Pkyhz DH Nklrka: Fouksn Oqqekj

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pkyhZ dh nkLrka

fouksn oqQekj

Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr

uo tuokpu vkanksyu
bl fdrkc dk izdk'ku Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr us
^lj nksjkcth VkVk VLV* ds lg;ksx ls fd;k gSA
bl vkanksyu dk edln vke turk esa
iBu&ikBu laLfr fodflr djuk gSA

pkyhZZ dh nkLrka
fouksn oqQekj

iqLrdekyk laiknd
rkiks'k porhZ

dkWih laiknd

Charlie Ki Dastan
Vinod Kumar

Series Editor
Taposh Chakravorty

Copy Editor

jk/s';ke eaxksyiqjh

Radheshyam Mangolpuri

doj ,oa xzkfiQDl

Cover and Graphics

txeksgu

izFke laLdj.k

Jagmohan

First Edition

flrEcj] 2007

September, 2007

lg;ksx jkf'k

Contribution

20 #i;s

eq.k
lu 'kkbu vkWiQlsV
ubZ fnYyh & 110 018

Rs. 20

Printing
Sun Shine Offset
New Delhi - 110 018

Publication and Distribution


Bharat Gyan Vigyan Samiti
Basement of Y.W.A. Hostel No. II, G-Block, Saket , New Delhi - 110 017
Phone : 011 - 26569943, Fax : 91 - 011 - 26569773
Email : [email protected], [email protected]
website: www. bgvs.org
BGVS SEPTEMBER 2007 2K 2000 NJVA 0060/2007

ge ys[kdksa osQ fopkjksa dh Lora=krk esa fo'okl djrs gSa] lgefr@vlgefr vyx ckr gSA

pkyhZ dh nkLrka

Hkkjr Kku foKku lfefr

pkyhZ dh nkLrka
,d nq[kh] mnkl cPpk
,d fnu lkjh nqfu;k dks
galk&galkdj yksViksV dj nsrk gS
oks osQoy galkrk gh ugha]
gaalkrs&galkrs #ykrk Hkh gS--oks cksyrk ugha ysfdu
mldh pqIih] mldk pyuk] mldk fxjuk&eqM+uk]
mldh rsth lc oqQN c;ka dj tkrs gaSA
mldh vka[ksa cksyrh gSa --- muesa izse gS]
xqLlk] nq[k vkSj =kklnh gSA
oks mEehn vkSj papyrk dk fprsjk gS]
izfrjks/ vkSj la?k"kZ gh mldk thou&lans'k gS---A
mldk vnuk&lk 'kjhj flusek osQ lalkj dk ,slk vkbZuk gS tks
'kk;n dHkh /qa/yk u gksA og vkSj dksbZ ugha] nqfu;k osQ egkure
vfHkusrk vkSj fiQYe&funsZ'kd pkyhZ pSfIyu Fks] ftudk iwjk thou
nqfu;k dks galh vkSj vk'kk nsus esa chrkA pkYlZ Lisalj pSfIyu dk
tUe foDVksfj;k dky osQ yanu osQ bZLV ysu bykosQ esa ,d xjhc
ifjokj esa 16 vizSy 1889 dks gqvkA os viuh ekrk gkuk vkSj firk

pkYlZ dh nwljh larku FksA pSfIyu osQ cM+s HkkbZ flMuh FksA pSfIyu
osQ ekrk&firk fFk;sVjksa esa xkuk xkdj viuk thou&;kiu djrs FksA
fczVsu osQ bfrgkl esa ;g ,slk dky Fkk tc egkjkuh foDVksfj;k dh
frtksfj;ka /u&laink ls Hkjh iM+h FkhaA og le` rFkk 'kfDr'kkyh FkhaA
ywV ij fVdk mudk lkezkT; nqfu;k Hkj esa iSQyk FkkA

cpiu dh =kklnh
nqfu;k Hkj ls ywV&ywVdj tek dh xbZ vlhe laink osQ
ckotwn fczVsu esa Hkh"k.k xjhch osQ gkykr FksA /uokuksa dks bu xjhcksa
dh fcYoqQy fiQ u FkhA ,sls gh dky esa viuh eka gkuk osQ lkFk
yanu dh lM+dksa ij ?kwers gq, cpiu esa gh pkyhZ us vius pkjksa vksj
?kksj nfjnzrk ns[kh v/uaxs cPps] fHk[kkjh] Hkq[kejh dk vkyeA
pkyhZ us ;g lc ns[kk gh ugha] Hkksxk HkhA fd'kksjkoLFkk esa mlus
cslgkjkiu] Hkq[kejh] eka dh chekjh vkSj vius 'kjkch firk dks >sykA
og Bksdjksa ij Bksdjsa [kkrk jgkA pkyhZ osQ ekrk&firk osQ chp tc
oSokfgd laca/ [kRe gq, ml le; og egt lk<s+ rhu o"kZ dk uUgk
ckyd FkkA ,sls esa nksuksa cPpksa dks ikyus&ikslus dh iwjh ftEesnkjh
vosQys gkuk ij vk xbZ FkhA =kklnhiw.kZ gkykr osQ ckotwn gkuk cPpksa
dks cgqr Lusg djrh FkhA
dHkh&dHkh gkuk cgqr fujk'kk vkSj xqLls esa gksrh rks dgrh]
rqe Hkh vius cki dh rjg xVj esa gh fxjdj [kRe gksxsA ysfdu
mlus vius cPpksa dks ftUnk j[kus osQ fy, tks cu iM+k] og fd;kA
ckn esa og chekj jgus yxhA mldk fpM+fpM+kiu mls cngoklh dh
vksj ys tk jgk FkkA

,d dykdkj dk tUe
pkyhZ 5 o"kZ dk gks pqdk FkkA og viuh eka osQ lkFk vdlj
fFk,Vj tkrk FkkA ,d fnu xkrs&xkrs gkuk dh vkokt [kjkc gks xbZA
LVst osQ ihNs gkuk vkSj eSustj esa cgl tkjh FkhA ;g lc ns[kdj
og nksuksa osQ ikl x;kA eSustj us pkyhZ dks LVst ij tkus osQ fy,

dgkA mlus dbZ ckj pkyhZ dks vius


nksLrksa osQ chp djrc djrs gq,
ns[kk FkkA dkiQh ftn osQ ckn pkyhZ
dks LVst ij tkuk gh iM+kA gkuk Mj
xbZ] og lkspus yxh esjk I;kjk
vcks/ pkyhZ bl mxz HkhM+ dks oSQls >sy ik,xk\ eSustj pkyhZ dks
LVst ij vosQyk gh NksM+ vk;kA pkyhZ us tSd tksUl xkuk 'kq:
fd;kA xkuk vHkh vk/k gh gqvk Fkk fd LVst ij iSls dh ckSNkj 'kq:
gks xbZA pkyhZ us xkuk jksdrs gq, dgk fd igys eSa iSls mBkmaQxk rc
xkmaQxkA bl ckr ij gkWy galh osQ Bgkdksa ls xwat mBkA fiQj pkyhZ
ukpk] eka dh udy mrkjhA bl ij nsj rd iwjk gkWy galh osQ Bgkdksa
ls xwatrk jgkA dbZ yksxksa us gkuk ls gkFk feykdj pkyhZ dh rkjhiQ
dhA pkyhZ dk dykdkj osQ :i esa ;g u;k tUe FkkA mldk igyk
'kks eka dk vfUre 'kks lkfcr gqvkA gkuk dh vkokt nqckjk okil
ugha ykSVhA og diM+s flyus yxhA flMuh v[kckj csprk FkkA fdlh
rjg ftanxh py jgh FkhA

LowQy esa nkf[kyk


7 lky dh mez esa pkyhZ vkSj mlosQ cM+s HkkbZ flMuh dks xjhcksa
osQ LowQy gkuosy esa nkf[kyk feykA nks o"kZ osQ vUnj gh pkyhZ dh
i<+kbZ NwV xbZA blh chp gkuk cgqr T;knk chekj gks xbZA mls
ikxy&[kkus esa HkrhZ gksuk iM+kA bl rjg mrkj&p<+ko Hkjh =kkln
ftanxh pyrh jghA pkyhZ 'kjkc[kkus esa iwQy cspus yxkA ;g dke
vPNk pyus yxkA ,d fnu eka gkuk us mls 'kjkc[kkus ls ckgj
fudyrs ns[k fy;kA mls ;g cnkZ'r ugha gqvk fd mldk csVk
'kjkc[kkus esa iwQy cspsA gkuk us xqLlk gksrs gq, pkyhZ ls dgk] 'kjkc
us rqEgkjs cki dh tku ys yhA vc ml 'kjkc[kkus ls dek, iSls ls
gekjs fnu Bhd gksaxs] ;g ugha pysxkA blosQ ckn pkgs ftruh
raxgkyh jgh gks] gkuk us dHkh mls iwQy ugha cspus fn,A eka osQ
thou] mlosQ la?k"kZ djus dh {kerk vkSj ifo=krk dk vlj pkyhZ

