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    Digest of Rheological Equations: Dominique Guillot

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    Dian Sikumbang
    This document provides equations for calculating flow parameters for different fluid types, including: - Laminar flow equations for Newtonian fluids in pipe and annular geometries. - Turbulent flow equations including critical Reynolds numbers and friction factor approximations. - Power law equations for viscosity, Reynolds number, and friction factor as functions of flow behavior index. - Bingham plastic equations including Reynolds number definitions and laminar flow expressions.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Digest of Rheological Equations: Dominique Guillot

    Uploaded by

    Dian Sikumbang
    39 views8 pages
    This document provides equations for calculating flow parameters for different fluid types, including: - Laminar flow equations for Newtonian fluids in pipe and annular geometries. - Turbulent flow equations including critical Reynolds numbers and friction factor approximations. - Power law equations for viscosity, Reynolds number, and friction factor as functions of flow behavior index. - Bingham plastic equations including Reynolds number definitions and laminar flow expressions.

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    This document provides equations for calculating flow parameters for different fluid types, including: - Laminar flow equations for Newtonian fluids in pipe and annular geometries. - Turbulent flow equations including critical Reynolds numbers and friction factor approximations. - Power law equations for viscosity, Reynolds number, and friction factor as functions of flow behavior index. - Bingham plastic equations including Reynolds number definitions and laminar flow expressions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views8 pages

    Digest of Rheological Equations: Dominique Guillot

    Uploaded by

    Dian Sikumbang
    This document provides equations for calculating flow parameters for different fluid types, including: - Laminar flow equations for Newtonian fluids in pipe and annular geometries. - Turbulent flow equations including critical Reynolds numbers and friction factor approximations. - Power law equations for viscosity, Reynolds number, and friction factor as functions of flow behavior index. - Bingham plastic equations including Reynolds number definitions and laminar flow expressions.

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    of 8

    A

    FLOW CALCULATIONS

    Digest of Rheological Equations


    Dominique Guillot
    Schlumberger Dowell

    FOR ALL FLUIDS

    - COHERENT

    UNIT SYSTEM

    Annular Flow Slot Approximation zM = P, - 0;) dp 4 d, x rll,

    Shear stress at the wall

    Fanning friction factor defined such that: where: v = 4xQ rcD2 number defined

    ,f,. =

    (4 - 0;) 4

    dz

    +pv
    V = 4xQ

    n (D; - Di)
    jjj zz 24 ReAN

    Reynolds

    fr-=AL ReMR

    such as that in laminar flow: Table A-l-Definition of the main parameters.

    A-l

    WELL CEMENTING

    Pipe Flow Newtonian shear rate at the wall


    .

    Annular Flow Slot Apbroximation

    SV
    yNW =r YNW = m 0 =

    12v
    I

    Shear rate at the wall

    y w

    311'f 1 y
    411 NW

    9,

    = ~

    2~ + 1 .

    3/Z'

    YNW

    where:

    Velocity profile

    Newtonian shear rate shear stress relationship Table A-P-Main equations for laminar flow.

    A-2

    DlGEST

    OF RHEOLOGlCAL

    EQUAT/ONS

    Pipe Flow Reynolds Laminar Number flow Re, = 2100 fr 4) -= dz m V = 16 RC


    -12WQ
    cir=

    Annular Flow Slot Approxhation ReAN = PV (a, 71 4

    Re = y

    Reynolds number value for end of laminar flow Fanning Frictional NormaQed friction factor pressure drop

    Re, = 2100
    ,fi.&lRf
    AN

    192v

    no4 - 2x . Rez = 3000


    ( 1 --,.2 )

    dz El+

    76(Do -I- 0) =

    (a

    - Di)

    velocity profile

    I.5 x( 1 -s2)

    Turbulerit flow Critical Reynolds number for turbulent flow Critical flow rate for turbulent flow Fanning friction factor

    Re, = 3000

    Q,=

    2356ID p

    Q,,

    = 2356 q k

    + 4.)
    P

    1 6

    = 4.0 log[Re I@] - 0.4


    Blasius approximation

    -!- = 4.0 log $Re,,


    I@ [

    - 0.4

    Power law approximation for Re,< Re4 O5

    jj. zz 0.0792 x Re-. 0.241p 0.75 170.25


    D4.75
    Q1.75

    ,fi = 0.0992 x REP= AN


    c,= dz 0.302p.7 17 0.26
    Q

    43
    z=

    1 .74

    (D,,+ Dj).74(Do-

    Dj).

    Table

    A-3-Newtonian

    fluids.

    A-3

    WELL CEMENTING

    Pipe Flow Reynolds Number Laminar flow Reynolds number value for end of laminar flow Fanning friction factor Frictional pressuredrop Normalized velocity profile Turbulent flow Critical Reynolds number for turbulent flow Critical flow rate for turbulent flow dP -=dz +) --V II c& = dz ReMR
    =

    Annular Flow Slot Approximation Re,,N = pv yL$, - Di) 12[(2/2+ I)/ 3/7]Xk

    PV

    2 ID I,

    W[(3,1 -I- 1)/41$x k

    Re, = 3150-115012

    Re, = 3150-115On

    - 3n + 1 x (1 --s I-1-V/I) n+ 1

    G) -- - 2/z+ 1 x (1 -,,- I+ I/n) V I7 + 1

    Re, = 4150 - 1150 II

    Re, = 4150

    115On

    (4150 - 1l5OfZ )@,)

    Fanning friction factor Power law approximation for Re,&e,cl O5 and Re,<Re,& O5 where:

    1 6.

    p4.0 1% [ReMRff -I

    - %

    1 fi

    = 4.0

    f10.7s

    log

    $RenN,f,.1-iij2

    _ f!~&

    b(n) fr = n(n) x Re,,

    ,fi. = a (n) x [$ ReAw] ( )

    a (17)

    = 0.0792+ 0.0207 log (17)


    -0.251 i-o.141 log
    4Q ?+(2-I)/? (If) (I?)

    h(n)=

    a(n) = 0.0893 + 0.0246 log( 17) h(n) = - 0.263 + 0.138 log( II)

    Frictional pressuredrop

    = 2a (n) 7

    [1

    [g- 1(31jl; ~)~k~~~~~~s;~,~,,,)-3,,,,(,,) Table A-4-Power law fluids.

