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    Porosity in Carbonate Reservoirs

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    Osama Hasan
    Pore types in carbonate rocks can be classified as primary or secondary based on when they form. Primary pores form during deposition and include interparticle pores between grains, intraparticle pores within grains, fenestral pores from gas bubbles or algal mat decay, and shelter or growth-framework pores in reefs. Secondary pores form after deposition through processes like dissolution and include exhumed primary pores after cement is dissolved as well as vugs and enlarged fractures. Many primary and secondary pore types can be identified in cores and well cuttings.

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    Porosity in Carbonate Reservoirs

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    Osama Hasan
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    Pore types in carbonate rocks can be classified as primary or secondary based on when they form. Primary pores form during deposition and include interparticle pores between grains, intraparticle pores within grains, fenestral pores from gas bubbles or algal mat decay, and shelter or growth-framework pores in reefs. Secondary pores form after deposition through processes like dissolution and include exhumed primary pores after cement is dissolved as well as vugs and enlarged fractures. Many primary and secondary pore types can be identified in cores and well cuttings.

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    Pore types in carbonate rocks can be classified as primary or secondary based on when they form. Primary pores form during deposition and include interparticle pores between grains, intraparticle pores within grains, fenestral pores from gas bubbles or algal mat decay, and shelter or growth-framework pores in reefs. Secondary pores form after deposition through processes like dissolution and include exhumed primary pores after cement is dissolved as well as vugs and enlarged fractures. Many primary and secondary pore types can be identified in cores and well cuttings.

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    8K views2 pages

    Porosity in Carbonate Reservoirs

    Uploaded by

    Osama Hasan
    Pore types in carbonate rocks can be classified as primary or secondary based on when they form. Primary pores form during deposition and include interparticle pores between grains, intraparticle pores within grains, fenestral pores from gas bubbles or algal mat decay, and shelter or growth-framework pores in reefs. Secondary pores form after deposition through processes like dissolution and include exhumed primary pores after cement is dissolved as well as vugs and enlarged fractures. Many primary and secondary pore types can be identified in cores and well cuttings.

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    Pore types in carbonate rocks can generally be classified on the basis of the timing of porosity

    evolution into: (1) primary pores (or depositional porosity), which are pores inherent in newly-
    deposited sediments and the particles that comprise them. Such pore types include interparticle
    pores in, for example, carbonate sands (but also in muddy carbonates), intraparticle pores (within
    particles such as foraminifera or gastropod shells), fenestral pores (formed by gas bubbles and
    sediment shrinkage in tidal-flat carbonates), and shelter and growth-framework pores (common in
    reef buildups); and (2) secondary pores, which are those that form as a result of later, generally
    post-depositional dissolution. Such pore types include all of those mentioned above, but only
    when it can be demonstrated that primary pores which subsequently were occluded by cement
    later had all or some of that cement dissolved (resulting in the generation of exhumed pores -
    Figure 2), as well as vugs (large pores that transect rock fabric, that is, dissolution was not fabric-
    selective) and dissolution-enlarged fractures. Most of these primary and secondary pore types
    can readily be identified in cores, and with the possible exception of shelter and growth-
    framework pores, also in well cuttings samples.

    Interparticle porosity-Porosity between particles. It is seldom preserved because of porosity loss


    by cementation.
    Intraparticle porosity-Porosity within the particles of grains
    Fenestral Porosity-Lense shaped or globular sparry carbonate cement formed chiefly by the
    decay of sediment covered algal mats, shrinkage during drying and accumulation of pockets of
    gas or water.
    Shelter porosity-It is a type of primary interparticle porosity created by the shattering effect of
    relatively large sedimentary particles which prevent in filling of pore space beneath them by finer
    clastic particle.
    Growth framework porosity-Primary porosity created by the inplace growth of a carbonate rock
    framework.

    Intra crystal prosity-Porosity within the individual crystals.


    Moldic Porosity-A pore formed by selective removal by solution from an original shell oolite etc

    Unlike other lithologies, the original primary porosity in carbonates may be totally destroyed
    during diagenesis and significant new secondary porosity may be created. The types of porosities
    encountered are quite varied (figure below). Interparticle, intraparticle, growth-framework, shelter
    and fenestral porosities are depositional porosities. Porosity formed during diagenesis may be
    moldic, channel, inter-crystalline, fracture or vuggy porosity.

    Porosity in carbonate rocks results from many processes. It can generally be classified on the
    basis of the timing of porosity evolution into: (1) primary porosity (or depositional porosity), in
    which pores are inherent in newly-deposited sediments and the particles that comprise them.(2)
    Secondary Porosity (or post-depositional porosity) in which voids are formed after the rock has
    been deposited due to factors such as dissolution, fracturing or dolomitization.
    Carbonate sediments show initially high porosity. The world's greatest carbonate reservoir is in
    lime sand with primary porosity preserved. But unlike other lithologies, the original primary
    porosity in carbonates may be totally destroyed during diagenesis and significant new secondary
    porosity may be created.
    Primary porosity in carbonate rocks is further classified into the following types:
    Interparticle porosity-This type of porosity is due to the voids between the particles. It is seldom
    preserved because of porosity loss by cementation.
    Intraparticle porosity-The porosity within the particles of grains is called Intraparticle porosity.
    Fenestral Porosity-This type of porosity is due to the lense shaped or globular pores formed
    chiefly by the decay of sediment covered algal mats, shrinkage during drying and accumulation of
    pockets of gas or water.
    Shelter porosity-It is a type of primary interparticle porosity created by the shattering effect of
    relatively large sedimentary particles which prevent in filling of pore space beneath them by finer
    clastic particle.
    Growth framework porosity-This type of primary porosity is created by the inplace growth of a
    carbonate rock framework.

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