Live Case study

I.MAX.; Hyderabad.
Location: Hyderabad
Architect: raja aderi and associates
 Building typology:
Building is designed to serve purpose of six screen multiplex and
shopping mall

Objective:
Building is studied in relevance with the topic envelope, the designed
building has sloping glass façade on North West side covering entrance
foyer, the objective is to study thermal performance of the glass
envelope.
As the location Hyderabad is in composite in nature, the study will help
identifying solutions for building envelope for the climate

ENVELOPE A ENVELOPE B
GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

SECTION THRO SCREEN

SECTION THRO ENTRANCE FOYER

GLAZING DETAIL
CALCULATIONS AND OBSERVATIONS

COMPOSITE CLIMATE
Latitude- 17°27' N MSL (M) 545
Sr.no Jan May Aug
A Temperature
Mean Monthly Max. 26.8 36.7 27
Mean Monthly Min. 18.4 29.8 24
Diurnal range 8.4 6.9 3
B Relative Humidity%
Morning 75 49 82
Evening 36 26 68

F Precipitation(mm)
Mean Monthly Rainfall 3.2 37.3 171.1
Annual Rainfall 812.5
G Climatic zone CO-VHU T-HU T-VHU
H Comfrot Condition

INCIDENT DIRECT RADIATION ON HORIZONTAL SURFACE

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
1AM
2AM
3AM
4AM
5AM
6AM 0 42 92 95 116 121 79 40 47 56 30 0
7AM 57 83 115 150 177 238 101 50 58 63 61 56
8AM 76 156 252 276 286 238 163 93 128 127 112 91
9AM 287 334 389 403 394 311 224 135 198 231 242 248
10AM 516 521 527 534 502 385 286 179 338 336 379 561
11AM 688 688 664 640 579 421 330 215 338 434 500 561
12 726 855 733 663 579 440 343 215 349 448 515 577
1PM 688 688 664 640 579 421 330 215 338 434 500 561
2PM 516 521 527 534 502 385 286 179 338 336 379 432
3PM 287 334 389 403 394 311 224 135 198 231 242 248
4PM 76 156 252 276 286 238 163 93 128 127 112 91
5PM 57 83 115 150 177 238 101 50 58 63 61 56
6PM 0 42 92 95 116 121 79 40 47 56 30 0
7PM
8PM
9PM
10PM
11PM
12

INCIDENT RADIATION ON NORTH WEST SURFACE

DAILY MEAN
GM- INCREASED
MONTH CAL/CM²/DAY WATTS/M² MSL WATTs/M²
JAN 291.00 3767.00 205.30 3972.30
FEB 267.00 3456.32 188.37 3644.68
MAR 231.00 2990.30 162.97 3153.27
APR 183.00 2368.94 129.11 2498.04
MAY 134.00 1734.63 94.54 1829.17
JUN 110.00 1423.95 77.61 1501.56
JUL 118.00 1527.51 83.25 1610.76
AUG 157.00 2032.37 110.76 2143.13
SEP 209.00 2705.51 147.45 2852.96
OCT 247.00 3197.42 174.26 3371.67
NOV 281.00 3637.55 198.25 3835.79
DEC 296.00 3831.72 208.83 4040.55

SKY FINAL
INCREASED CLEARENCE DAILY 15% DIFFUSE
MONTH WATTS/M² % RAD. RADIATION
JAN 3972.30 71.30 2832.25 2836.50
FEB 3644.68 67.63 2464.72 2468.41
MAR 3153.27 63.95 2016.51 2019.54
APR 2498.04 60.28 1505.69 1507.95
MAY 1829.17 56.60 1035.31 1036.86
JUN 1501.56 44.30 665.19 666.19
JUL 1610.76 32.00 515.44 516.22
AUG 2143.13 19.70 422.20 422.83
SEP 2852.96 30.80 878.71 880.03
OCT 3371.67 41.90 1412.73 1414.85
NOV 3835.79 53.00 2032.97 2036.02
DEC 4040.55 62.15 2511.20 2514.97

JAN 2836.50
TIME % WATTS/M²
6AM/6PM 0.00 0.00
7AM /5PM 1.50 42.55
8AM/4PM 2.00 56.73
9AM/3PM 7.50 212.74
10AM/2PM 13.50 382.93
11AM/1PM 18.00 510.57
12NOON 19.00 538.93

MAY 1036.86
TIME % WATTS/M²
6AM/6PM 2.50 25.92
7AM /5PM 3.82 39.61
8AM/4PM 6.17 63.97
9AM/3PM 8.50 88.13
10AM/2PM 10.83 112.29
11AM/1PM 12.50 129.61
12NOON 12.50 129.61