osQ cpiu osQ fnyks&fnekx ij xgjkbZ ls iM+kA cM+s gksus ij pkyhZ us


,d ckj dgk] eSa vkt tks oqQN Hkh gwa] fliZQ viuh eka dh
cnkSyrA

ukVdksa dh nqfu;k esa izos'k


pkyhZ dk thou =kklnhiw.kZ t:j Fkk] ysfdu og gjne [kq'k
jgus dh dksf'k'k djrkA og 'kk;n xjhch osQ lkekftd vFkZ dks
le>us yxk FkkA og tkurk Fkk fd tks lcls xjhc yksx gSa] os Hkh
jfookj osQ fnu vius ?kj ij idk gqvk [kkuk [kkrs gSaA xks'r ,slh
oLrq Fkk tks xjhc dks vehj ls vyx djrk FkkA jfookj dks tks
vius ?kj ugha [kk ldrs Fks] mUgsa nfjnzksa osQ oxZ esa j[kk tkrk FkkA
pkyhZ Hkh blh oxZ dk fgLlk FkkA mls viuh ;g nfjnzrk cgqr
'keZukd yxrh FkhA bl lcosQ ckotwn og vkxs c<+rk jgkA mlus
ukVd dh nqfu;k esa vkSipkfjd :i ls izos'k fd;kA bl le; og
djhc 14 o"kZ dk Fkk A fte % , jksekal vkWiQ dkosQu ukVd esa
mlus igyh ckj lSe dk fdjnkj fuHkk;k A
27 tqykbZ 1903 dks yanu esa 'kykZd gksEl osQ ukVd esa pkyhZ
us cSy Cok; dk fdjnkj fuHkk;kA bl fdjnkj osQ gj ,d Mk;ykWx
ij rkfy;ka cthaA bl ukVd esa pkyhZ osQ vfHku; dh rkjhiQ djrs
gq, yanu VkWfidy VkbEl dh leh{kk esa fy[kk Fkk] yM+osQ dk
uke igys rks dHkh ugha lquk x;k] ij Hkfo"; esa ;g yM+dk t:j
egku miyfC/;ka gkfly djsxkA ukVd dh fjglZy vkSj 'kks pyrs
jgsA eka gkuk vLirky esa HkrhZ FkhA chp&chp esa pkyhZ vius cM+s
HkkbZ flMuh osQ lkFk eka dks ns[kus vLirky tkrkA ge pkyhZ vkSj
flMuh dh mez esa lkspdj ns[ksa fd os vcks/ ckyd =kklfn;ksa ls
yM+rs gq, fdl vkRefo'okl ls vkxs c<+ jgs FksA

HkkbZ osQ lkFk laca/


blh chp pkyhZ vkSj flMuh dks jkstxkj osQ fy, vyx&vyx
jguk iM+kA flMuh izk;% pkyhZ dks i=k fy[krkA flMuh osQ ,d i=k

us mls >d>ksj fn;k! flMuh


us fy[kk& tc ls eka chekj
gqbZ] nqfu;k esa ge nksukssa dks
fliZQ ,d&nwljs dk gh lgkjk
gSA rqe eq>s cjkcj [kr fy[kk
djks rkfd eq>s ;g eglwl gksrk
jgs fd gka] esjk Hkh ,d HkkbZ gSA pkyhZ us bl i=k dk tokc cgqr
Hkkoqdrkiw.kZ <ax ls fn;kA flMuh pkyhZ dks cpiu esa esjk csVk
dgdj iqdkjrk FkkA nksuksa osQ chp xgjk laca/ Fkk] tks thouHkj
dk;e jgkA

vesfjdk dh vksj dne


1910 dh ,d lqcg vius lks jgs HkkbZ flMuh osQ ikl ,d
iphZ j[kdj (ftlesa fy[kk Fkk& vesfjdk jokuk gks jgk gwa] [kr
fy[krk jgawxk& pkyhZ) pkyhZ izsQM dkuksZ osQ lkFk vesfjdk dh vksj
py iM+kA djhc 14 fnuksa osQ liQj osQ ckn pkyhZ U;w;kWoZQ 'kgj esa
FkkA ;g jrkj dk 'kgj FkkA ;g O;kikj dk 'kgj FkkA pkjksa rjiQ
maQph&maQph bekjrsa FkhaA ysfdu ;g lc gksus dk eryc ;g ugha Fkk
fd ;gka lc oqQN vPNk FkkA ;gka lk/kj.k yksxksa osQ fy, dksbZ txg
ugha FkhA os gj xyh vkSj lM+oQ osQ fdukjs ukmEehnh esa th jgs FksA
;gha ,d rax] va/sjh] xanh cLrh esa pkyhZ us ,d dejk ys fy;kA
rdjhcu 21 ekg rd pkyhZ dkuksZ dh oaQiuh osQ lkFk vesfjdk esa
jgsA dbZ ukVdksa osQ mrkj&p<+ko Hkjs izn'kZuksa osQ ckn os yanu okil
ykSVsA oqQy feykdj ;g nkSjk Bhd&Bkd gh jgkA

izse vkSj oSokfgd thou osQ mrkj&p<+ko


1914 rd vkrs&vkrs pkyhZ 25 lky osQ gks pqosQ FksA ysfdu
muosQ thou esa dksbZ izsfedk ugha FkhA mUgsa vius dke esa rks
liQyrk,a fey jgh Fkha] ysfdu muosQ thou esa dksbZ nwtk ugha Fkk
ftlosQ lkFk os nks iy lqowQu ls viuh ftanxh osQ lq[k&nq[k ckaV

losaQA igys&igy mudh eqykdkr iSxh fi;lZ ls gqbZA muesa esytksy


c<+rk x;kA pkyhZ dks yxk fd og muls I;kj djrh gSA ntZuksa ckj
pkyhZ us viuh vksj ls izse dk btgkj fd;k] ij iSxh ges'kk pqi
jghA ckj&ckj I;kj dk btgkj djrs&djrs og Fkd x,A oSls Hkh
I;kj osQ ekeys esa os ges'kk ladksph FksA
blh chp pkyhZ osQ thou esa mudh gh fiQYe dh ukf;dk
,Muk ifoZ,al dk vkxkt gqvkA ,Muk cgqr lqUnj gh ugha] cgqr
cqfeku Hkh FkhA ,Muk pkyhZ osQ gj iy dk cgqr lathnxh ls [;ky
j[krh Fkh] ysfdu vkil dh oqQN xyriQgfe;ksa dh otg ls ;g
I;kj Hkh ijoku ugha p<+ ldkA
1918 esa 29 lky dh mez esa feYMsM gSfjM osQ lkFk pkyhZ
fookg&ca/u esa ca/sA ysfdu nks lky chrrs&chrrs feYMsM vkSj
pkyhZ dk rykd gks x;kA bldh ,d cM+h otg pkyhZ ij vius
dke dk Hkkjh cks> FkkA os dke osQ brus ncko esa Fks fd feYMsM
osQ I;kj ls nwj gksrs x,A
1924 esa pkyhZ osQ thou esa fyVkxzs uke dh ,d vkSj yM+dh
vkbZA nksuksa us fookg fd;kA bl chp nks csVksa (pkYlZ Lisalj twfu;j
vkSj flMuh vyZ pSfIyu) dk tUe gqvkA futh ftanxh dk ,d vkSj
=kkln varA 1927 esa nksuksa osQ chp rykd gks x;kA 1936 esa ,d
ckj fiQj iksysaV xksMsMZ ls pkyhZ us fookg fd;kA bl laca/ dk var
Hkh 1942 esa gks x;kA
dbZ lkjh futh vkSj lkekftd dfBukb;ksa osQ chp 1942 esa
mudh eqykdkr mQuk uke dh ,d ,slh yM+dh ls gqbZ tks egt lk<s+
lrjg lky dh FkhA mQuk izfl vesfjdh ukVddkj ;wthu vks uhy
dh csVh FkhA mQuk osQ psgjs dh ped] lkSE;rk vkSj 'kehZykiu mls
vyx igpku nsrs FksA os nksuksa ,d&nwljs dks csbargk I;kj djus yxsA
mQuk osQ firk }kjk Hkkjh fojks/ fd, tkus osQ ckotwn 18 o"kZ dh mez
iwjh gksus ij mQuk vkSj 54 o"kZ osQ pkyhZ osQ chp vUrr% fookg gks

10

x;kA pkyhZ vkSj mQuk us 34 lky


rd lq[kn oSokfgd thou xqtkjkA
bl chp nksuksa osQ vkB cPps gq,A
oqQy feykdj pkyhZ dh futh ftanxh
esa I;kj] fookg o rykd vge
fgLlk cus jgsA ,slk Hkh ugha Fkk fd
bl lcosQ fy, osQoy pkyhZ gh
ftEesnkj FksA rykd osQ izeq[k dkj.kksa
esa pkyhZ dk vius dke dh vis{kk
oSokfgd laca/ ij de ;ku nsuk
FkkA lkFk gh os ftruk izfl vkSj /uoku Fks] mlls dgha T;knk os
Hkksys&Hkkys balku FksA bl otg ls Hkh muosQ thou esa tks (mQuk dks
NksM+dj) vk;k] mldh oqQN vyx gh egRokdka{kk,a FkhaA

