Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 68 views

    Operational Amplifier Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Mitpdf
    The document discusses operational amplifier circuits, including: 1) An inverting amplifier circuit that subtracts the input voltages by applying a gain of -R2/R1. 2) An integrator circuit that integrates the input voltage over time by converting it to current using a resistor and integrating the current using a capacitor. 3) A differentiator circuit that differentiates the input voltage over time by converting it to current using a capacitor and converting the current back to voltage using a resistor.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Operational Amplifier Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Mitpdf
    68 views9 pages
    The document discusses operational amplifier circuits, including: 1) An inverting amplifier circuit that subtracts the input voltages by applying a gain of -R2/R1. 2) An integrator circuit that integrates the input voltage over time by converting it to current using a resistor and integrating the current using a capacitor. 3) A differentiator circuit that differentiates the input voltage over time by converting it to current using a capacitor and converting the current back to voltage using a resistor.

    Original Title

    6002L20

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses operational amplifier circuits, including: 1) An inverting amplifier circuit that subtracts the input voltages by applying a gain of -R2/R1. 2) An integrator circuit that integrates the input voltage over time by converting it to current using a resistor and integrating the current using a capacitor. 3) A differentiator circuit that differentiates the input voltage over time by converting it to current using a capacitor and converting the current back to voltage using a resistor.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    68 views9 pages

    Operational Amplifier Circuits

    Uploaded by

    Mitpdf
    The document discusses operational amplifier circuits, including: 1) An inverting amplifier circuit that subtracts the input voltages by applying a gain of -R2/R1. 2) An integrator circuit that integrates the input voltage over time by converting it to current using a resistor and integrating the current using a capacitor. 3) A differentiator circuit that differentiates the input voltage over time by converting it to current using a capacitor and converting the current back to voltage using a resistor.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    CIRCUITS AND

    6.002 ELECTRONICS

    Operational Amplifier Circuits

    6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 20 1


    Review

    „ Operational amplifier abstraction

    +  ∞ input resistance
     0 output resistance
    –  Gain “A” very large

    „ Building block for analog systems


    „ We will see these examples:
    Digital-to-analog converters
    Filters
    Clock generators
    Amplifiers
    Adders
    Integrators & Differentiators

    Reading: Chapter 15.5 & 15.6 of A & L.

    6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 20 2


    Consider this circuit:
    i R2

    i R1
    v− –
    v2 +
    – v+ + +
    v1 + R1 vOUT
    – R2 –

    + R2 vOUT = v − − iR2
    v = v1
    R1 + R2 −
    v − v
    ≈ v− = v− − 2 ⋅ R2
    R1
    v2 − v −
    i= ⎡ R ⎤ R
    R1 = v − ⎢1 + 2 ⎥ − v2 2
    ⎣ R1 ⎦ R1
    R2 R + R2 R
    = v1 ⋅ 1 − v2 2
    R1 + R2 R1 R1
    R2
    = (v1 − v2 )
    R1
    subtracts!
    6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 20 3
    Another way of solving —
    use superposition
    v1 → 0 v2 → 0
    R2 R1
    v+ + vOUT1
    R1 v1 + R2
    – – –
    R2
    v2 + vOUT2
    – +
    R1
    R1 || R2

    + R1 + R2
    R2 vOUT1 =v ⋅
    vOUT2 = − v2 R1
    R1
    v1 ⋅ R2 R1 + R2
    = ⋅
    R1 + R2 R1
    R2
    = v1
    R1
    vOUT = vOUT1 + vOUT2
    R2
    = (v1 − v2 )
    R1
    Still subtracts!
    6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 20 4
    Let’s build an intergrator…

    +
    vI +
    –
    ∫ dt vO
    –

    Let’s start with the following insight:


    i
    +
    i +
    – C vO

    –
    t
    1
    vO = ∫ i dt
    C −∞
    vO is related to ∫ i dt

    But we need to somehow convert


    voltage vI to current.

    6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 20 5


    First try… use resistor
    + vR – i
    +
    R
    vI + vO vI
    – C →i
    R
    –
    But, vO must be very small compared
    to vR, or else
    v
    i≠ I
    R
    When is vO small compared to vR ?
    dv
    RC O + vO = vI larger the RC,
    dt smaller the vO
    vR
    dvO
    when RC >> vO for good
    dt
    dvO integrator
    RC ≈ vI ωRC >> 1
    dt t
    1
    or vO ≈ ∫
    RC −∞
    vI dt
    Demo
    6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 20 6
    There’s a better way…
    Notice i
    i
    –

    v − ≈ 0V under negative feedback


    vI
    so, i =
    R
    –
    vI + R
    – +

    vC
    vI + –
    R
    –
    R vO = −vC
    vI + +
    – + vO t
    1 vI
    – vO = − ∫ dt
    C −∞ R
    We have our integrator.
    6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 20 7
    Now, let’s build a differentiator…

    d +
    vI +
    – vO
    dt
    –

    Let’s start with the following insights:


    i

    + dvI
    vI – C i=C
    dt

    dvI
    i is related to
    dt
    But we need to somehow convert current
    to voltage.

    6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 20 8


    Differentiator…
    Recall i
    i
    –
    +
    R
    i
    –
    + + vO = −iR
    vO
    – current
    0V
    to
    i R voltage

    C –
    vI + + vC – vO
    – +
    vI = vC
    dvI
    i=C
    dt
    Demo vO = − RC
    dvI
    dt
    6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 20 9

    You might also like