AUG 422.83
TIME % WATTS/M²
6AM/6PM 2.50 10.57
7AM /5PM 3.16 13.36
8AM/4PM 5.83 24.65
9AM/3PM 8.50 35.94
10AM/2PM 11.27 47.65
11AM/1PM 13.50 57.08
12NOON 13.50 57.08

INCIDENT DIRECT RADIATION ON SOUTH SURFACE

DAILY MEAN
GM-
CAL/CM²/DA INCREASED
MONTH Y WATTS/M² MSL WATTs/M²
JAN 28.00 362.46 19.75 382.21
FEB 54.00 699.03 38.10 737.13
MAR 99.00 1281.56 69.84 1351.40
APR 155.00 2006.48 109.35 2115.83
MAY 202.00 2614.89 142.51 2757.40
JUN 226.00 2925.57 159.44 3085.01
JUL 218.00 2822.01 153.80 2975.81
AUG 182.00 2355.99 128.40 2484.39
SEP 126.00 1631.07 88.89 1719.96
OCT 75.00 970.88 52.91 1023.79
NOV 38.00 491.91 26.81 518.72
DEC 23.00 297.74 16.23 313.96

INCREASED SKY FINAL 15% DIFFUSE

MONTH WATTS/M² CLEARENCE DAILY RAD. RADIATION
JAN 382.21 71.30 272.52 272.93
FEB 737.13 67.63 498.48 499.23
MAR 1351.40 63.95 864.22 865.52
APR 2115.83 60.28 1275.32 1277.23
MAY 2757.40 56.60 1560.69 1563.03
JUN 3085.01 44.30 1366.66 1368.71
JUL 2975.81 32.00 952.26 953.69
AUG 2484.39 19.70 489.43 490.16
SEP 1719.96 30.80 529.75 530.54
OCT 1023.79 41.90 428.97 429.61
NOV 518.72 53.00 274.92 275.33
DEC 313.96 62.15 195.13 195.42

JAN 272.93
TIME % WATTS/M²
6AM/6PM 0.00 0.00
7AM /5PM 1.50 4.09
8AM/4PM 2.00 5.46
9AM/3PM 7.50 20.47
10AM/2PM 13.50 36.85
11AM/1PM 18.00 49.13
12NOON 19.00 51.86

MAY 1563.03
TIME % WATTS/M²
6AM/6PM 2.50 39.08
7AM /5PM 3.82 59.71
8AM/4PM 6.17 96.44
9AM/3PM 8.50 132.86
10AM/2PM 10.83 169.28
11AM/1PM 12.50 195.38
12NOON 12.50 195.38

AUG 490.16
TIME % WATTS/M²
6AM/6PM 2.50 12.25
7AM /5PM 3.16 15.49
8AM/4PM 5.83 28.58
9AM/3PM 8.50 41.66
10AM/2PM 11.27 55.24
11AM/1PM 13.50 66.17
12NOON 13.50 66.17

ENVELOPE PROPERTIES

U VALUE OF WALL ENVELOPE A

R VALUE OF
MATERIAL FOR U
SECTION MATERIAL THICKNESS GIVEN THK VALUE
IN INCHES W/K,M2
INTERNAL AIR FILM _ 0.68
GLASS 0.50 0.19
EXTERNAL AIR FILM _ 0.17
1.04 0.97
U VALUE OF WALL ENVELOPE C
R VALUE OF
MATERIAL FOR U
SECTION MATERIAL THICKNESS GIVEN THK VALUE
IN INCHES W/K,M2
INTERNAL AIR FILM _ 0.68
INTERNAL PLASTER 0.60 0.17
BK WALL 9.06 0.19
AIR CAVITY 13.19 1.45
BK WALL 4.53 0.80
EXTERNAL PLASTER 0.50 0.17
EXTERNAL AIR FILM _ 0.17
3.63 0.28

TEMP IN SIDE
MONTH TEMP OUT SIDE (REQUIRED) Δt
ºc ºF ºc ºF ºc ºF
JAN 18.00 64.40 20.00 68.00 2.00 3.60
FEB 21.00 69.80 22.00 75.20 1.00 5.40
MAR 25.00 77.00 25.00 77.00 0.00 0.00
APR 35.00 95.00 25.00 77.00 10.00 18.00
MAY 36.70 98.06 24.00 75.20 12.70 22.86
JUNE 31.80 89.24 24.00 75.20 7.80 14.04
JULY 28.40 83.12 23.00 73.40 5.40 9.72
AUG 27.00 80.60 23.00 73.40 4.00 7.20
SEPT 27.80 82.04 23.00 73.40 4.80 8.64
OCT 24.30 75.74 22.00 71.60 2.30 4.14
NOV 21.60 70.88 22.00 71.60 0.40 0.72
DEC 18.60 65.48 20.00 68.00 1.40 2.52