,d vyx Nfo
vesfjdk dh vksj nqckjk #[k djus osQ nkSjku pkyhZ us viuh
,d vyx Nfo x<+us dk eu cuk;kA og ,d vnuk&lk balku FkkA
u rks mldk psgjk laqnj Fkk] u gh og MhyMkSy&Hkjh dn&dkBh dk
ekfyd FkkA og vius fy, pqurk gS ,d gSV] ,d dlk gqvk dksV]
cM+s lkbt dh ,d <hyh&<kyh irywu] cM+s&cM+s twrs vkSj gkFk esa
,d NM+hA lc feykdj pkyhZ ,d vthcksxjhc Nfo osQ lkFk lcosQ
lkeus FkkA mls 'kk;n ;g Nfo x<+rs oDr ekywe ugha jgk gksxk fd
mldk ;g :i mls ,d fnu nqfu;k Hkj esa vfoLej.kh; vkSj
fo[;kr dj nsxkA mldh bl Nfo esa laosnuk Hkh Fkh vkSj ekuoh;rk
HkhA mldh Nfo ,d rst&rjkZj] vYgM+] I;kjs vkSj eklwe balku dh
FkhA ;g balku nj&nj dh Bksdjsa [kkrs gq, viuh xfjek dks cukus osQ
fy, lkgliwoZd la?k"kZ djrs gq, vkxs c<+rk gSA

fiQYeksa dh vksj dne


o"kZ 1913 esa ,d ckj fiQj U;w;kWoZQ dk liQjA bl ckj pkyhZ

11

T;knk vk'kkoku gh ugha Fks] cfYd muosQ fnekx esa dbZ lkjh ;kstuk,a
Hkh FkhaA U;w;kWoZQ igqapdj pkyhZ gkyhoqM dh dhLVksu fiQYe oaQiuh
osQ lEidZ esa vk,A dhLVksu ls fiQYeksa esa dke djus dk izLrko
ikdj pkyhZ ea=keqX/ FksA 'kq:&'kq: esa og FkksM+k ?kcjk, gq, Fks fd
og dke dj Hkh ik,axs ;k ughaA /hjs&/hjs og le; vk;k tc pkyhZ
dh igyh ewd fiQYe dk vkxkt gqvkA iQjojh 1914 esa 45 feuV
dh vof/ dh esfdax , fyfoax 'kh"kZd dh fiQYe fjyht gqbZA
funsZ'ku dh dbZ dfe;ksa osQ ckntwn bl fiQYe dks n'kZdksa dh
ljkguk feyhA [kkldj] pkyhZ dks ,d galkus okys vfHkusrk osQ :i
esa yksx tkuus yxsA vxys 10&12 lkyksa osQ nkSjku mUgksaus dbZ lkjh
fiQYeksa esa vfHku; fd;k] lkFk gh funsZ'ku HkhA bl nkSj dh oqQN
izeq[k fiQYesa Fkha& n VSEi] n bfexzsaV] 'kksYMj vkElZ] n fdM] n xksYM
j'k A
mudh fiQYeksa dks vki ns[ksa rks ik,aaxs fd pkyhZ gkj ugha ekursA
mUgksaus vPNksa&vPNksa dks vkSj /uokuksa dks csoowQiQ cuk;kA pkyhZ us
vius O;ax ck.kksa ls muosQ oSHko] mudh laiUurk vkSj vekuoh;rk

12

dk e[kkSy ftl lkgl vkSj [kwch osQ lkFk mM+k;k gS] og 'kk;n
flusek osQ bfrgkl esa vn~Hkqr vkSj csfelky gSA dbZ fiQYeksa esa os
eklwe cPpksa dh rjg yxrs gSaA yxrk gS] tSls ,d eklwe cPpk
viuh dkrj fuxkgksa ls nqfu;k dks ns[k jgk gSA vn~Hkqr! ,slk ugha gS
fd pkyhZ osQoy iSls osQ fy, vkSj csedln ;g lc dj jgs FksA
pkyhZ eklwfe;r] mudh vka[kksa esa osnuk dk lkxj] mudk xjhch vkSj
ykpkjh esa ft;k x;k thou ;g lc muosQ fnyks&fnekx esa ,d
n`f"Vdks.k dks tUe ns x;kA os galkrs&galkrs lcdks #yk nsrs gSaA
mudh fiQYeksa osQ n`';ksa esa d#.kk Hkh gS] ekuoh;rk Hkh gS] O;ax Hkh
gS] lkgl vkSj mEehnsa Hkh gSaA viuh vkRedFkk esa pkyhZ us fy[kk gS]
dkWesMh esa lcls t:jh tks pht gS og gS n`f"Vdks.kA bls ryk'kuk
gh lcls dfBu dke gksrk gSA dgkuh rks vk xbZ] ysfdu n`f"Vdks.k
ugha vk;k rks mldk dksbZ eryc ughaA blls lkiQ gksrk gS fd os
tks oqQN dj jgs Fks og csotg ugha FkkA muosQ ikl ,d utfj;k FkkA
pkyhZ dh laosnukvksa vkSj fopkjksa dh csgrjhu vfHkO;fDr mudh
fiQYeksa esa gqbZA

eka dk fu/u
fn loZQl fiQYe dh 'kwfVax osQ nkSjku pkyhZ dks [kcj feyh fd

eka gkuk dh rfc;r cgqr [kjkc gks xbZ gSA os vLirky esa HkrhZ FkhaA
mudh fLFkfr vZ&psrukoLFkk dh FkhA os cgqr de phtksa dks
igpku ikrh FkhaA 28 vxLr 1928 dks mUgsa eka osQ fu/u dh [kcj
'kwfVax djus osQ nkSjku feyhA gkuk osQ thou esa flok; la?k"kks osQ
oqQN Hkh 'ks"k ugha FkkA os thou&Hkj la?k"kZ djrh jghaA 'kknh osQ ckn
os vnuk ls I;kj rd osQ fy, rjl xbA ifr NksM+dj pyk x;kA
jksVh dh [kkfrj os nj&nj HkVdhaA jksVh rks feyh] ysfdu og bruh
ugha Fkh fd muosQ nksuksa cPpksa vkSj vius fy, i;kZIr gksA viuk isV
dkVdj os cPpksa dks ikyrh jghaA blls mudh gkyr uktqd gks xbZA
tc le; vk;k [kq'kh vkSj vkjke dk] rc os bruh ttZj gks pqdh
Fkha fd 'kk;n os pkyhZ dh izflf ns[kus ls eqag eksM+ pqdh FkhaA

13

[kq'kgky thou thus osQ fy, t:jh


fgEer tokc ns pqdh FkhA pkyhZ ?kaVksa
jksrk jgkA viuh eka osQ laca/ esa pkyhZ us
dgk] esjh eka u gksrh rks eSa ugha le>
ikrk fd ewd vfHku; D;k pht gSA
vkt tks oqQN Hkh eSa gwa mlosQ R;kx vkSj
la?k"kZ dh otg ls gwaA

iqu% fiQYeksa dh vksj


eka osQ fu/u osQ ckn pkyhZ us ,d ckj fiQj fgEer cka/hA
vxys pUn o"kks esa mUgksaus rhu egku fiQYekas dk fuekZ.k fd;k
flVh ykbV~l] eqfl;sj osnwZ] ekWMuZ VkbEl] vkSj n xszV fMDVsVj A ;g
le; ,slk Fkk tc nqfu;k ij ;q osQ ckny eaMjk jgs Fks vkSj
iwathokn ,d ladV osQ nkSj ls xqtj jgk FkkA 1932 esa tc os yanu
ls ykSVs rks mUgsa ;k=kk osQ nkSjku pkjksa vksj iSQyh csjkstxkjh] xjhch vkSj
vU;k; osQ izfr fpUrk lrkus yxhA mUgksaus lkspk fd eSa D;k dj
ldrk gwa--- flok; fiQYesa cukus osQA
blh nkSjku U;w;kWdZ oYMZ osQ ,d fjiksVZj us mUgsa MsVkbV dh ,d
iQSDVjh osQ ckjs esa crk;kA ogka dke brus e'khuh <ax ls gksrk Fkk fd
dkexkj viuk larqyu [kks cSSBrs FksA ekWMuZ VkbEl dk vkbfM;k ;gha
ls vk;kA e'khusa vktkn ugha djrha_ fdlh Hkh vPNs&[kkls fnekx dks
xqyke cuk nsrh gSa egkRek xka/h dh ckrsa jg&jgdj muosQ dkuksa
dh lSj dj vkrhaA mUgksaus [kkuk f[kykusokyh ,d e'khu dh dYiuk
dhA ekfydku lksprs gSa fd [kkuk [kkus esa dkexkj vk/k ?kaVk xaokrs
gSa] dksbZ ,slh e'khu cukbZ tk, tks mUgsa dke djrs&djrs [kkuk f[kYkk
ns rks dkiQh le; cp ldrk gSA ml e'khu dk ijh{k.k pkyhZ ij
fd;k tkrk gSA e'khu fcxM+ tkrh gSA og pkyhZ dks uV&cksYV
f[kyk&f[kykdj ihV nsrh gSA pkyhZ larqyu [kks cSBrk gSA ikxy[kkus
ls fudyus osQ ckn og lM+d ij py jgk gksrk gS fd ,d xkM+h

