Code: DE06 Subject: Basic Electronics: Thickness of Paper Used Varies From 7.5 Microns (1 Micron. One

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Code: DE06

Q.47 Ans:

Subject: BASIC ELECTRONICS

Classify the capacitors on the basis of dielectrics used and discuss the functioning Of one one of them. Marks (5) Classification of Capacitors: The capacitors are classified on the basis of dielectric used are 1. Fixed Capacitors: (i) Paper Dielectric Capacitors (ii) Mica Dielectric Capacitors (iii) Ceramic Dielectric Capacitors (iv) Glass Dielectric Capacitors (v) Plastic Dielectric Capacitors (vi) Electrolytic Capacitors (vii) Air Dielectric Capacitors (viii) Vacuum Capacitors 2. Variable Capacitors: (i) Air Dielectric Capacitors (ii) Mica Dielectric Capacitors (iii) Plastic Dielectric Capacitors (iv) Ceramic Dielectric capacitors Metal foil impregnated paper capacitor These types of capacitors are constructed by rolling impregnated paper insulation between metal electrodes. Electrodes are usually aluminum (high conductivity, low cost) but could also be of tin (cheaper, less conductive) or copper (costly, better conductive). The thickness of paper used varies from 7.5 microns (1 micron. =one millionth of a matter) to 25 microns and the thickness of metal foil used is around 7 microns. Voltage stress of impregnated paper varies from 15 to 25 v/micron.

These types of capacitors are normally manufactured to a tolerance of 20% of the desired capacitance within the same batch. Their best manufacturing tolerance can be 5%. They have a moderate power factor (0.005 to 0.01 at 10KHz). Their temperature coefficient is positive and ranges from + 100 to + 200 ppm/ C. (ppm per degree centigrade means change in capacitance per million parts of original capacitance with one degree rise in temperature). The typical voltage rating is about 300 V (r.m.s) at 50 Hz. Capacitance range is usually from 1000 pF to 0.5 F. They are normally used in radio frequency (i.e. between 10 kHz and 300 GHz) applications. The maximum temperature withstanding capacity is 100 C. Q.48 Briefly explain the different processes by which electron emission takes place from the Surface of metals. Marks (4)

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