WALL ENVELOPE A
JANURY
TEMP AT
OUTER EDG
TEMP DROP OF
COMPONEN ∑ R FROM FROM IN COMPONEN
T R VALUE IN SIDE SIDE T ºF TEMP IN ºc
INNER AIR
FILM 0.68 0.68 2.36 65.64 18.82
GLASS 0.19 0.87 3.01 64.99 18.29
OUTER AIR
FILM 0.17 1.04 3.60 64.40 18.00
TOTAL 1.04

MAY
TEMP AT
INNER EDG
TEMP DROP OF
COMPONEN ∑ R FROM FROM OUT COMPONEN
T R VALUE OUT SIDE SIDE T ºF TEMP IN ºc
OUTER AIR
FILM 0.17 0.17 3.75 94.31 34.82
GLASS 0.19 0.36 7.84 90.22 31.50
INNER AIR
FILM 0.68 1.04 22.86 75.20 24.00
TOTAL 1.04

AUG
TEMP AT
INNER EDG
TEMP DROP OF
COMPONEN ∑ R FROM FROM OUT COMPONEN
T R VALUE OUT SIDE SIDE T ºF TEMP IN ºc
OUTER AIR
FILM 0.17 0.17 1.18 79.42 26.40
GLASS 0.19 0.36 2.47 78.13 25.36
INNER AIR
FILM 0.68 1.04 7.20 73.40 23.00
TOTAL 1.04

WALL ENVELOPE C
JANURY
TEMP DROP TEMP AT OUTER
COMPONEN R ∑ R FROM IN FROM IN EDG OF TEMP IN
T VALUE SIDE SIDE COMPONENT ºF ºc
INTERNAL
AIR FILM 0.7 0.68 0.67 67.33 19.62
INTERNAL
PLASTER 0.2 0.85 0.84 67.16 19.53
BK WALL 0.2 1.04 1.03 66.97 19.42
AIR CAVITY 1.5 2.49 2.47 65.53 18.62
BK WALL 0.8 3.29 3.26 64.74 18.18
EXTERNAL
PLASTER 0.2 3.46 3.43 64.57 18.09
EXTERNAL
AIR FILM 0.2 3.63 3.60 64.40 18.00
3.6

MAY
TEMP DROP TEMP AT INNER
COMPONEN R ∑ R FROM FROM OUT EDG OF TEMP IN
T VALUE OUT SIDE SIDE COMPONENT ºF ºc
EXTERNAL
AIR FILM 0.2 0.17 1.07 96.99 36.10
EXTERNAL
PLASTER 0.2 0.34 2.14 95.92 35.51
BK WALL 0.8 1.14 7.18 90.88 32.71
AIR CAVITY 1.5 2.59 16.31 81.75 27.63
BK WALL 0.2 2.78 17.51 80.55 26.97
INTERNAL
PLASTER 0.2 2.95 18.58 79.48 26.37
INNER AIR
FILM 0.7 3.63 22.86 75.20 24.00
3.6

AUG
TEMP DROP TEMP AT INNER
COMPONEN R ∑ R FROM FROM OUT EDG OF TEMP IN
T VALUE OUT SIDE SIDE COMPONENT ºF ºc
EXTERNAL
AIR FILM 0.2 0.17 0.34 80.26 26.81
EXTERNAL
PLASTER 0.2 0.34 0.67 79.93 26.62
BK WALL 0.8 1.14 2.26 78.34 25.74
AIR CAVITY 1.5 2.59 5.14 75.46 24.14
BK WALL 0.2 2.78 5.51 75.09 23.93
INTERNAL
PLASTER 0.2 2.95 5.85 74.75 23.75
INNER AIR
FILM 0.7 3.63 7.20 73.40 23.00
3.6
ENVELOPE HEAT TRANSFER

