FZ Uxy Ivxy Z X Iy FZ Z FZ FZ Z Xiy FZ Cy Yxx Z X Cxxy y Ziy
FZ Uxy Ivxy Z X Iy FZ Z FZ FZ Z Xiy FZ Cy Yxx Z X Cxxy y Ziy
FZ Uxy Ivxy Z X Iy FZ Z FZ FZ Z Xiy FZ Cy Yxx Z X Cxxy y Ziy
z0 + z
u v ( x0 , y0 ) + ( x0 , y0 ) . y y
Cauchy-Riemann Equations u v x = y u = v x y Theorem 4 A necessary condition for a function f ( z ) = u ( x, y ) + iv ( x, y ) to be differentiable at a point z0 is that the Cauchy-Riemann equations hold at z0 . Consequently, if f is analytic in an open set G , then the Cauchy-Riemann equations must hold at every point of G . Application of Theorem 4 To show that a function is NOT analytic, it suffices to show that the Cauchy-Riemann equations are not satisfied. Example 1 2 2 Show that the function f ( z ) = x + y + i y x is not analytic at any point.
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Theorem 5 Let f ( z ) = u ( x, y ) + iv ( x, y ) be defined in some open set G containing the point z0 . If the first partial derivatives of u and v exist in G , are continuous at z0 , and satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann equations at z0 , then f is differentiable at z0 . Consequently, if the first partial derivatives are continuous and satisfy the CauchyRiemann equations at all points of G , then f is analytic in G . Example 2 z x Prove that the function f ( z ) = e = e ( cos y + i sin y ) is entire, and find its derivative.
Theorem 6 If f ( z ) is analytic in a domain D and if f ( z ) = 0 everywhere in D , then f ( z ) is constant in D . Recall Theorem (1.6) Let D be a domain and u : D R2 R . u u ( x, y ) = ( x, y ) = 0 ( x, y ) D , then u constant in D . If x y