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Gustavo Forster

[email protected]

ABB Substation Automation Systems Brazil

RED 670 Line Differential Protection Terminal

SEPTUA/TTPS - 1 2004-04--28 - REL 571 1.0.ppt

www.abb.com/substationautomation

Features: RED670
Line differential terminal for:
All voltage levels OH-lines Cables Double circuit lines Series compensated lines Single and two pole tripping Optional protection functions Digital communication between line ends Route switched communication networks Easy upgrading from 2 terminal to tapped line protection

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 2

Line Differential Protection: RED670


Application Areas
Multi-terminal lines with communication to 4 remote line ends Multi-terminal lines with transformers in the protected zone Tapped lines Tapped lines with transformers Short lines Long lines with charging current compensation

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 3

Hardware Structure
Remote communication module with 4 ports Digital communication channels, 64 kbit/s, are required Possibility for redundant channels (for 2 to 3 terminals) Fibre optical module for dedicated fibres C37.94 optical module
CB1

AD1 NUM GSM BIM BIM BO M IOM MIM

PSM

TR M1

PSM

External G.703 converter (optical/electrical) Two local analogue inputs for differential protection Additional local inputs for complementary protection No external summation

CB2

CB3

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 4

Three Communication Alternatives


Optical fibres

RED 670

> <
Optical fibres

RED 670

Back-to-back C37.94 protocol Route switched systems PCM with C37.94 interface
C37.94 protocol from RED 670

RED 670

> <

PCM

Optical fibres

< 10 m
G703

RED 670

> <

External Modem 21-216

PCM

><

Optical/galvanic modem C37.94 protocol from RED 670 G703 64 kbit or G703E1 2 Mbit from modem to PCM

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 5

Route switched systems with REL 551/561


Tolerates different routes in forward and reverse direction only during switching Maximum transmission time T < 15 ms

< 0,2-0,5 ms difference continuous*

A
REL551/561
C E

C B
REL551/561
C E

*Depending on required sensitivity


Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 6

Route switched systems with RED 670


Tolerates unspecified route switching in telecommunication systems (SDH/PDH)
GPS system required for set up GPS loss tolerated with: Free-wheeling internal clocks Fall back to the echo method

GPS clock

D GPS clock GPS clock

A B

Maximum transmission time Td < 40 ms


Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 7

GPS clock

Main features for the differential protection Excellent tripping time <25 ms Completely phase segregated measurement Extremely stable for external faults Very good sensitivity for internal faults Flexible communication configuration
- back-to back systems - route switched systems with fixed transmission time in both directions using echo-synchronisation - telecommunication (SDH) systems with undefined route-switching using GPS synchronisation

Multifunction configuration
Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 8

Main features

Low CT requirements, Allowed CT ratio difference < 30:1 Differential algorithm not dependent on the number of connected lines Dual slope stabilisation Minimum operate current 10-150% Transfer trip can be sent to all terminals

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 9

Dual slope stabilisation

Idiff Normal condition

Imin

bias

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 10

REL 551/561 Current information

Fourier coefficient Iphase = f(t) = f(f) + f(f) f(f) = a*sin f t + b*cos f t


a and b transmitted and evaluated

Minimum transmission demand Maximum security Reduced influence from charging currents a and b transmitted every 5 ms

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 11

REL 551/561Trip Evaluation Logic


Evaluation every 5 ms Trip at 2 or 3 tripevaluations out of 4 evaluations a and b are transmitted together with check bits
Moving

Window
0 0 0 0 T T 0 T 0 0 0 0 0

5 ms

2/3 of 4

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 12

RED 670 Differential protection principle


Time tagged instantaneous sampled values Remote Communication Local anlogue inputs
Line end E Line end D Line end C Line end B Line end A2 Line end A1

Differential Protection algorithm

iin

I= O + charging current

iout

id
All currents iin , iout & id are calculated from phase current values from all line ends

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 13

RED 670 Differential protection principle


Remote Communication Local anlogue inputs
Time tagged instantaneous sampled phase currents values

Fourier filter

Current differential Transformer interturn fault


-negative sequence 2-20% of I base Block Trip

Start Trip

Transformer inrush blocking


- second harmonic - wave block - 5 th harmonic Block
Symmetrical components

on off

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 14

RED 670 Differential Trip Security


Sampled values collected every 1 ms Communication message sent every 5 ms Each communication message contains 5 sets of sampled values

Trip enabled with 5 consecutive sample sets calculated to trip 1 or 2 messages required depending on fault incidence point
0 0 0 T 3 4 5 0 0 0