ENVELOPE A ENVELOPE C
R VALUE 1.04 3.63
U VALUE 0.97 0.28

PERCENTAGE IN
DOUBLE GLAZING 90.00 23.55
EXPOSED SKIN
AREA TO FLOOR
AREA 1.69 0.96

ENVELOPE A ENVELOPE C
2
W/KM OF FLOOR
SKIN HEAT FLOW AREA 4.10 1.05

TOTAL HEAT GAIN 4059.00 1039.50

NORTHEAST/ NORTH WEST

SHADING SHADING
SOLAR COEFF X COEFFICIENTS:
HEAT SHADING
GAIN % COEFF
FACTOR GLAZING GLASS
JAN 272.93 Glass
FEB 499.23 Clear 0.71 to
MAR 865.52 0.87
APR 1277.23 Tinted 0.45 to
MAY 1563.03 0.74
JUNE 1368.71 Heat absorbing 0.34 to
JULY 953.69 0.83
Interior shades
AUG 490.16
Venetian blinds 0.45 to
SEPT 530.54
0.55
Curtains 0.40 to
OCT 429.61 0.60
NOV 275.33 Exterior shades
Egg crate 0.10
Horizontal over 0.20 to
hang 0.50
Vertical fins 0.10 to
0.30
DEC 195.42 90.00 0.74 Awnings 0.15

SOUTH WEST
SHADING
SOLAR COEFF X
HEAT SHADING
GAIN % COEFF
FACTOR GLAZING GLASS
JAN 2836.50
FEB 2468.41
MAR 2019.54
APR 1507.95
MAY 1036.86
JUNE 666.19
JULY 516.22
AUG 422.83
SEPT 880.03
OCT 1414.85
NOV 2036.02
DEC 2514.97 23.55 0.74

GAIN THROUGH NORTH WEST

JAN 272.93
SOLAR HEAT TOTAL GAIN SKIN
TIME % WATTS/M² GAIN AREA(1505) X GAIN
6AM/6PM 0.00 0.00
7AM /5PM 1.50 4.09 0.00
8AM/4PM 2.00 5.46 0.00
9AM/3PM 7.50 20.47 16.00 24080.00
10AM/2PM 13.50 36.85 18.00 27090.00
11AM/1PM 18.00 49.13 23.00 34615.00
12NOON 19.00 51.86 25.00 37625.00

MAY 1563.03
TIME % WATTS/M²
6AM/6PM 2.50 39.08 10.00 15050.00
7AM /5PM 3.82 59.71 29.00 43645.00
8AM/4PM 6.17 96.44 51.00 76755.00
9AM/3PM 8.50 132.86 79.00 118895.00
10AM/2PM 10.83 169.28 95.00 142975.00
11AM/1PM 12.50 195.38 120.00 180600.00
12NOON 12.50 195.38 120.00 180600.00

AUG 490.16
TIME % WATTS/M²
6AM/6PM 2.50 12.25 0.00
7AM /5PM 3.16 15.49 0.00
8AM/4PM 5.83 28.58 0.00
9AM/3PM 8.50 41.66 30.00 45150.00
10AM/2PM 11.27 55.24 35.00 52675.00
11AM/1PM 13.50 66.17 42.50 63962.50
12NOON 13.50 66.17 42.50 63962.50

GAIN THROUGH SOUTH WEST

JAN 2836.50
SOLAR HEAT TOTAL GAIN SKIN
TIME % WATTS/M² GAIN AREA(289) X GAIN
6AM/6PM 0.00 0.00 0.00
7AM /5PM 1.50 42.55 20.00 5780.00
8AM/4PM 2.00 56.73 23.00 6647.00
9AM/3PM 7.50 212.74 70.00 20230.00
10AM/2PM 13.50 382.93 105.00 30345.00
11AM/1PM 18.00 510.57 170.00 49130.00
12NOON 19.00 538.93 195.00 56355.00

MAY 1036.86
TIME % WATTS/M²
6AM/6PM 2.50 25.92 10.00 2890.00
7AM /5PM 3.82 39.61 19.00 5491.00
8AM/4PM 6.17 63.97 51.00 14739.00
9AM/3PM 8.50 88.13 79.00 22831.00
10AM/2PM 10.83 112.29 95.00 27455.00
11AM/1PM 12.50 129.61 120.00 34680.00
12NOON 12.50 129.61 120.00 34680.00

AUG 422.83
TIME % WATTS/M²
6AM/6PM 2.50 10.57 0.00 0.00
7AM /5PM 3.16 13.36 0.00 0.00
8AM/4PM 5.83 24.65 9.00 2601.00
9AM/3PM 8.50 35.94 17.00 4913.00
10AM/2PM 11.27 47.65 22.00 6358.00
11AM/1PM 13.50 57.08 24.00 6936.00
12NOON 13.50 57.08 24.00 6936.00
INTERIOR ILLUMINANCE
Terminology
Exterior vertical illuminance at window
Exvk from half sky
Exterior horizontal illuminance at window
ExHk from full sky
Exterior horizontal illuminance at window
Exhk from half sky
window from groundExterior vertical
Exvg illuminance at window from ground
T Net transmittance of the window
CUk Coefficient of utilization for sky light
CUg Coefficient of utilization for ground light
Ei Interior illuminance

