their land into planting fruits
and vegetables.
o With this aspect of a backyard garden taken into consideration, this can
also be their source of everyday food. Though most of the produce of their
garden goes to the market to be sold, they also leave some for
themselves because according to the data, most of them also get their
fruits and vegetables from their very own backyard garden.
o Having their own backyard garden is the reason why they mostly have
vegetables or fruits as part of their everyday meals. They also eat mostly
fish and rice on an everyday basis, which can be attributed to the fact that
some of the people in their place who own bigger strips of land have also
utilized a piece of their land to rice-planting, and some prefer to fish to
earn a living since they are situated near the sea anyway. The least eaten
foods by the families are meat and poultry and legumes.
o Though there are people who are unaware of other income-generating
projects of the barangay, there are also those few who were aware of such
projects and didn’t only rely on the produce of their backyard garden but
198
also utilized some of their skills into other projects like pandan-weaving,
domestication, and sewing as well.
o With regards to the community’s other queries, most of the people were
aware enough that they have a Barangay Hall and Health Center in which
they can run to whenever the need arises.
Conclusion:
The economic aspect of Barangay Canroma will progress even more if
only the people are all aware of the income-generating projects of the
barangay, and proper and thorough information dissemination is utilized by
proper authorities and barangay officials. The average income of P900-P1599
will increase if the people will either learn to utilize what’s left of their land or
learn other income-generating projects in the barangay. The few who have
backyard gardens do not only reap additional income as a benefit, but they
also have health benefits owing to the fact that they also get what they eat
from their own gardens. Brgy. Canroma’s health aspect would be good if
people continue to eat plenty of fruits, vegetables and fish. Healthy body
renders one with a healthy mind and a wealth of ideas. With the
aforementioned, the economics and health of Barangay Canroma would
definitely improve greatly, thus reducing the incidence of serious diseases,
and facilitating the addition, improvement or replacement of equipments and
the like. Improvement or provision of facilities would further help in the other
aspects of the barangay like education, government, etc.

199
Recommendation:
The following are the recommendation from the summary of findings:
o Those people who are selling produce out of their backyard garden should
continue doing so.
o The income-generating projects must be disseminated thoroughly and
people must be really obliged to attend meetings regarding this matter.
People who are selling produce out of their backyard garden or doing
other income-generating projects should be assigned as speakers for the
particular meeting because they themselves have experienced such and
can really show others what is best to do.

200
201
“All work and no play make Jack a dully boy and Jill a dull girl”
A community is a collection of people who share some attribute
of their lives and interact with each other in some way (Koiser, 2008).
As identified by Anderson and Mc Farlane (2004), a community has
eight subsystems in which each has its own purpose in helping develop
a holistic community. One of the eight subsystems discussed is
recreation.
Recreation is an expenditure of time in a manner designed for
therapeutic refreshment of one’s body or mind (www.answers.com). It
can be a form of organized activity of the local government or for
other profit enterprises such us pools, parks, playgrounds, sports
facilities, and other recreational facilities inside and outside of the
community. Furthermore, it can also be classified as any physical
activity engaged by any member of the community or level of
participation in different organizations in church programs, social
committees, clubs, etc. The different activities of recreation enhances
ones interpersonal and intrapersonal skills.
Recreation in any community is a necessity and is a major part in
creating ones quality of life (http://chelsearecreation.countmein.com/).
In order for an individual to achieve a holistic growth and development,