T 1 2 3 4 5

1 2

5 ms

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 15

CT-Saturation Detector

Security at external fault Minimum CT requirement

-t CT-saturation detected

< K1

d dt < K 2

-t >K 3

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 16

Charging Current

Ic1

Idiff,false = Ic1 + Ic2

Ic2

RED 670

Communication

RED 670

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 17

Charging Current Compensation


Continuous estimation of differential current at nofault condition: Charging current Pre-fault charging current estimation kept during faults Subtraction of the false pre-fault differential currents
At low resistance faults the fault current is large: dominating over the charging current: Error in the charging current compensation has minor influence At high resistive faults the voltage is maintained and the charging current is close to the non-faulted case

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 18

Application examples
Power transformers can be applied within the protected zone

Id>

Id >

Small power transformers without a line differential terminal Time delayed differential function gives selective tripping for secondary side faults Instantaneous differential function for faults on the line

Id >

Id >

Id >

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 19

Application examples tapped lines


Two terminal applications 2-winding power transformer with connected small delta tertiary load. Two lines (cables).
CB 1 Line 1 D CB 2 Line 2

2-winding power transformer on tapped line. Two lines (cables).


CB 1 Line 1 Line 2 CB 2

Passive load
Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 20

Application examples multicircuit lines


Three terminal application. 3-winding power transformer with small delta tertiary. Three lines (cables).
CB 3 CB 1 Line 1 D Line 2 CB 2 Line 3

Four terminal application. 2-winding power transformer, small delta tertiary. Four lines (cables).
CB 1 Line 1 Line 2 CB 2 D Line 4 Line 3 CB 2 CB 3

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 21

Back- to- back communication Master-master configuration for a five terminal line

Id >

Id >

Id >

Id >

Id >

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 22

Application examples
Two terminal line with 1 breaker

Id>

Id>

Two terminal line with 1 breaker, redundant channels

Id>

Id> Primary channels Secondary channels

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 23

Application examples
Three terminal line with 1 breaker

Id >

Id >

Id >

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 24

5-terminal application in Sweden


The Protected Circuit (Sydkratfts 130 kV system)
1500/2 A CB 1

Sege, CurrentTerminal 1

15.5 km

Fault: L1 - E Rf = 50 4.8 km

Stjarneholm, Current Terminal 5


22.0 km CB 5 1200/2 A

Arrie, Current Terminal 2


CB 2 3000/2 A 12.9 km 2.9 km 3.9 km

Svedala, Current Terminal 4


CB 4 1000/2 A

CB 3 1000/2 A

Trelleborg, Current Terminal 3

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 25

Transformer Inrush Current Stabilisation


Transformer inrush current
B BR
8 6

Second harmonic stabilisation Wave form stabilisation - wave block


iL1 iL2

4 2

iL3

H
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

The second harmonic component appears as a characteristic quantity in a transformer inrush current. It is also possible to monitor the shape of a current signal

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 26

Transformer Inrush Current Stabilisation


Heavy internal fault

Second harmonic blocking normally causes delayed operation in case of CT saturation

CT saturation will cause a second harmonic component in the secondary current

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 27

Transformer Inrush Current Stabilisation How to avoid delayed trip for heavy internal faults?
Wave block dI/dt 0 in 4 ms Second harmonic stabilisation (10-25 %) - conditionally - always

Transformer switch on

Inactivate second harmonic blocking

Heavy external fault - Ibias > 1,25 Ir - No trip request Activated

60 seconds

Normal operation 6 seconds

Same as in RET 521


Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 28

Transforrmer Overvoltage Stabilization


The fifth harmonic component is used for stabilization B
3 2

Magnetizing current at system overvoltage

iL1 iL2

iL3
0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

H
-1 -2 -3

The fifth harmonic component appears as a characteristic quantity in the transformer magnetizing current during overvoltage.

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 29

Transfer trip
Comm.

U Dif ff. etc..

Trip R Trip S Trip T

Transfer trip.

Protection independent direct transfer trip Security achieved with bit check Separate transfer trip via the channel for the differential protection 8 transfer trip channels

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 30

Communication of binary signals


In each telegram there are eight binary signals freely configurable by the user in CAP configuration. These signals can be used for any purpose.

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 31

Multifunction features
Line differential protection for 2 to 5 terminal lines Back up distance protection Instantaneous non-directional phase overcurrent protection Time delayed 4 step directional/non-directional phase overcurrent protection Thermal overload protection Breaker failure protection Current circuit supervision Instantaneous non-directional residual overcurrent protection Time delayed 4 step directional/non-directional residual overcurrent protection

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 32

Multifunction features
Current circuit supervision Autorecloser 1- and/or 3-phase, single or double circuit breaker Synchro-check and energizing-check, single or double circuit breaker Disturbance recorder Trip value recorder Event recorder Service value reading U, I, P, Q, S, f, cosj, I diff, I bias, I remote Trip logic for single and three pole tripping of up to two breakers

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 33

Line Differential Protection


A differential current does not always mean a fault, but -

Idiff

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 34

Bertil Lundqvist 2005-09-07, slide 35

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