14

ls yky >aMk fxj tkrk gSA mls ugha irk fd mlosQ ihNs etnwjksa dk
tqywl vk jgk gSA iqfyl mls usrk le> ysrh gS vkSj tsy Hkst nsrh
gSA
ekWMuZ VkbEl Hkh ,d dkWesMh FkhA blosQ ek;e ls pkyhZ us

vesfjdk esa csjkstxkjh ls tw> jgs rdjhcu 50 yk[k yksxksa dh


Hkkoukvkas dks vfHkO;fDr nh FkhA ;g fiQYe e'khu ls iSlk dekus
dh 'kks"k.k&Hkjh iwathoknh O;oLFkk ij djkjk izgkj FkhA ekWMuZ VkbEl
Hkys gh vkt ls 60 o"kZ igys cuh Fkh] ysfdu 21 oha lnh esa Hkh
ftl rjg iwathoknh O;oLFkk us cgqjk"Vh; dEifu;ksa osQ ek;e ls
ywV dh lkk dk;e dh gS] mlosQ izfrjks/ esa bl fiQYe dh
izklafxdrk vkt Hkh fl gksrh gSA ,slk Hkh ugha fd pkyhZ e'khuksa osQ
f[kykiQ FksA os rks e'khuksa dks ywV dk ek;e cukus osQ f[kykiQ FksA
egkRek xka/h ls eqykdkr osQ nkSjku pkyhZ us ,d ckj dgk Fkk] tgka
rd esjk ekuuk gS] ;fn e'khuksa dk jpukRed bLrseky fd;k tk, rks
vkneh xqykeh ls cp ldrk gSA mlosQ dke osQ ?kaVs de gks ldrs
gSa vkSj T;knk euksjatuiwoZd thou xqtkjk tk ldrk gSA bl fiQYe
ij oqQN le; ckn gqbZ ppkZvksa esa bl dFku dks lcwr osQ :i esa
ns[kk x;k fd pkyhZ dE;qfuLV FksA
blh chp pkyhZ us eqfl,j osnwZ fiQYe dk fuekZ.k fd;kA tc ;g
fiQYe lsUlj cksMZ osQ ikl igqaph rks mls oqQN n`';ksa ij gh ugha]
cfYd iwjh fiQYe ij ,srjkt FkkA osnwZ njvly ,d cSad DyoZQ gS
tks vkfFkZd eanh osQ nkSjku viuh ukSdjh [kks cSBrk gSA iSlksa dh raxh
osQ dkj.k og ,d vehj] ysfdu meznjkt efgyk ls 'kknh djrk gSA
fiQj og iSlksa osQ fy, mldh gR;k dj nsrk gSA iSlk dekus dk ;g
rjhdk mls vesfjdh lekt esa miyc/ vU;
lqfo/kvksa osQ
cfuLcr T;knk ljy yxrk gSA og yxkrkj 'kkfn;ka djrk gS vkSj
gR;k,a HkhA mldh vlyh iRuh xkao esa jgrh gS vkSj og mlosQ
dkfry :i ls ukokfdiQ gSA gj gR;k osQ ckn og oqQN le; osQ
fy, mlosQ ikl pyk tkrk gSA pkyhZ us bl fiQYe dks ^dkWesMh

15

vkWiQ eMZlZ* dgk FkkA


lsalj cksMZ dks bl fiQYe dh cgqr lkjh ckrksa ij
ojMkWDl vius vijk/ksa dk Li"Vhdj.k nsrs gq, dgrk
fo'o;q djosQ lkewfgd ujlagkj dh la[;k esa btkiQk
,sls esa oqQN iSlksa osQ fy, esjs }kjk dh xbZ gR;k,a egt

vkifk FkhA
gS] nqfu;k
dj jgh gSA
etkd gSaA

lsalj cksMZ osQ lnL;ksa esa ;q dks ysdj cgl gks xbZA pkyhZ dh
utj esa ;q lkewfgd ujlagkj Fkk rks lsalj cksMZ dh utj esa ;g Hkys
ms';ksa dks ysdj dh xbZ ifo=k vkSj tk;t yM+kbZA fgalk dks brus
vklku <ax ls ysus osQ pkyhZ osQ utfj, ij Hkh cksMZ uk[kq'k FkkA
pkyhZ lsalj cksMZ osQ la'kks/u izLrkoksa ij oqQN gn rd jkth gks x,A
eqfl;sj osnwZ U;w;kdZ osQ flusek ?kjksa esa fjyht gqbZA fiQYe ij
izfrf;k,a cgqr vthcksxjhc FkhaA v[kckj mlosQ ihNs iM+s FksA
v[kckj osQ iUuksa ij eqfl;sj onwZ osQ iksLVjksa osQ vkxs yksx rf[r;ka
ysdj [kM+s Fks %
pkyhZ fons'kh gSA ns'k ls Hkxk nksA
pkyhZ dE;qfuLVksa dk leFkZd gS] ;g ns'knzksgh gSA bls :l
Hkst nksA

f}rh; fo'o ;q dk nkSj


1938 osQ vkl&ikl dk le;A teZuh esa lkk ukth ikVhZ
osQ fgVyj osQ gkFk esa vk xbZ FkhA uLy osQ 'kqhdj.k osQ uke ij
;gwfn;ksa dh lkewfgd gR;kvksa dh ;kstuk cuuh 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA
fgVyj vuq'kkflr vkSj fo'kkyre jSfy;ksa osQ ek;e ls teZu yksxksa
osQ vUnj ,slh ns'kHkfDr vkSj egRokdka{kk dk mUekn iSnk dj jgk
Fkk tks yksxksa dks ikxy fd, FkkA iwjk teZuh ukthokn dh pisV esa FkkA
vDVwcj 1938 esa pkyhZ us fiQYe n xzsV fMDVsVj ij dke 'kq:
fd;kA oqQN yksxksa us e'kfojk fn;k fd os [krjk eksy u ysa] D;ksafd
;g fiQYe u baXySaM esa fjyht gks ik,xh] u vesfjdk esaA ysfdu
pkyhZ viuh gh /qu esa FksA mUgksaus r; fd;k fd os fiQYe t:j

16

cuk,axs] D;ksafd ;g ekuork osQ gd esa vkSj ;q osQ f[kykiQ gSA


pkyhZ n xzsV fMDVsVj osQ ek;e ls fgVyj osQ lEeksgudkjh psgjs osQ
ihNs fNih ozwQjrk dks nqfu;k osQ lkeus ykuk pkgrs FksA fiQYe&fuekZ.k
osQ nkSjku nqfu;k osQ dbZ dksuksa ls mUgsa kedh Hkjs [kr fey jgs FksA
dksbZ LVwfM;ks ij ce isaQdus dh ckr dj jgk Fkk] rks dksbZ fFk,Vj
tykus dhA
mUgksaus bl fiQYe esa rkuk'kkg gkbUosQy vkSj ,d ;gwnh nthZ
nksuksa dk fdjnkj fuHkk;kA blesa fgVyj dk [kwc etkd mM+k;k x;kA
fiQYe esa NksVk&lk nthZ gkbUosQy dh txg yEck Hkk"k.k nsrk gS
ftlesa og lsukvksa ls dgrk gS] foosd ls dke yksA gesa foosd ls
ifjiw.kZ nqfu;k cukus osQ fy, yM+uk pkfg,A ,slh nqfu;k ftlesa
foKku vkSj izxfr ls ekuork dh [kq'kgkyh dh fn'kk esa ekxZ iz'kLr
gksA lSfudks] gesa tura=k osQ uke ij laxfBr gksuk pkfg,A fiQYe dks
vesfjdk esa ljkgk x;k] ysfdu pkyhZ us blesa tks oqQN Hkh dgk Fkk
ml ij dbZ yksxksa dks Hkkjh ,srjkt FkkA muosQ vuqlkj] fiQYe osQ
vUr esa dgh xbZ ckrsa dE;qfuTe dk leFkZu djrh gSaA

n xzsV fMDVsVj dk vkf[kjh Hkk"k.k


eq>s ekiQ dhft,xk] eSa dksbZ lezkV ugha cuuk pkgrkA ;g esjk
dke ugha gSA eSa fdlh ij 'kklu djuk ;k fdlh dks thruk ugha
pkgrkA eSa gj fdlh dh ;gwnh] tsaVkby] dkys&lisQn lcdh gj
laHko lgk;rk djuk pkgrk gwa--- ge lc ,d&nwljs dh lgk;rk
djuk pkgrs gSaA vkneh ,slk gh gksrk gSA ge ,d&nwljs dh [kqf'k;ksa
osQ lgkjs thuk pkgrs gSa_ nq[kksa osQ lgkjs ughaA ge vkil esa uiQjr
vkSj vieku ugha pkgrsA bl nqfu;k esa gj fdlh osQ fy, txg gSA
;g I;kjh i`Foh i;kZIr laiUu gS vkSj gj fdlh dks ns ldrh gS A
ftanxh dk jkLrk vktkn vkSj [kwclwjr gks ldrk gS] ij ge og
jkLrk HkVd x, gSaA yksHk us euq"; dh vkRek dks fo"kSyk dj fn;k
gS--- nqfu;k dks uiQjr dh ckM+ ls ?ksj fn;k gS--- gesa rst dneksa ls