202
he or she must not only focus in one aspect of himself or herself rather
it covers the whole aspect of himself physically, mentally, socially,
spiritually, etc. Recreation provides individuals in the community to
grow physically and mentally because it gives individuals a chance to
discover themselves and be able to engage in activities in their
community. Furthermore, it is a means of having a participation of
oneself in the community and a rest from the usual work activities one
has.
Recreation is a form of socialization; it gives way to develop
one’s relationship with his or her own love ones and also with other
people. Socializing implies being a team player making you feel as
being part of the community. (Oak, 2008). Every day we get to
socialize with other people may it be in our homes, workplaces, church,
etc. And this involves different activities in which strengthens our bond
and relationship with other people and ourselves as well.
Pontevedra is a municipality found in Negros Occidental which is
composed of 20 barangays. In this study, the researchers focused only
on the adopted community in Pontevedra which is Barangay Canroma.
Presently, based on the LGUstatwatch of Pontevedra as of February
2008, there are different recreational activities and facilities which
cater to recreational needs of the community in Pontevedra. One public
library is available in the municipal proper which can be used by
community for reading books, entertainment and means of information

203
for the community. Furthermore, a plaza and a sports center can also
be found here which caters to the different recreational needs of the
community. In addition, based on the data gathered by the
researchers from the respondents, the researchers were able to found
out that are also different recreational facilities found in Barangay
Canoma such as the playgrounds, basketball courts, internet café, etc.
The researchers aim to identify and evaluate the different
recreational facilities and activities present in Barangay Canroma. The
researchers were able to gather vital data on the views of the people
residing in Barangay Canroma regarding their recreational facilities and
activities. There were 44 households which were surveyed in order to
obtain the data needed for this research. This section presents the
findings based on the gathered data and their implications.
Residents’ Joining an Organization in

Table 99
Member of Frequen Percenta
an cy ge
organizati
on
Yes 18 40.91%
No 26 59.09%
TOTAL 44 100%
204
Interpretation:
Table 99 shows the number of households in Barangay Canroma who
are members and non-members of an organization present in their
community. The table shows that there are 18 or 41% of the respondents who
are involved in an organization and 25 or 59% of the respondents are not
involved in any organization in the community. This implies that only a few
take time to join activities present in their community.
Organizations Residents are joining in

Table 100
Organization Frequenc Percenta
y ge
Church 4 22%
Senior Citizen 2 11%
School Organization 1 6%
Barangay Projects 6 33%
Women’s 1 6%
Committee 1 6%
San LAKAS 2 11%
Local Government 1 6%
TOTAL 18 100%
205
Figure 100
Interpretation:
Table 100 shows that there are only 18 respondents who are highly
active in different organization in their community. It also shows the
subdivision of the different organizations present in Barangay Canroma which
were mentioned by the 18 respondents. From the 18 respondents, 6 or 33%
are active in Barangay Projects, 1 o 6% is a member of a Women’s
Organization, 4 or 22% are involved in their respective Church programs, 2 or
11% are members of the Senior Citizen organization and SANLAKAS, and 1 or
6% each is engaged in school organization, part of a committee, and local
government organization. Thus, there are a few people who take time to join
organizations for their community.
Positions of Residents in their Respective Organization in

Table 101
206
Position Frequency Percentage

Member 11 61%
Officer 1 6%
President 2 11%
Business Manager 1 5%
Secretary 1 6%
Kagawad 1 5%
Care Widow 1 6%
TOTAL 18 100%
Figure 101
Interpretation:
Table 101 shows the different positions held by the 18 respondents
who are involved in an organization present in their community. Out of the 18
respondents 12 or 61% are members of an organization, 2 or 11% held the
position as the president of the organization, 1 or 6%works as a business
manager, 1 or another 6% acts as a secretary of the organization, an active
kagawad in their community, an officer of the organization and a care widow

207
member in their Church. Thus, those who joined are active members of the
community organization due to the positions that they are in.
Recreational Facilities Present in

Table 102
Recreational activities Frequency Percentage
and Facilities
Basketball court 44 28%
Internet café 7 5%
Cockfighting 36 23%
Videoke house 37 24%
Playground 31 20%
Figure 102
Interpretation:
Table 102 shows the different recreational activities and facilities
present in Barangay Canroma which are engaged in by the people. In the

