CLOUD COMPUTING

DEPARTMENT TECHNOLOGY

OF

INFORMATION

PRESENTED BY, VIGNESH MUTHAIAH.S.R NATRAJ KUMAR.J

LATHA MATHAVAN ENGINEERINGOLLEGE, ALAGAR KOVIL MAIN ROAD, LATHA MATHAVANNAGAR, KIDARRIPATTI, MADURAI-625 301.

CONTENTS

History Introductions Comparisons Architecture Key features Layers Deployment models Service models Research References

HISTORY:The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to 1960s, when John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility". Almost all the modern day characteristics of cloud computing (elastic

provision, provided as a utility, online, illusion of infinite supply), the comparison to the electricity industry and the use of public, private, government and community forms was thoroughly explored in Douglas Park hills, 1966 book, "The Challenge of the Computer Utility"

The actual term "cloud" borrows from telephony in that telecommunications companies, who until the 1990s primarily offered dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering Virtual Private Network (VPN) services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost. By switching traffic to balance utilization as they saw fit they were able to utilize their overall network bandwidth more effectively. The cloud symbol was used to denote the demarcation point between that which was the responsibility of the provider from that of the user. Cloud computing extends this boundary to cover servers as well as the network infrastructure INTRODUCTIO NS:Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential

characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models. COMPARISONS: Cloud computing develop characteristics from, but should not be confused with: Autonomic computing "computer systems capable of self-management".[12] Clientserver model Clientserver computing refers broadly to any distributed application that distinguishes between service providers (servers) and service requesters (clients).[13] Grid computing "a form of distributed computing and parallel computing, whereby a 'super and virtual computer' is composed of a cluster of networked, loosely coupled computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks" Mainframe powerful computers used mainly by large organizations for critical applications, typically bulk data processing such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.[14] Utility computing the "packaging of computing resources, such as computation and storage,

as a metered service similar to a traditional public utility, such as electricity";[15] Peer-to-peer a distributed architecture without the need for central coordination, with Architecture:Cloud architecture, the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of cloud computing, typically involves multiple cloud components communicating with each other over application programming interfaces, usually web services. This resembles the Unix philosophy of having multiple programs each doing one thing well and working together over universal interfaces. Complexity is controlled and the resulting systems are more manageable than their monolithic counterparts. The two most significant components of cloud computing architecture are known as the front end and the back end. The front end is the part seen by the client, i.e. the computer user. This includes the clients network (or computer) and the applications used to access the cloud via a user interface such as Internet Explorer. The back end of

participants being at the same time both suppliers and consumers of resources (in contrast to the traditional clientserver model).

the cloud computing architecture is the cloud itself, comprising various computers, servers and data storage devices.

Key Features: Agility improves with users' ability to rapidly and inexpensively reprovision technological infrastructure resources. Cost is claimed to be greatly reduced and capital expenditure is converted to operational expenditure. This ostensibly lowers barriers to entry, as

infrastructure is typically provided by a third-party and does not need to be purchased for onetime or infrequent intensive computing tasks. Pricing on a utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-based options and fewer IT skills are required for implementation (inhouse). Device and location independence enable users to Cloud computing sample architecture

access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they are using (e.g., PC, mobile). As infrastructure is off-site (typically provided by a thirdparty) and accessed via the Internet, users can connect from anywhere. Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs across a large pool of users thus allowing for:

o Centralizat ion of infrastructur e in locations with lower costs (such as real estate, electricity, etc.) o Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest

possible load-levels) o Utilization and efficiency improveme nts for systems that are often only 10 20% utilized. Reliability is improved if multiple redundant sites are used, which makes well designed cloud

computing suitable for business continuity and disaster recovery. Nonetheless, many major cloud computing services have suffered outages, and IT and business managers can at times do little when they are affected. Scalability via dynamic ("ondemand") provisioning of resources on a finegrained, selfservice basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads. Security could improve due to centralization of data, increased security-focused resources, etc., but concerns can persist about loss of control over certain sensitive data, and the lack of security for stored kernels, Providers typically log accesses, but accessing the audit logs themselves can be difficult or impossible. Furthermore, the complexity of security is greatly increased when data is distributed

over a wider area and / or number of devices. Maintenance cloud computing applications are easier to maintain, since they don't have to be installed on each user's computer. They are easier to support and to improve since the changes reach the clients instantly. Metering cloud computing resources usage should be measurable and should be metered per client and application on daily, weekly, monthly, and annual basis. This will enable clients on choosing the vendor cloud on cost and reliability (QoS). Layers:-

Client A cloud client consists of computer hardware and/or computer software that relies on cloud computing for application delivery, or that is specifically designed for delivery of cloud services and that, in either case, is essentially useless without it.

Examples include some computers, phones and

other devices, operating systems and browsers. infrastructure services or "Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)" delivers computer infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment as a service. Rather than purchasing servers, software, data center space or network equipment, clients instead buy those resources as a fully outsourced service. Server The servers layer consists of computer hardware and/or computer software products that are specifically designed for the delivery of cloud services, including multicore processors, cloudspecific operating systems and combined offerings

Application Cloud application services or "Software as a Service (SaaS)" deliver software as a service over the Internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application on the customer's own computers and simplifying maintenance and support. Key characteristics include: Platform Cloud platform services or "Platform as a Service (PaaS)" deliver a computing Cloud

D
e pl o y m e nt m o d el s: -

C loud computi ng types Private cloud. The cloud

Public cloud. The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services. Hybrid cloud. The cloud infrastructur e is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain

infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise. Commun ity cloud. The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). unique entities but are bound together by standardize d or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for loadbalancing between clouds).
Service Models:

Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to use the providers applications running on a cloud infrastructur e. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., webbased email). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructur e including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities,

with the possible exception of limited userspecific application configuratio n settings. Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations. Cloud Infrastruct ure as a Service (IaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to provision

processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications . The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructur e but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications , and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).

Research:Recently,In July 2010, HP Labs India announced a new cloud-based technology designed to simplify taking content and making it mobile-enabled, even from low-end devices. Called Site on Mobile, the new technology is designed for emerging markets where people are more likely to access the internet via mobile phones rather than computers. The IEEE Technical Committee on Services Computing in IEEE Computer Society sponsors the IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUDCLOUD 2010 was held on July 510, 2010 in Miami, Florida.

Cloud computing
Clients Browser (Desktop Laptop Handheld) Net book Net top

Google Apps Intact Applications Microsoft Online Net Suite Sales Force Platforms App Engine Upscale

clouds". The Economist. 200910-15. http://www.econom ist.com/displaystor EC2 Cloud storage y.cfm? gateway Eucalyptus Infrastructur story_id=14637206 Flexi Scale Go Grid e . Retrieved 2009Nimbus Open Stack 11-03. Rack space Cloud 9. Cloud Computing Defined Computer network 07/17/2010. Security Datacenters Technologies Retrieved Cloud storage Internet 07/26/2010. Structured storage 10. http://www.sellsbro thers.com/writing/i References:ntro2tapi/default.as px? content=pstn.htm 1. www.google.com 2. www.wikipedia.co m 3. www.computerwee kly.com 4. www.platform.com 5. Distinguishing Cloud Computing from Utility Computing 6. Gartner Says Cloud Computing Will Be As Influential As E-business 7. Gruman, Galen (2008-04-07). "What cloud computing really means". InfoWorld. http://www.infowor ld.com/d/cloudcomputing/whatcloud-computingreally-means-031. Retrieved 2009-0602. 8. "Cloud Computing: Clash of the Azure Engine Yard Force.com Right Scale S3 SimpleDB