17

ihM++k vkSj [kwu&[kjkcs osQ chp >Vd fn;k x;k gSA geus xfr dk
fodkl dj fy;k gS] ysfdu [kqn dks can dj fy;k gSA biQjkr
oLrq,a iSnk djus okyh e'khuksa us gesa vuar bPNkvkas osQ leanj esa
fxjk fn;k gSA gekjs Kku us gesa ludh o vkRegark cuk fn;k gS vkSj
gekjh prqjkbZ us gesa dBksj vkSj csjgeA ge lksprs cgqr T;knk gSa
vkSj eglwl cgqr de djrs gSaA e'khuksa ls T;knk gesa t:jr gS
balkfu;r dh] prqjkbZ ls T;knk gesa t:jr gS n;k vkSj lTturk dhA
bu xq.kksa osQ fcuk ftanxh [kaw[kkj gks tk,xh vkSj lc oqQN [kks tk,xkA
gokbZ tgkt vSj jsfM;ks us gesa vkSj djhc yk fn;k gSA bu
phtksa dk ewy LoHkko euq"; esa vPNkbZ ykus osQ fy, ph[k jgk
gS--- lkoZHkkSfed ca/qRo osQ fy, ph[k jgk gS--- ge lcdh ,drk osQ
fy,A ;gka rd fd bl oDr esjh vkokt nqfu;k osQ nfl;ksa yk[k
yksxksa rd igaqp jgh gS--- nfl;ksa yk[k grk'k iq#"kksa&fL=k;ksa vkSj NksVs
cPpksa rd--- ,d ,slh O;oLFkk osQ f'kdkj yksxksa rd tks vkneh dks]
fujijk/ eklwe yksxksa dks oSQn djus vkSj ;kruk nsus dk lcd i<+krh
gSA tks yksx eq>s lqu jgs gSa] eSa muls dgwaxk] fujk'k er gksA ihM+k dk
;g nkSj tks xqtj jgk gS] yksHk dh ;k=kk gS--- ml vkneh dh
dM+qvkgV gS tks ekuoh; mUufr ls ?kcjkrk gSA balku dh uiQjrsa
[kRe gks tk,axh vkSj rkuk'kkg ej tk,axs_ vkSj ftl lkk dks mUgksaus
Nhuk gS] og lkk turk dks fey tk,xh vkSj tc rd yksx ejrs
jgsaxs] vktknh iq[rk ugha gks ik,xhA
lSfudks] vius&vki dks bu /ks[kscktksa osQ gokys er djks] tks
rqEgkjk vieku djrs gSa--- tks rqEgsa xqyke cukrs gSa--- tks rqEgkjh
ftanxh dks lapkfyr djrs gSa--- rqEgsa crkrs gSa fd D;k djuk gS] D;k
lkspuk gS vkSj D;k eglwl djuk gS! tks rqEgkjh dok;n djokrs gSa]
rqEgsa f[kykrs gSa--- tkuojksa&lk O;ogkj djrs gSa vkSj viuh rksiksa dk
pkjk cukrs gSaA [kqn dks bu vizkfrd yksxksa] e'khuh fnekx vkSj
e'khuh fnyksa okys e'khuh vknfe;ksa osQ gokys er djks---A rqe yksx
balku gks] rqEgkjs fnyksa esa balkfu;r gS] ?k`.kk er djksA ?k`.kk djuh gh

18

gS] rks fcuk izse okyh uiQjr ls djks--- fcuk izse dh] vuSlfxZd!
lSfudks! xqykeh osQ fy, er yM+ks] vktknh osQ fy, yM+ksA lsaV
Y;wd osQ l=kgosa v;k; esa fy[kk gS fd bZ'oj dk jkT; vkneh osQ
Hkhrj gksrk gS--- fdlh ,d vkneh ;k fdlh ,d leqnk; osQ vkneh
osQ Hkhrj ugha] cfYd gj vkneh osQ Hkhrj! rqeesa--- vki lc yksxksa
esa--- turk osQ ikl rkdr gS bl ftanxh dks vktkn vkSj [kwclwjr
cukus dh] lkgl gS bl nqfu;k dks ,d vn~Hkqr nqfu;k esa rCnhy
djus dh] rks yksdra=k osQ uke ij ge ml rkdr dk bLrseky
djsa--- vkvks] ge lc ,d gks tk,a] ge ,d ubZ nqfu;k osQ fy,
la?k"kZ djsa] ,d ,slh lH; nqfu;k osQ fy, tks gj vkneh dks dke
djus dk ekSdk ns--- r#.kksa dks Hkfo"; ns vkSj cqtqxks dks ns lqj{kkA
bUgha phtksa dk oknk djosQ bu /ks[kscktksa us lkk gfFk;k yhA
ysfdu os >wBs gSa] os viuk oknk iwjk ugha djrs] os dHkh ugha djsaxsA
rkuk'kkg [kqn dks vktkn dj ysrs gSa] ysfdu turk dks xqyke cuk
nsrs gSaA ge nqfu;k dks vktkn djus dh yM+kbZ yM+sa--- jk"Vh; ckM+ksa
dks gVk nsus dh yM+kbZ_ yksHk] uiQjr o vlfg".kqrk dks m[kkM+
isaQdus dh yM+kbZ! ,d ,slh nqfu;k osQ fy, yM+sa] tgka foKku vkSj
mUufr ge lcosQ fy, [kqf'k;ka ysdj vk,A lSfudks] yksdra=k osQ uke
ij ge lc ,d gks tk,aA
gkuk] D;k rqe eq>s lqu ldrh gks\ rqe tgka dgha Hkh gks] ns[kks
;gka! ns[kks ;gka] gkuk! ;s ckny NaV x, gSa] ikS iQV jgh gS] ge
va/sjs ls fudydj mtkys esa vk jgs gSa] ge ,d ubZ nqfu;k esa vk
jgs gSa--- ,d T;knk jgefny nqfu;k esa--- tgka vkneh vius ykyp]
?k`.kk vkSj u`'kalrk ls mQij mBsxkA ns[kks gkuk] euq"; dh vkRek dks
ia[k fey x, gSa vkSj varr% mlus mM+us dh 'kq#vkr dj nh gSA og
bUnzkuq"k esa mM+ jgk gS--- mEehnksa dh jks'kuh esa--- ns[kks gkuk! ns[kks!

19

dE;qfuLV ugha] exj--o"kZ 1945 esa pkyhZ us eqfl,j osnwZ uke ls ,d fofp=k dkWesMh
fiQYe dk fuekZ.k fd;kA bl fiQYe esa pkyhZ ,d iosQ ckyksa okys
Hknz iq#"k osQ os'k esa vkrk gSA ;g vkSjrksa dk gR;kjk gS] gfFk;kjksa dk
fuekZrk gS vkSj ,d lEekfur O;olk;h Hkh gS] Hkys gh og gtkjksa&gtkj
yksxksa dh ekSr dk ftEesnkj gSA osnwZ dks e`R;qn.M nsus dh ?kks"k.kk gksrh
gS] ysfdu gfFk;kjksa dk ;g fuekZrk igys dh rjg viuk /a/k tkjh
j[krk gSA bl fiQYe osQ ckjs esa i=kdkj loky djus dh ctk; pkyhZ
ij dE;qfuLVksa osQ lkFk lgkuqHkwfr j[kus osQ vkjksi yxk jgs FksA pkyhZ
us lokyksa osQ tokc cgqr la;e vkSj foosdiw.kZ <ax ls fn,A ysfdu
i=kdkjksa us blij dksbZ ;ku ugha fn;kA pkyhZ us lnSo vkSj lcls
igys vius dks fo'o dk ukxfjd ekukA mUgksaus lkiQ&lkiQ dgk]
eSa dE;qfuLV ugha gwaA eSa rks ,d 'kkafrizseh gwaA lkFk gh lkFk
[kqfiQ;k ,tsUlh ,iQ-ch-vkbZ- osQ lkeus yach pyh iwNrkN osQ nkSjku
mUgksaus dE;qfuLVksa ls uiQjr djus ls lkiQ bUdkj dj fn;kA

pkyhZ pSifyu dh fiQYesa


1914 1- fcV~ohu 'kkolZ
2- , fcth Ms
3- dkSV bu , oSQcjs
4- dkSV bu n jsu
5- q,y q,y yo
6- Mh ,.M Mk;ukekbV
7- n iQsl vkWu n ckj:e Iyksj
8- , fiQYe tkSuh
9- tsUVyesu vkWiQ usoZ
10- xsfVax ,DosUVsM