208
table it shows that 44 respondents agreed that there is a basketball court
present in their community (28%). Only 7 (5%) said that there is an available
internet café in their community. 36 respondents (23%) who engaged in
cockfighting activities in the community. 37 respondents (24%)had
recognized the presence of videoke house in their community. Lastly, 31
respondents (20%) claimed that there is a playground available for
community use.
Recreational Facilities in every Household in

Table 103
Facilities Frequency Percentage
Radio 30 25%
Television 36 30%
Cassette 18 15%
Gas-electric 10 8%
stove
Refrigerator 18 15%
Sewing 9 7%
Machine
Figure 103
209
Interpretation:
Shown in Figure 103 are the facilities present at home that can be
recreational to the clients. 36 respondents or 30% say that they have a
television at home. 30 or 25% said that they have a radio at home and 18 or
15% responded that they have a cassette and a refrigerator in their homes.
Only 10 or 8% said they have gas-electric stove and 9 only or 7% have
sewing machines. Thus, we can say that each household have sufficient
recreational facilities to accommodate their leisure time.
Summary of Findings
From the researchers collected data of the 44 respondents of Purok Punong,
Barangay Canroma, it shows that:
o Only 18 out of 44 or 41% of the respondents take time in joining the
activities present in their community.
o As pointed out by the respondents there are various organizations present
and joined in their community namely their own Church organization,
Senior Citizen Organization, School Organization, Barangay Projects,
Women’s Organization, Committee, San Lakas organization, and Local
Government organization. Out of the 18 respondents who are joining
organizations present in their community, around 6 or 33% of the
respondents join in Barangay projects and only 1 or 6% of the respondents
joined the local government organization, women’s organization and
school organization.
o Respondents who joined in the activities of their community have different
roles portrayed in their respective organizations. Out of the 18

210
respondents, 12 or 61% are active members of their own organization and
others play roles as a president, Officer, Business Manager, Secretary,
Kagawad, and Care Widow.
o “Recreation is a form of socialization; it gives way to develop one’s
relationship…with people (Oak, 2008).” One way to be informed and be
able to interact with other people is by joining different groups and
activities. As the researchers found out only a few take time in joining
activities present in the community, this implies that the respondents are
not much aware of the activities going on in their community. The low
number of respondents joining in various activities in the community
shows that there are some problems present in the community which lead
to the choice of the respondents not to join the activities in the
community.
o As identified by the respondents, there are different recreational activities
and facilities that are present in their community such as the basketball
court, internet café, cockfighting activities, videoke house, and a
playground. 44 or 28% of the respondents are aware of having a
basketball court in their community. And only around 7 or 5% of the
respondents knew about the presence of internet café in their community.
Furthermore, the respondents pointed out the different recreational
facilities found in their own respective homes such as radio, television,
cassette, gas-electric stove, refrigerator, and sewing machine. It showed
that the most used recreational facility in their homes is the television; 36
or 30% of the respondents enjoy watching television in their homes.

211
Meanwhile, only a few use sewing machines in their homes, there are only
around 9 or 7% of the respondents have sewing machines in their homes.
Conclusion
Recreation subsystem focuses mainly on the recreational
activities and facilities found in the community. Basing from the data
gathered and interpreted, it can be concluded that there are only a few
who engage in organizations formulated by both the public and private
sectors because of the lack of information dissemination and programs
to offer applicable to the people of the community. Furthermore, the
facilities found in their community and homes are sufficient enough to
cater to the recreational needs of the community. However, the
community must not restrict themselves only with these recreational
activities and facilities; there is always room for improvement.
Improvement of the recreational facilities and new and revised
recreational activities are highly promoted in order to further involve
the community in various activities rather than staying at home.
Recommendation
The following are the recommendations based on the summary of findings:
o In order for the people to be actively involved and aware of the
happenings in their community; the local government, public and private
sectors involved in Barangay Canroma must take effort in making
activities and facilities for the community.