HYDRAB
LOCATION AD

17°27'
LATTITUDE N

SIZE OF FLOOR PLATE 990SQM

TRANSMITTANCE 0.450
NET GLASS AREA 0.900

GROUND REFLECTANCE
CONCRE PAVING
GRASS TE %
0.170

STEP1

Solar altitude
JAN. 21 – 40
MAY. 21 - 85
AUG.21 85

Vertical window illuminance Klux LUX

JAN. 21: Exvk 6.000 6000.000
MAY. 21: Exvk 16.000 16000.000
AUG. 21: Exvk 16.000 16000.000

Horizontal illuminance from full sky

JAN. 21: ExHk 15.000 15000.000
105000.00
MAY. 21: ExHk 105.000 0
AUG. 21: ExHk 60.000 60000.000

JAN. 21: Exhk 7500.000

MAY. 21: Exhk 52500.000
AUG. 21: Exhk 30000.000
Vertical illuminance Exvg = RFg x ExHk / 2
ExHk RFg Exvg
15000.00 1275.0
JAN. 21: 0 0.170 00
105000.0 8925.0
MAY. 21: 00 0.170 00
60000.00 5100.0
AUG. 21: 0 0.170 00
Vertical illuminance Exvg = RFg x ExHk / 2
ExHk RFg Exvg
0.00
JAN. 21: 0.000 0.170 0
0.00
MAY. 21: 0.000 0.170 0
0.00
AUG. 21: 0.000 0.000 0

Glass transmittance 0.450 0.450

LLF 0.800 0.800
Net glass area 0.900 0.900

TOTAL TRANSMITANCE 0.324

STEP-3 Selection of Coefficients of Utilization

Exvk/Exhk JAN MAY AUG

0.800 0.305 0.533

ROOM DEPTH/WIN HT 0.640

WIN WIDTH/WIN HT 1.260
sky component (Cuk)
JAN MAY AUG
depth % Cuk Cug Cuk Cug Cuk Cug
0.14 0.86 0.14
10.000 0.865 0.147 0.865 7 5 7
0.16 0.72 0.16
30.000 0.729 0.168 0.729 8 9 8
0.18 0.60 0.18
50.000 0.600 0.180 0.600 0 0 0
0.17 0.41 0.17
70.000 0.418 0.179 0.418 9 8 9
0.15 0.33 0.15
90.000 0.332 0.159 0.332 9 2 9
 Calculate interior illuminance for each of the five
STEP-4 reference points

E = T (Exvk x CUk +
Exvg x CUg)

JAN. 21 –
REFERENCE POINT T Exvk Cuk Exvg Cug E
6000.00 1275.0 0.14 1742
10.000 0.324 0 0.865 00 7 .3
6000.00 1275.0 0.16 1486
30.000 0.324 0 0.729 00 8 .6
6000.00 1275.0 0.18 1240
50.000 0.324 0 0.600 00 0 .8
6000.00 1275.0 0.17 886.
70.000 0.324 0 0.418 00 9 5
6000.00 1275.0 0.15 711.
90.000 0.324 0 0.332 00 9 1

MAY. 21 –
REFERENCE POINT T Exvk Cuk Exvg Cug E
 16000.0 8925.0 0.14 4909
10.000 0.324 00 0.865 00 7 .2
16000.0 8925.0 0.16 4264
30.000 0.324 00 0.729 00 8 .9
16000.0 8925.0 0.18 3630
50.000 0.324 00 0.600 00 0 .9
16000.0 8925.0 0.17 2684
70.000 0.324 00 0.418 00 9 .5
16000.0 8925.0 0.15 2180
90.000 0.324 00 0.332 00 9 .9

AUG. 21 –
REFERENCE POINT T Exvk Cuk Exvg Cug E
16000.0 5100.0 0.14 4727
10.000 0.324 00 0.865 00 7 .1
16000.0 5100.0 0.16 4056
30.000 0.324 00 0.729 00 8 .7
16000.0 5100.0 0.18 3407
50.000 0.324 00 0.600 00 0 .8
16000.0 5100.0 0.17 2462
70.000 0.324 00 0.418 00 9 .7
16000.0 5100.0 0.15 1983
90.000 0.324 00 0.332 00 9 .8