20

11- gj saM n cSf.MV


12- fgt iQsofjV iklVkbe
13- fgt U;w izksiQs'ku
14- fgt izhfgLVksfjd ikLV
15- fgt fjtsusjs'ku
16- fdM vkWVks jslst ,V osful
17- n ukSdkmV
18- ykfiQax xSl
19- escy ,V n Oghy
20- escYl fcth Ms
21- escYl eSfjM ykbiQ
22- escYl iaDpMZ jksekal
23- izsfMdkesUV
24- esfdax v fyfoax
25- n ekLDosjsMj
26- n U;w tSfuVj
27- n izksiVhZ eSu
28- fjf,'ku
29- n jkmaMlZ
30- n LVkj cksMZj
31- VSaxks VSaxYl
32- nkst yo iSaXl
33- fVyht iaDpMZ jksekal

21

34- V~osaVh feuV~l vkWiQ yo


1915 35- n cSad
36- ck; n lh
37- desZu
38- n pSfEi;u
39- fgt U;w tkWc
40- bu n ikdZ
41- , ftVuh byksiesaV
42- , ukbV bu n 'kks
43- 'kkaxgkbM
44- n VSEi
45- , okseu
46- odZ
1916 47- fcgkbaM n LozQhu
48- n dkmaV
49- n iQk;jeSu
50- n yksjokWdj
51- ou , ,e
52- n ikWu'kkWi
53- iksyhl
54- n fjad
55- n oSxkckaM
1917 56- n D;ksj

22

57- bZth LVhV


58- n bfEexzs.V
1918 59- n ckW.M
60- , MkWXl ykbiQ
61- 'kksYMj vkElZ
62- fViy Vcy
1919 63- pkyhZ n ckcZj

1921
1922
1923
1925
1928
1931
1936
1940
1947
1952
1957
1967

64- , Mst Iys'kj


65- luhlkbM
66- , vkbMy Dykl
67- n fdM
68- is Ms
69- n fiyfxze
70- , okseu vkWiQ isfjl
71- n xqM iQkWj ufFkax
72- n xksYM j'k

73- n ldZl
74- flVh ykbV~l
75- ekWMuZ VkbEl
76- n xzsV fMDVsVj
77- ekalj okjMkWDl
78- ykbeykbV
79- , fdax bu U;w;kWoZQ
80- , dkmaVsl izQkWe gkax&dkax

23

pkyhZ vkSj jktuhfr


thou esa cpiu ls gh vFkkg nq[kksa osQ chp iyrs&c<+rs gq,]
izse o fookg esa vliQyrk osQ reke >a>kokrksa osQ chp os vius
vkRefo'okliw.kZ la?k"kZ osQ cy ij vkxs c<+rs jgsA mudh la?k"kZ&Hkjh
thou&xkFkk mUgsa ml le; Hkh fMxk ugha ikbZ tc os /uoku vkSj
izflf osQ mPpre f'k[kj ij FksA os bl f'k[kj osQ eksgik'k esa iaQls
cxSj reke geyksa osQ ckotwn lkekftd ljksdkjksa] tui{k/jrk vkSj
ekuork osQ fy, thou osQ vfUre le; rd yM+rs jgsA os
dE;qfuLV gksus osQ fujk/kj vkjksi vkSj fuokZlu osQ ckotwn dE;qfuLVksa
osQ izfr leFkZu dh izfrcrk vkSj muosQ }kjk fd, x, dke dh
iz'kalk ls dHkh ugha fMxsA
f}rh; fo'o&;q osQ nkSjku fgVyj dh ukthoknh lsuk,a iwjh
nqfu;k esa dksgjke epk, gq, FkhaA lksfo;r la?k dh yky lsuk vkSj
ogka dh cgknqj turk tku&eky dh Hkkjh rckgh osQ ckotwn
ukthokfn;ksa ls la?k"kZ dj jgh FkhA mlh nkSjku lSu kaflLdks ls
vesfjdu desVh iQkWj jf'k;u okWj fjyhiQ dh rjiQ ls iQksu vk;k
fd dy gksus okys lEesyu esa os eq[; oDrk dh gSfl;r ls cksyus
osQ fy, vkeaf=kr gSaA pkyhZ us rqjUr gka dj nh vkSj lSu kaflLdks
igqap x,A lHkk esa pkyhZ dk uEcj lcls ckn esa vk;kA muosQ igys
ftrus Hkh oDrk cksys ,sls laHky&laHkydj cksy jgs Fks ekuks mu ij
dksbZ igjk gksA
pkyhZ us 'kq#vkr dh] dkWejsM~l! vkSj iwjk gkWy BgkosQ
yxkdj galus yxkA pkyhZ us fiQj dgk] eSa dg jgk gwa] dkWejsM~lA
esjs fy, bl 'kCn dk eryc cgqr O;kid gSA yksx fiQj gals] ij
mudh galh rkfy;ksa dh xM+xM+kgV esa rCnhy gks xbZA
esjs [;ky esa gkWy esa dbZ :lh yksx Hkh gSaA eSa mUgsa crk nwa&
muosQ ns'k esa] mudh tehu ij ftl rjg gtkjksa :lh yksx 'kkafr
vkSj yksdra=k dh j{kk osQ fy, yM+ jgs gSa] mlus iwjs :l dks

24

xfjeke; cuk fn;k gS] bruk fd eSa vkidks dkWejsM dgaw rks ;g
vkiosQ fy, lcls cM+k lEeku gSA
yksx bruk vfHkHkwr gks x, fd mUgksaus nsj rd [kM+s gksdj
rkfy;ka ctkbA
eSa dksbZ dE;qfuLV ugha gwa] eSa fliZQ ,d balku gaw vkSj esjs
[;ky ls eq>s irk gS fd balkuksa osQ chp D;k fj'rk gksuk pkfg,A
dE;qfuLV fdlh Hkh nwljs vkneh ls vyx ugha gksrs] Hkys gh os
viuk gkFk [kks nsa ;k VkaxA mUgsa Hkh oSlh gh rdyhisaQ gksrh gSa tSlh
gesaA os Hkh gekjh rjg thrs&ejrs gSaA fdlh dE;qfuLV dh eka Hkh
oSlh gksrh gS] tSlh ge lcdh ekaA tc mls vius csVs osQ dHkh u
ykSVus dh nq[kn lwpuk feyrh gS] rks og mlh rjg jksrh gS] tSls
dksbZ Hkh eka jks,xhA ;g lc tkuus osQ fy, esjk dE;qfuLV gksuk
t:jh ughaA fliZQ balku gks tkus ls ;g lc irk py tkrk gSA bl
le; gtkjksa :lh eka,a jks jgh gSa] vkSj gtkjksa :lh liwr ej jgs
gSa---A

25

veweu cgqr de cksyus okys pkyhZ


ml fnu pkyhl feuV rd cksysA mUgksaus
:l dh fgEer dh nkn nh vkSj ukft;ksa osQ
f[kykiQ mldh lgk;rk dh vihy dhA
etnwjksa vkSj mRihfM+r tu osQ izfr muosQ
fopkj fl djrs gSa fd og etnwjksa osQ lkFk [kM+s Fks vkSj mUgsa
ukthokn osQ f[kykiQ laxfBr djus dh odkyr djrs FksA mUgksaus
lkiQ&lkiQ dgk] dkj[kkuksa esa cSBs yksx] [ksrksa esa dke djrs yksx]
nj&nj ?kwers ukxfjd] tc rd ,d gksdj la?k"kZ ugha djsaxs] vlyh
veu ugha vk,xkA
baXySM esa iqjkus nksLr muls ckj&ckj iwNrs fd vesfjdh ljdkj
muls [kiQk D;ksa gks xbZ\ ,d fnu mUgksaus tokc fn;k] mudh utj
esa eSa dE;qfuLV gwaA gkykafd eSa ugha gwa] ij eSa muls uiQjr Hkh ugha
djrk gwaA esjh utj esa os Hkys yksx gSa] nqfu;k dks vPNk vkSj Hkyk
cukus osQ fy, la?k"kZjrA eq>s vesfjdk Hkh ilan gS] ij ljdkjh
ckcqvksa us mls u jgus yk;d cuk fn;k gSA ogka ns'kHkfDr oqQN T;knk
gh rst gks xbZ gSA vxj ;gh vkye jgk] rks ,d fnu og ns'k
yksdra=k dh vkM+ esa iQkflLV gks tk,xkA
50&60 lky igys pkyhZ us vesfjdk osQ ckjs esa tks oqQN dgk
Fkk] vkt muesa ls dbZ ckrsa lgh fl gqbZ gSaA Hkys gh ?kksf"kr :i
esa vesfjdk dks ,d iQklhoknh ns'k u dgsa ysfdu bjkd] viQxkfuLrku]
dksfj;k] D;wck] fo;ruke vkSj u tkus dgka&dgka mlus tks oqQN
fd;k og fdlh ek;us esa iQklhokn ls derj ughaA 1991 osQ
[kkM+h&;q osQ ckn bjkd esa tks rckgh gqbZ mls D;k dgsaxs\ 5&10
yk[k bjkdh cPpksa dk fry&fry ejuk D;k gS\ D;k ;g yksdra=k gh
vkM+ esa vesfjdk dk iQklhokn ugha gS--- ekpZ 2003 ls vc rd
yk[kksa bjkdh ej pqosQ gSaA ;g fdldh otg ls\ bls D;k uke nsaxs\
fgVyj us rks [kqysvke iQklhokn dk ijpe iQgjk;k FkkA og rks
ekuork dk ,slk nq'eu Fkk tks lkiQ&lkiQ igpkuk tk ldkA ysfdu