212
o So that there would be a great involvement among the people of
Barangay Canroma, an improvement of disseminating the information
regarding the current activities found in their community must be highly
promoted.
o To further suffice the recreational needs of Barangay Canroma, the
researchers recommend that the local government should provide more
recreational activities for the community.
o To promote community participation, the researchers recommend that the
local government should make programs applicable for Barangay
Canroma such as sportsfest, community games, other projects, etc. so
that the people of Barangay Canroma will be highly active in the
responding activities.
213
214
Appendix A: Worksheet C
( 6 pages)
215
216
217
218
219
Appendix B : Supplementary Questionnaire
Client’s Name: ___________________________________________________________
Address: ________________________________________________________________
Physical Environment
What is your house made of?
___Nipa
___Wood
___Stone
___Cement
How many times does the house need repairs?
Is the repair done right away? ___
Education
How far is your home to the nearest school?
Safety and Transportation
What modes of transportation are you using?
___Tricycle
___Taxi
___Public Jeepney
___Trisikad
___Bicycle
___Motorcycle
___Private Vehicle
Is there a garbage collection in the Barangay?

220
If yes, how many times per week? ________________
If no, how do you dispose your garbage? ________________
Is there a curfew implemented? __________
If Yes? What Time? _________________
Is it followed by the minors? ___________
Does the City Safety (Department like Police and Fire Station) respond readily
in emergency cases?
___________
Are there ready public transportations at night?____________
If Yes? Until what time do they operate?________________
Politics and Government
Are you aware of your vBarangay Official? (Pls enumerate)
(Interviewer Rate their client’s knowledge)
___Very Knowlegeable (Knows All)
___Knowledgeable (Knows Almost All)
___Fair (Knows A Few)
___Unaware (Does not know)
What free services offered by the local government that you are able to avail?
________________________________________________________________
Health and Social Services
Are the health programs of the Municipality/Barangay regularly
followed/implemented to the people?
________________
Communication
221
Do you use the following?
___Internet (E-mail, Chat)
___Two-way Radio
___Cellphone
___Telephone
___Postal Services
___Newspaper
___Television
___Radio
Recreation
Are the following present in the community?
___Basketball Court
___Internet Café/Internet
___Sabong/Cockfighting
___Videoke
___Television (in Household)
___Playground
What churches are present in the community?
___Catholic
___Protestant
___Muslim
___Others (Pls. Specify________)
Appendix C : Culminating Activity Invitation

222
Appendix D : Documentation
1st Visit
223
On our first visit, everyone was excited as they prepared themselves and
entered into the bus awaiting an hour-long journey. Upon arrival, a black
parasol parade marched into unfamiliar ground as everyone was introduced
to his or her families. Some were eager while some were nervous;
nevertheless everyone was very excited. It was only after a long day that
everyone became well and acquainted with their families.
Core
224
Many of the residents we met in the community were middle or late-middle
aged people. Most of the time, the children were either in school or
elsewhere. It’s not clear as to which age group dominated but it was clear
that most had children. As for earnings, most only had what they need to get
by.
Physical Environment
225
226
The physical environment is mostly filled with vegetation. A long road goes
through the area, which is then surrounded, by the houses. It’s simple but in
a way refreshing place for there isn’t much garbage in the area. It’s a bit
surprising how much the place seems so friendly with only a few homes that
have fences.
Health and Social Services