    A-4

    DIGEST

    OF RHEOLOGICAL

    EQUATIONS

    Pipe Flow
    Bingham Reynolds number ReB,q Hedstrom number

    Annular Flow Slot Approximation

    = PVD 5)

    R$

    = p v PO - 9 4) ?

    pD2r,. He = -----.L p ,; Re,, = PV


    ,I t = dog dog I(
    2-,lDll

    He = PP1,-DJ2 p,T

    Metzner Reynolds where:

    and Reed number

    p-

    I lc I (Tll,) kw 1

    Re*N = p v 2-1(~1,- D~)I~


    Q/t-lk f dlog dlog k f = (2w ) ( jNM/ 1

    II =

    = T,r $$

    T,,. jy

    Laminar Expressions

    flow for v(x) V of Q are: law n = (1+ I-S YY)(l -I- w2) P,, I I I . 11 /if= I 5 P,, Ii I

    implicit

    implicit

    Re AN n k , dp/dz, as a function Local power

    (l-q+

    +$f+y)

    ,I! = (1 -Yl(l
    b-Y+Y)

    +y/2)

    and consistency

    index

    k= I

    5 Y

    1 -.$v

    +fl/f

    w
    I

    1-;y+;yj

    Reynolds number for end of laminar Fanning Frictional friction pressure

    value flow factor drop from:

    Re, = 3150-1150/z
    fj. = 16 ReMR

    Re, = 3150-115012
    ,fr = +
    AN

    can be obtained

    or fr (Resg., He)

    Normalized

    velocity

    profile

    When: s> 5 or z >T.I 1 (s) -.----= V

    2 1 +$y+fyP

    1(,\-) -=A V

    15 1 +!K 2

    where shear

    the dimensionless stress is

    Table

    A-5-Bingham

    plastic fluids.

    A-5

    WELL

    CEMENTING

    Pipe Flow Turbulent flow Expressions for


    Re,, n , k , dp/dz,

    Annular Flow Slot Appro%imation

    as a function of 0 are: For frictional pressure drop: Start with a guess value for dp/dz, Determine n and k Solve the lfr, ReMR,l or (fr, Re& equations paper law fluids with: Iterate till convergence is obtained Table A-5, continued-Bingham plastic fluids.

    implicit

    implicit

    11 =

    11

    II =

    I1

    li

    i 1
    ~ 4/z 377 -t 1

    k I

    ,( =

    i 1
    311 I
    27 + I

    ,< f

    A-6

    DlGEST

    OF RHEOLOGKAL

    EQUATIONS

    Pipe Flow Metzner and Reed Reynolds Number Re,,,,, = PVD p,, [ + (Dy) pv~,,)]

    Annular Flow Slot Approximation

    Laminar flow Reynolds number value for end of laminar flow Local power law

    3150I? = I-

    115on I 1 +6 VP/J D z,. II = 1-

    3150-

    II5011

    1 f (8V P,,): (9, - Di)z,,

    and consistency

    index

    Frictional

    pressure

    drop

    43 W,,
    -=dz JLD

    + A 30

    165,

    dl)= dz

    Turbulent flow Expressions for Re,, n , k, dp/dz as a funstion of Q are:

    implicit

    implicit

    Approximation for the critical rate for turbulent flow For frictional pressure drop: Start with a guess value for dp/dz Determine n and k Solve the (fr, ReMR) or (fr, ReAN) equation for power law fluids with: Iterate until convergence obtained Table A-643ingham is

    [l +Vl

    15oon PD 4 P +0.000307He]

    Q,

    4 15007-C iu 1 R+ 4 P [l + VI + 0.000231 He ] =

    11 = I?
    I k t

    11 = 11 k 8

    plastic fluids with v << 1.

    A-7

    WELL CEMENTING

    NOMENCLATURE D m pipe inner diameter pipe outer diameter, open hole Do,Di m diameter dpldz fr He k k 12 n Pa m-r Pa.s Pa.s m3 s-I

    m m s-

    distance from pipe axis or from plane symmetry of the slot velocity at a given distance from pipe axis or from plane of symmetry of the slot average velocity normalized distance from pipe axis 2r-/ D or from the plan of symmetry of the slot 2d/(Dt,-Di) shear rate shear rate at the wall Newtonian shear rate at the wall plastic viscosity of a Bingham plastic fluid shear stress shear stress at a normalized distances from pipe axis or from plane of symmetry of the slot shear stress at the wall yield stress of a Bingham plastic fluid dimensionless shear stress

    frictional pressure drop Fanning friction factor Hedstrom number Consistency Index for a power law fluid local Consistency Index Power Law Index for a power law fluid local Power Law Index flow rate critical flow rate for turbulent flow Reynolds number annular generalized Reynolds number Bingham Reynolds number Metzner and Reed Reynolds number critical Reynolds number for end of laminar flow critical Reynolds number for beginning of turbulent flow

    m s-l -

    s-1 s-1 s-1

    Q QC
    Re Rem R&c hm Rel Rez

    Pa s

    m3 s-l -

    kg m-3 fluid density Pa Pa

    Pa Pa -

    A-8

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