26

cq'k dks D;k dgsaxs\ yksdra=k] vktknh osQ uke ij bjkd] viQxkfuLrku
gh ugha] iwjh nqfu;k esa ,d izdkj dk iQklhokn vesfjdk }kjk Fkksik
tk jgk gSA dksbZ oqQN Hkh dgs] cq'k gh vkt dk fgVyj gSA
eSa gj ml vkneh ls uiQjr djrk gwa tks nwljksa osQ fy,
leL;k iSnk djrk gSA dksbZ eq>s ;g dgs fd rqe blosQ fy, ;k
mlosQ fy, viuh tku ns nks rks eSa ,slk ugha dj ldrkA ns'kHkfDr
osQ uke ij Hkh ughaA ns'kHkfDr lcls cM+k ikxyiu gSA ;g euq";rk
dks djrk dh vksj ys tk ldrh gSA eq>s ,slh ns'kHkfDr ls fp<+
gSA eSa fdlh jktk] jk"Vk;{k ;k rkuk'kkg dh ftn iwjh djus osQ fy,
;q ugha dj ldrkA eSa mu fopkjksa osQ fy, drbZ ugha yM+ ldrk]
ftuesa esjh vkLFkk ughaA ns'kHkfDr dks dksbZ oSQls Lohdkj dj ldrk
gS] tc 60 yk[k ;gwfn;ksa dks uLyh; 'kqrk osQ uke ij ekj Mkyk
x;k gks! dksbZ dg ldrk gS fd ;g teZuh esa gqvk FkkA ij eSa dgrk
gwa fd ,slk gj ns'k esa NksVs&cM+s :i esa ekSt+wn gSA ns'kHkfDr varr%
ukthokn esa cny tkrh gSA
tc :l vkSj teZuh dh lsuk,a ;q osQ eSnku esa Fkha mlh le;
pkyhZ osQ ikl U;w;kWdZ esa ,d lHkk dks lacksf/r djus dk izLrko
vk;kA bl izLrko ij os FkksM+k vleatl esa Fks fd D;k djsaA muosQ
nksLr tSd okuZj us dgk fd os cgqr HkM+dkmQ Hkk"k.k nsrs gSa] os lHkk
esa u tk,a rks vPNk gSA nksLr dh lykg dks udkjrs gq, pkyhZ lHkk
esa igqapsA lHkk esa dbZ oDrk Fks] buesa fiQYeksa osQ egk&funsZ'kd vklZu
osYl Hkh FksA osYl us tc ns[kk fd lHkk esa dbZ lkjs iwathoknh
fopkj/kjk osQ iSjksdkj yksx Hkh cSBs gSa rks mUgksaus viuh ckr cgqr
vleatl esa vkSj nch tqcku ls dghA blls pkyhZ xqLls esa vk x,
vkSj mUgksaus iwathoknh O;oLFkk dk etkd mM+krs gq, ,slk Hkk"k.k fn;k
fd yksxksa dks lkai lwa?k x;kA bl lHkk esa dkalVsaV dkWfy;j Hkh FkhaA
mUgksaus dgk] rqe vxj blh rjg csjksdVksd <ax ls Hkk"k.k nsrs jgs
rks 5 lky osQ vUnj iwjk vesfjdk dE;qfuLV gks tk,xkA

27

bl lcosQ ckotwn pkyhZ ckj&ckj dgrs Fks fd os dE;qfuLV


ugha gSaA bl Hkk"k.k osQ ckn U;w;kWdZ dk /uoku rcdk] tks mudk
nhokuk Fkk] muls dVus yxkA muosQ ikl vc vkyh'kku nkorksa osQ
U;kSrs de vkrs] ysfdu nwj&njkt xkaoksa osQ yksx viuh leL;kvksa osQ
ckjs esa T;knk [kr Hkstus yxsA cqfthfo;ksa osQ tks [kr vkrs Hkh Fks
muesa T;knkrj ;q] dE;qfuTe] lksfo;r la?k] ukthokn vkSj vesfjdk
dh jktuhfr ij loky&tokc vkSj ftjg gksrs FksA
vki fdrus gh egku vkSj /uoku D;ksa u gksa] vki tSls gh
mRihfM+r voke osQ i{k esa [kM+s gksrs gSa oSls gh 'kkld oxZ vkSj
iwathoknh fopkj/kjk vkidks dV?kjs esa [kM+k dj nsrs gSaA pkyhZ osQ
lkFk Hkh ,slk gh gqvkA tSls gh mUgksaus ;q dh f[kykiQr dh]
ukthokn dk fojks/ fd;k vkSj dE;qfuLVksa osQ i{k esa cksys] oSls gh
mudh fiQYeksa dk dk;y vesfjdk] iwathoknh fopkj/kjk osQ i{k/j
yksx] ehfM;k vkSj ogka dk 'kkld oxZ muosQ ihNs iM+ x,A
os tgka Hkh tkrs muls ,d gh loky fd;k tkrk fd D;k vki
dE;qfuLV gaS\
pkyhZ bu lkjs lokyksa ls fcYoqQy ugha ?kcjkrsA mUgksaus gj
loky dk fcYoqQy lkiQ&lkiQ <ax ls tokc fn;kA tc oqQN yksx
muls iwNrs fd vki brus T;knk ukthokn osQ fojks/h D;ksa gSa\ rks
mudk lkiQ tokc Fkk] eSa ukth&fojks/h blfy, gwa fd ukth euq";
fojks/h gSA tSls gh mkj iwjk gksrk] yksx vxyk loky nkx nsrsA rks
fiQj vki t:j ;gwnh gSa\ bl iz'u ij pkyhZ ftruh le>nkjh ls
tokc nsrs gSa ;g fl djrk gS fd os ekuoh; fopkjksa osQ izfr
fdruh xgjkbZ ls vkLFkk j[krs FksA mudk tokc gksrk] ukthokn dk
fojks/ djus osQ fy, ;gwnh gksuk t:jh ugha gSA vxj vki ,d
tkx:d balku vkSj ekuork osQ fgrdkjh gksaxs rks vki t:j ukthokn
osQ fojks/h gksaxsA
bl lc osQ chp esa pkyhZ dHkh&dHkh lksprs fd eSa rks ,d

28

dykdkj gwa] dksbZ jktuSfrd usrk ugha! yksx


esjs ihNs D;kas iM+s gSa\ mUgsa yxk fd fiQYeksa
dh vksj T;knk ;ku nsuk pkfg,A ysfdu
mUgksaus r; fd;k fd dksbZ oqQN Hkh dgs] os
;q vkSj ukthokn dk fojks/ tkjh j[ksaxs vkSj
ekuork dh j{kk osQ fy, tks Hkh vkxs vk,xk
os mldk i{k ysus esa dHkh ugha fMxasxs--- pkgs
os dE;qfuLV gh D;ksa u gksaA

eSdkFkhZokn dk lk;k
1950 esa vesfjdk dh dE;qfuLV fojks/h eqfge dks ,d
mUekniw.kZ psgjk fey x;kA ;g psgjk Fkk tkslsiQ eSdkFkhZ uked ,d
flusVj dkA eSdkFkhZ us ?kks"k.kk dh fd vesfjdh fons'k foHkkx osQ
ikl nks lkS dE;qfuLVksa dh ,d ,slh lwph gS ftuij vesfjdk&fojks/h
xfrfof/;ksa esa 'kkfey gksus dk vkjksi yxk;k tkrk gSA bl nkSjku lwph
esa 'kkfey O;fDr;ksa dks eSdkFkhZ vkSj mlosQ fliglykjksa osQ lkeus
is'k gksuk iM+rkA gj O;fDr ls lSdM+ksa loky&tokc fd, tkrsA mUgsa
viekfur vkSj tyhy fd;k tkrkA pkjksa vksj >wB vkSj frdM+e dk
cksyckyk FkkA gkWyhoqM osQ dbZ lkjs yksxksa us bl ikxyiu osQ fo#
vkokt cqyUn dh] ysfdu dbZ lkjs viuk lc oqQN [kks cSBsA mUgsa
dHkh nqckjk gkWyhoqM esa dke ugha feykA blh chp pkyhZ ykbeykbV
fiQYe dh izhfe;j osQ fy, yanu pys x,A tgkt esa lokj gksus osQ
nwljs gh fnu ?kks"k.kk gqbZ fd vesfjdk osQ ,VkWuhZ tujy us pkyhZ dk
vesfjdk esa izos'k fuf"k dj fn;kA mUgsa vesfjdk fojks/h xfrfof/
;ksa esa fyIr gksus vkSj dE;qfuLVksa dk i{k ysus osQ vkjksi esa vesfjdk
ls fuokZflr dj fn;k x;kA fuokZlu osQ nkSj esa pkyhZ ij fo}s"kiw.kZ
geys tkjh jgsA ,iQ-ch-vkbZ- osQ tklwl oqQkksa dh rjg pkjksa rjiQ
,sls lwa?k jgs Fks fd dgha dksbZ ,slh lkexzh fey tk, ftlls pkyhZ
dks vkSj T;knk cnuke fd;k tk losQA pkyhZ okil vesfjdk ugha vk