227
The Health center provides the necessary services the residents’ need. The
location isn’t too far off but it is still ways away from the community. Many
228
people come and go here which proves that this center is effective in its
work. The atmosphere is quite good too.
Economics
229
Most of the economy is derived from livestock. They have stores and stands
too but almost every home seems to have domesticated animals. They also
delve in farming grains. There isn’t a place where you go that doesn’t have a
chicken or two.
Education
230
They have plenty of schools actually, all filled with bright and inviting colors.
Education here is just enough for the students to go by. Location also isn’t an
issue because there are schools in different locations of the town. Looks like
the kids won’t be able to escape learning here.
Recreation
231
The park is nice with a good wide range. The kids have much to play with a
pro-active playground. Other recreations (especially the parents and elders)
involve religion. God is close the kids are free is what could be said of it.
Communication
232
One of the means of communication outside here is through telegram. There
aren’t any close-by computer areas and not many know how to use a
233
computer so e-mail is out of the question. The residents get by pretty well
though. Some have said that writing letters have more meaning.
Safety and Transportation
The transportation office offers the services needed for those who wish to
attain their license. The police also have a good saying, which inspires the
234
people to respect them for their services in return. They also have a
sanitation unit to keep the environment safe and healthy. Some areas aren’t
reached though because of limited resources.
Politics and Government

235
236
The town hall seems impressive enough but what about the politicians? They
may have done a good job considering the condition of the town. There are
still some areas requiring improvement though but can be reversed with a
little effort. Hopefully they listen to the residents of the community.
Food Given
237
In gratitude for the work we’ve done, most of the families have given gifts.
Fruits and root crops are the majority. Everyone was well fed getting home
while others are just thankful for the present. The sugar cane was really good
but there was really a lot.
Supervised Bag Technique

238
This was when everyone called their families to practice their community
work while at the same time offering health services to their families. It
239
wasn’t all too hard if one remembers all they have learned by heart. It took a
while but eventually was finished. So far no nothing seemed out if place.
Health Teaching
The families were all taught what they needed in order to keep healthy. From
the simple washing of hands to the complete care of the body, everyone was
taught or reminded what they needed to learn. It was fun in a way although
those who already knew felt much skepticism. They understand though that it
is what we have to do.

240
Alay Linis
241
242
Pick up your brooms and pack your garbage bags, it’s going to be another
long day! That was how it felt to some but if they look to the bright side there
wasn’t much to clean to begin with. Rotted leaves and twigs pretty much
littered the area. The only real work was finding stuff to put in the garbage
bag.
Herbal Planting
243
Many herbs were planted and left to grow. The residents were taught of the
many uses along with the variety of herbs brought in. There was trouble of
finding a good spot to put it in but it was manageable. They were grateful and
some even used them after we came back the week after.
Culmination Activity
Mental Feeding Mother’s Class
244
Games and Presentations
The last day was filled with laughs and farewells. It was a day to enjoy with
everyone as they participated in the games and learned new things through the
presentations. It was sad for some because of the goodbyes but it was also a fresh
new start. May we meet again dear families.
Bibliography
I. Books
Kozier, Barbara & Erb, Glenora. Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process
and Practice.8th edition. 2007. Pearson Education, South Asia Pte Ltd.
Public Health Nursing in the Philippines. 10th edition 2007. National League of
Philippine Government Nurses, Incorporated.
II. Internet Sources

245
Landauer, Jeff & Rowlands, Joseph. 2001. 19 March 2009.
<http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Politics_NecessityOfGovernment.ht
ml>
Landauer, Jeff & Rowlands, Joseph. 2001. 19 March 2009. <
<http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com/Politics_Main.html>
Tordesillas, Gloria. “Botika ng Bayan sells cheaper drugs.” PITC. 19 March
2007.18 Mar 2009 <http://www.pitc.gov.ph/archives/cheaper_drugs.html>
Congress of the Philippines, Twelfth Congress, First Regular Session. 2004. 16
Mar 2009. <www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2002/ra_9165_2002.html>
Importance Of Philosophy. 2001. 19 March 2009
<http://www.importanceofphilosophy.com>
Philippine Herbal Medicine. 2009.18 March 2009.
<http://www.philippineherbalmedicine.org/doh_herbs.htm>
Population and Family Planning: Laws, Policies and Regulations. 1997. 16 Mar
2009<http://www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/database/poplaws/law_phi
/phi_046.htm>
Recreation. 2009.18 March 2009. <www.wikipedia.com>
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8294. 2000. 16 Mar 2009.

