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    CH 12 Blood Cells

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    Alina Ghe
    Blood transports substances and maintains homeostasis in the body. It has two basic components - cells and plasma. The three main types of blood cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through hemoglobin and require iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12. White blood cells protect the body against disease in five types. Platelets help the blood clot and repair blood vessels. Plasma is mostly water but also contains nutrients, gases, and proteins important for blood clotting, pressure, immunity, and more.

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    CH 12 Blood Cells

    Uploaded by

    Alina Ghe
    30 views38 pages
    Blood transports substances and maintains homeostasis in the body. It has two basic components - cells and plasma. The three main types of blood cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through hemoglobin and require iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12. White blood cells protect the body against disease in five types. Platelets help the blood clot and repair blood vessels. Plasma is mostly water but also contains nutrients, gases, and proteins important for blood clotting, pressure, immunity, and more.

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    Ch 12 Blood Cells

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    Blood transports substances and maintains homeostasis in the body. It has two basic components - cells and plasma. The three main types of blood cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through hemoglobin and require iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12. White blood cells protect the body against disease in five types. Platelets help the blood clot and repair blood vessels. Plasma is mostly water but also contains nutrients, gases, and proteins important for blood clotting, pressure, immunity, and more.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    30 views38 pages

    CH 12 Blood Cells

    Uploaded by

    Alina Ghe
    Blood transports substances and maintains homeostasis in the body. It has two basic components - cells and plasma. The three main types of blood cells are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through hemoglobin and require iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12. White blood cells protect the body against disease in five types. Platelets help the blood clot and repair blood vessels. Plasma is mostly water but also contains nutrients, gases, and proteins important for blood clotting, pressure, immunity, and more.

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    BLOOD

    Blood transports substances and maintains homeostasis in the body

    Hematophobia = fear of blood

    Blood and Blood Cells


    Blood is a type of CONNECTIVE TISSUE It has two basic components: CELLS (rbc, wbc, platelets) = 45% Plasma (water, proteins, amino acids..etc) = 55%

    Hematocrit - volume of blood cells in a


    sample, should be 45%. The remaining fluid is plasma (55%). To determine the percentages, blood is placed in a centrifuge

    Three Types of Blood Cells red blood cells (erythrocytes) white blood cells (leukocytes) platelets (thrombocytes)

    Biconcave discs 5 million per cubic millimeter Lack nuclei

    HEMATOPOEISIS formation of blood cells (bone marrow) Liver & Spleen - phagocytosis

    Main Functions of RBCs


    Transports oxygen, picks up carbon dioxide HEMOGLOBIN - molecule that combines with O2 IRON is critical to synthesize hemoglobin

    Oxygen Levels
    Oxyhemoglobin = plenty of oxygen; bright red Deoxyhemoglobin = low in O2, bluish red

    It is a myth that deoxygenated blood appears blue.

    The blood on the left is oxygenated, the right is deoxygenated blood (from a vein) Source: Wikipedia Commons

    Elements Critical to RBC Production Folic Acid Vitamin B12 Iron

    Too few RBC = anemia

    WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes)


    General function is to protect the body against disease There are FIVE different kinds of WBCs
    Granulocytes (granular cytoplasm) Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils Agranulocytes (lacking granular cytoplasm) Monocytes, Lymphocytes

    Neutrophil (nucleus has several lobes)


    Active phagocytes 60% of WBC

    Present in the pus of wounds

    Basophil

    Produces Heparin and Histamines Important in Inflammatory Reaction 1% WBC

    Eosinophil
    Mainly attack parasites 2% WBC

    Monocyte
    (larger cell, horseshoe shaped nucleus)

    Become macrophages

    Lymphocyte
    (nucleus is dark and takes up almost whole cell; almost no cytoplasm seen)
    Defense against invaders

    Yield Antibodies 30% WBC

    Left: Lymphoctye | Right: Neutrophil

    Platelets (thrombocytes)
    Blood clots and vessel repair

    Plasma Proteins
    Albumins blood pressure Globulins (alpha, beta, gamma) transport lipids and antibodies for immunity Fibrinogen important for blood clotting

    MAJOR EVENT IN BLOOD CLOTTING =

    Fibrinogen converted to FIBRIN

    PLASMA
    The liquid portion of blood is 92% water Also contains nutrients, gases, vitamins (etc) and plasma proteins

    This machine removes the plasma from the blood and returns the RBCs to the donor.

    HEMOSTASIS
    The process of stopping bleeding Involves the coagulation and clotting of the blood to seal the site of damage

    THREE EVENTS IN HEMOSTASIS 1. Blood Vessel Spasm Seratonin = vasoconstrictor 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Blood coagulation conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin *thrombin is an enzyme that causes the conversion

    Hemostasis

    Blood Clot Formation Animated(Video) 2D animation Medivisual

    COAGULATION - the thickening of blood to form a clot (hematoma)

    THROMBUS blood clot (abnormal) EMBOLUS when the clot moves to another place.

    What is DVT? Video: Deep Vein Thrombosis

    What is a Pulmonary Embolism?

    Video: Pulmonary Embolism

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