Prepared By: Lee Hock Tiang

Prepared by: LEE HOCK TIANG
The Composition of Air

Air is a mixture consist of Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Carbon dioxide 0.03% Inert gases 0.97% Water vapour Microorganism Dust The percentage of the constituents of air are different from one place to another.
The Composition of Air
Inert Gases
1. Argon 2. Helium 3. Krypton 4. Neon 5. Xenon 6. Radon
To show the percentage of oxygen in the air
Observation : 1. The burning candle goes out. 2. The water level in the gas jar rises one fifth up the gas jar (20% of air in the air)
To show the percentage of oxygen in the air
Conclusion : The percentage of oxygen in the air is approximately 20%.
The Properties of Oxygen

Colourless Odourless Slightly soluble in water Not soluble in sodium hydroxide
No effect on damp litmus paper

No effect on lime water Relights a glowing splinter
No effect on hydrogen carbonate solution

Support combustion Neutral
The Properties of Carbon Dioxide

Colourless Odourless More soluble in water Very soluble in sodium hydroxide
Turns damp blue litmus paper to red

Turns lime water milky Extinguishes a burning splinter
Changes the colour of hydrogen carbonate from red to yellow

Does not support combustion
Acidic
Confirmatory Test
OXYGEN Relights glowing splinter
CARBON DIOXIDE Lime water turns cloudy, chalky and milky
OXYGEN IS NEEDED FOR RESPIRATION

Oxygen is needed by all living organisms for the
respiration process. Respiration involves the oxidation of glucose (food) and the production of carbon dioxide, water vapour and energy. The body gets oxygen that is needed for respiration when inhaled air enters the lungs. Inhaled air the air that is breathed in during respiration. Exhaled air the air is breathed out during respiration.
Composition of Inhaled Air and Exhaled Air

Gas Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon dioxide Inert gases Water vapour Temperature Heat Inhaled Air 78% 21% 0.03% 1.0% Varies 25oC Less Exhaled Air 78% 16% 4% 1% Saturated 37oC More
Respiration Equation
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
To show living things use oxygen during respiration
To show living things use oxygen during respiration

Observation : The drop of coloured water in tubes A and B move towards the tube. Discussion : Cockroaches and germinating seeds (living things) take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide during respiration. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by sodium hydroxide. Pressure inside tube A and B decrease. Higher pressure outside pushes the drop of coloured water towards the tubes. Conclusion: Living things used oxygen during respiration.
To show that living things give out carbon dioxide during respiration
To show that living things give out carbon dioxide during respiration
Observation : The colour of hydrogen carbonate indicator in tubes P and Q change from red to yellow.
Discussion : Cockroaches and germinating seeds (living things) give out carbon dioxide during respiration. Hydrogen carbonate indicator absorbs the carbon dioxide and changes colour from red to yellow. Conclusion: Living things give out carbon dioxide during respiration.
OXYGEN IS NEEDED FOR COMBUSTION

Combustion is a process of burning substances that gives of heat and light. Condition for combustion are : Oxygen Heat Fuel
IMPORTANCE
o Industry Burning of fuel to generate electricity in power station. Boiling water to produce steam to turn the turbines. o Transportation Burning of petrol or diesel in engines to move the vehicles. Burning the kerosene in aircraft engine to produce energy to fly. o Others Burning of candles as source of light. Burning of natural gas for cooking.
Combustion of carbon
Produces carbon dioxide, heat and light.
Example: Charcoal + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Heat + Light
Combustion of hydrocarbon
Produces carbon dioxide, water, heat and light.
Example: Kerosene + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + Heat + Light
The water formed by combustion of hydrocarbon can be tested with :

Dry cobalt chloride paper ( blue to pink) Anhydrous copper sulphate ( white to blue)
Methods To Put Out A Fire

Take away fuel from fire Remove fuel source. Remove Using fire blanket, sand, oxygen supply cloth. Remove heat Using water
To show that oxygen is needed for combustion

Observation : The candle inside the gas jar goes out after a short while. The candle outside the gas jar continues to burn Conclusion: Oxygen is needed for combustion.
To investigate the effect of the size of a container on the length of time a candle burns.
Observation : The candle in the 500 ml beaker goes out first. The candle in the 1000 ml beaker continues to burn for some time before it goes out. Conclusion: The bigger the size of container, the longer the time for candle to burn.
THE END
WHY IS AIR A MIXTURE?

1.
2.
3. 4. 5.
Air does not have a fixed composition of substances. The air in a place which is crowded with people has a higher content of carbon dioxide compared to the air in an open space. The air inside our homes has lesser amount of dust compared to the air outside. The air in a jungle has a higher content of oxygen compared to the air in a place without green plant. The content of water vapour in the air is higher in the morning than in the afternoon.
Three candles with same type and size were prepared. 2. The candles was lighted up and the container was inverted over the candle. 3. The stopwatch was started and the time taken for the lighted candle to extinguish was recorded. 4. The experiment was repeated by using different size of containers.
1.

Prepared By: Lee Hock Tiang

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Prepared By: Lee Hock Tiang

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Prepared By: Lee Hock Tiang

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Prepared by: LEE HOCK TIANG

The Composition of Air

The Composition of Air

To show the percentage of oxygen in the air

To show the percentage of oxygen in the air

Conclusion : The percentage of oxygen in the air is approximately 20%.

The Properties of Oxygen

No effect on damp litmus paper

No effect on hydrogen carbonate solution

The Properties of Carbon Dioxide

Turns damp blue litmus paper to red

Changes the colour of hydrogen carbonate from red to yellow

CARBON DIOXIDE Lime water turns cloudy, chalky and milky

OXYGEN IS NEEDED FOR RESPIRATION

Composition of Inhaled Air and Exhaled Air

To show living things use oxygen during respiration

To show living things use oxygen during respiration

OXYGEN IS NEEDED FOR COMBUSTION

The water formed by combustion of hydrocarbon can be tested with :

Methods To Put Out A Fire

To show that oxygen is needed for combustion

WHY IS AIR A MIXTURE?

You might also like