246
<http://www.pctc.gov.ph/initiatv/RA8294.htm >
Republic of the Philippines. 2005. 16 Mar 2009.
<http://www.ops.gov.ph/records/ra_no9287.htm>
REPUBLIC ACT No. 7610. 1996. 16 Mar 2009.
<http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1992/ra_7610_1992.html>
World Health Organization. 2003. 18 Mar 2009
<http://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf >.
<http:// chelsearecreation.countmein.com>
<http:// wyoparks.state.wy.us>
247
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1

As one family we choose to be better and “B” the Best.

BN2B Class Mayor

was assigned to Barangay Canroma as our adopted community. Through our

community skills, and interact with.

requirements, it also brought us closer to our community. The memories we

warm conversations with our clients; “therapeutic communication”, as we

would call it although in general, it was therapeutic on our part too.

Our exposure is truly a great experience and as a class, we are looking

as future nurses, made us a member of their community, and most of all,

made us a part of their family.

make and to the support, thank you.

Lastly, to our three beautiful, intelligent and considerate Clinical Instructors,

constant considerations will always be remembered. We would not be where

Foreword : A Message From the Class Mayor..................................... .......2

Spot Map............................................................................... .................................12

Group Profiles............................................................................................. ...........13

Components of the Community : Core..................................... ...............16

Each of the members in group 2 has their own unique color or

Being exposed in a community in different places here in Bacolod,

them to prevent diseases. And for the group, it is a great privilege to do

COMPONENTS OF THE COMMUNITY

Among the components of the community, the Core component comprises

any community. The Core is basically composed of the demographic characteristics

sailboat as the primary means of transportation so that anything separated by the

blessings and help. The beliefs on underworld characters such as “aswang”,

“kapre”, “tamawo”, “tayho”, “amamanhig”, “bagat”, “hubot”, “dwende”, “kalag”,

telling) by the gifted or village elders.

had different ethnic languages that compounded their problem on integration as

“Pontevedra” in loving remembrance of its namesake in Spain.

Having established a foothold in Buglas and Pontevedra, Spain proceeded to

1856 a Spanish decree finally established the pueblo of Pontevedra, as it used to be

part of Ginigaran (now the Municipality of Hinigaran to the South). The

establishment of pueblo Pontevedra was endorsed by the Bishop of Cebu.

The first “cabeza” or head of the community in Pontevedra was Cirilo

September 3, 1870 made possible by virtue of another Spanish decree and

more than 100 years of ownership by the local government of Pontevedra).

until Father Ferrero built the first church.

he figured prominently in organizing the people thereby establishing his influence

Pontevedra were the Camposes.

made of kamagong or borlas with carvings as a symbol of authority.

known as “hacienderos” whose lands were planted to sugarcane. A hacienda then

On January 21, 1901, the Municipality of Pontevedra came into being by

was declared a part of the American Commonwealth of nations where Manuel L.

Geanga and Emilio Magsusi.

harbour in Hawaii. The Japanese appointed Andres Covacha mayor of Pontevedra,

of Free Pontevedra under Alfredo Montelibano, Sr. of the Philippine Civil

Government, an ally of the Americans. They established their sear of government in

In 1941 the Commonwealth was abruptly abolished and changed into a

notwithstanding the “boys” ‘ lack of proper military training, armaments and

Filipinos and Americans, and starting in 1945, a succession of mayors of Pontevedra

Cojuangco and Alonso, Pontevedra’s political landscape dramatically changed

dislodging the traditional politicians.

municipality and people.

The only remaining dialect which reminds every Pontevedrahanon of his or

significant as the local history itself.

Population Density of Barangay Canroma

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of

Gender Characteristics of Families in

Barangay Canroma, Pontevedra, Neg. Occ.