29

ldrs FksA blfy, mudk ifjokj 1953 esa fLoV~tjyS.M pyk x;kA

'kkafrnwr dk lEeku
vesfjdk NksM+us osQ ckn pkyhZ thou osQ nwljs jkLrs dh vksj
py iM+s FksA isfjl vkSj jkse esa mudk Lokxr fotsrkvksa dh rjg gks
jgk FkkA jk"Vifr] ea=kh] fo}ku] turk lc osQ lc pkyhZ dh
esgeku&uokth dj jgs FksA kalhlh ljdkj us pkyhZ dks ^yhtu
vkWiQ vkWuj* dh inoh nsdj lEekfur fd;kA ebZ 1954 esa pkyhZ
dks fo'o'kkafr ifj"kn dh vksj ls ;q osQ f[kykiQ 'kkafr dh eqfge
pykus vkSj ekuork dh lsok osQ fy, 'kkafr iqjLdkj ls uoktk x;kA
iqjLdkj esa feyh /ujkf'k dks mUgksaus isfjl vkSj yUnu osQ xjhckas dh
lgk;rk gsrq nku dj nhA blh chp mUgksaus , fdax bu U;w;kWoZQ
uked ,d fiQYe cukuh 'kq: dhA ;g fiQYe eSdkFkhZokn ij ,d
djkjk izgkj FkhA viQlksl fd ;g fiQYe liQy ugha gqbZA dkj.k
lkiQ Fkk fd bl fiQYe esa tks oqQN Hkh dgk x;k Fkk og vesfjdk
dh uhfr;ksa] mlosQ dE;qfuLV fojks/ vkSj iwathoknh O;oLFkk ij
djkjk geyk FkkA
vesfjdk esa pkyhZ osQ f[kykiQ gqbZ lkft'kksa osQ ckn os nqfu;k Hkj
osQ usrkvksa o fo'ofo[;kr yksxksa ls feysA buesa izeq[k Fks phu osQ
iz/kuea=kh pkm ,u ykbZ] Hkkjr osQ iz/kuea=kh tokgjyky usg:]
fczVsu osQ iz/kuea=kh foaLVu pfpZy] lksfo;r la?k osQ jk"Vifr fufdrk
[kzq'pso] egku isaVj ikCyks fidklks] ys[kd T;ka iky lk=kZ--- pkyhZ bu
lcls <sj lkjh ckrsa djrs&ns'k] nqfu;k] jktuhfr] lektokn] iwathokn]
;q] 'kkafr] ekuork] n'kZu] laxhr] lkfgR;] fiQYe] dyk--- lcoqQN
ppkZ esa gksrkA pkyhZ gj ml vke vkSj [kkl osQ pgsrs Fks ftlesa
ekuoh; laosnuk FkhA lksfo;r la?k dh lektoknh kafr osQ tuuk;d
ysfuu us ,d ckj dgk Fkk& pSfIyu ,dek=k og 'kf[l;r gSa
ftuls feyus dh esjh pkgr iwjh ugha gks ikbZA
pkyhZ dh oqQN eqykdkrsa okdbZ ;knxkj gSaA dksfj;kbZ ladV osQ

30

nkSjku tc iwjh nqfu;k ,d [krjukd


eksM+ ij [kM+h Fkh rHkh tsusok esa
phu osQ iz/kuea=kh pkm ,u ykbZ
us pkyhZ dh fiQYe flVh ykbV~l
ns[kus dh bPNk O;Dr dhA mUgksaus
pkyhZ dks [kkus ij vkeaf=kr fd;k&
tc ge ogka igqaps rks esjh gSjkuh
dh lhek u jghA eSaus ns[kk fd
pkm ,u ykbZ gekjs Lokxr esa
ckgj lhf<+;ksa ij [kM+s bartkj
dj jgs FksA ml jkr mUgksaus gesa
ekvks Rls rqax dh ihfdax esa thr
dh fny dks Nw ysus okyh dgkuh lqukbZA ogka nl yk[k phuh yksx
ekvks osQ Lokxr esa [kM+s FksA ,d cgqr fo'kky eSnku osQ ,d fljs
ij ianzg iQhV maQpk cM+k eap cuk;k x;k FkkA tc ekvks ihNs ls
lhf<+;ka p<+dj mQij vk, rks lcls igys mudk flj utj vk;kA
nfl;ksa yk[k yksxksa us iwjs tks'k osQ lkFk fpYykdj mudk Lokxr
fd;kA tSls&tSls os iwjs fn[krs x, 'kksj c<+rk gh x;kA tc phu osQ
uotuoknh kafr osQ vxqvk ekvks us fo'kky tulewg ns[kk rks os
,d iy osQ fy, vpafHkr ls [kM+s jg x,A mUgksaus nksuksa gkFkksa ls
viuk psgjk <dk vkSj iwQV&iwQVdj jks,A
pkm ,u ykbZ phu osQ fo[;kr ykax ekpZ osQ nkSjku ekvks osQ
lkFk dfBukb;ksa vkSj fny ngyk nsus okyh dbZ ?kVukvksa esa 'kjhd FksA
eSa tc muosQ esgurh [kwclwjr psgjs dh vksj ns[k jgk Fkk rks gSjku
Fkk fd tu&la?k"kks osQ nkSjku os fdrus 'kkar vkSj mQtkZoku fn[krs
gksaxsA
eaSus phu osQ ckjs esa dbZ jkspd ?kVuk,a lquh Fkha fd fdl rjg
ls dE;qfuLVksa dks rhljs n'kd esa Hkhrjh phu esa dkiQh Hkhrj rd

31

/osQy fn;k x;k Fkk] fiQj fdl rjg ls ekvks Rls rqax dh vxqokbZ
esa fc[kjs dE;qfuLV ,dtqV gq, FksA tSls&tSls os ihfdax dh rjiQ
c<+rs x,] kafr dk dkjoka c<+rk x;kA dE;qfuLVksa us lkB djksM+
phuh turk dk fo'okl okil thrkA
fMuj osQ le; eSaus phu osQ Hkfo"; osQ fy, tke mBk;k vkSj
pkm ,u ykbZ ls dgk] gkykafd esa dE;qfuLV ugha gwa ysfdu eSa phuh
turk vkSj lc yksxksa dh [kq'kgky ftUnxh osQ fy, mudh mEehnksa
vkSj bPNkvksa esa iwjs fny ls muosQ lkFk gwaA
1962 esa cpiu esa mfpr f'k{kk ls oafpr pkyhZ dks baXySaM osQ
vkWDliQksMZ vkSj Mjge fo'ofo|ky;ksa us MkDVjsV dh mikf/ ls
lEekfur fd;kA
1965 esa pkyhZ dks tUe fnu ij vius I;kjs Hkb;k flMuh osQ
nsgkar dh [kcj feyhA mUgsa vius Hkb;k dks [kksus dk csgn xe FkkA
flMuh gh og bUlku Fkk tks pkyhZ osQ gj nq[k&lq[k dk geliQj FkkA
1971 esa pkyhZ dks isfjl esa kal osQ izfrf"Br ind xzkan esnkb
n osesZb ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA
1972 esa vesfjdk esa eSdkFkhZokn osQ dkys ckny NV pqosQ FksA
,d ckj fiQj vesfjdk gks'k esa vk;kA mls xyrh dk ,glkl gqvkA
mlus fiQj ls fuokZflr pkyhZ dks vesfjdk us xys yxk;kA U;w;kWoZQ
dh turk us pkyhZ dk vHkwriwoZ Lokxr fd;kA
4 ekpZ 1975 dks ,fytkcsFk f}rh; us fczVsu osQ loksZPp fczfV'k
lEeku ukbV ls pkyhZ pSfIyu dks lEekfur fd;kA

vfUre le;
1977 esa pkyhZ ,d vksj fiQYe cukus dk fopkj dj jgs Fks]
ysfdu vc os 88 o"kZ osQ gks pqosQ FksA mudk 'kjhj detksj gks x;k
FkkA dke gh esjk thou gS vkSj eq>s thou ls I;kj gSA ;g dgus
okys nqfu;k osQ egkure vfHkusrk vkSj ekuork osQ i{k/j pkyhZ

32

pSfIyu lcdks galkrs&#ykrs 25 fnlEcj 1977 dks nqfu;k ls py


clsA
pkyhZ gekjs chp vkt t:j ugha gSa] ysfdu mudh Nfo vej
gks xbZA muosQ vnuk&lk dn esa fyiVk dlk gqvk dksV] NM+h] gSV]
yEch irywu] yEcs twrs vkSj mudh ewaNas--- 'kk;n gh nqfu;k esa HkqykbZ
tk losaQxhA la?k"kZiw.kZ thou vkSj Hkh"k.k vkykspukvksa osQ ckotwn
ekuork osQ fgr esa dh xbZ mudh igydnfe;ksa dks dkSu Hkqyk
ik,xk! vke balku dh laosnukvksa ls jph&clh fiQYesa ;kn fnykrh
jgsaxh fd pkyhZ pkyhZ ugha--- fprpksj FksA

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