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    Lab Report 2

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    Sudarshana Mukhopadhyay
    This document summarizes an experiment on energy losses in pipe bends. The key findings are: 1) Head loss coefficients for long bends are less than for short bends due to more gradual changes in flow direction. 2) Area of flow remains the same for different bends, so no additional static head is induced. 3) Head loss across pipe fittings varies as the square of velocity based on the Weisbach equation. Reynolds numbers were above 2000, indicating turbulent flow. 4) Loss coefficients can be treated as constant for a given fitting, as values remained similar with varying velocity and head loss according to published data.

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    Lab Report 2

    Uploaded by

    Sudarshana Mukhopadhyay
    9K views3 pages
    This document summarizes an experiment on energy losses in pipe bends. The key findings are: 1) Head loss coefficients for long bends are less than for short bends due to more gradual changes in flow direction. 2) Area of flow remains the same for different bends, so no additional static head is induced. 3) Head loss across pipe fittings varies as the square of velocity based on the Weisbach equation. Reynolds numbers were above 2000, indicating turbulent flow. 4) Loss coefficients can be treated as constant for a given fitting, as values remained similar with varying velocity and head loss according to published data.

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    report on energy losses in bends.

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    This document summarizes an experiment on energy losses in pipe bends. The key findings are: 1) Head loss coefficients for long bends are less than for short bends due to more gradual changes in flow direction. 2) Area of flow remains the same for different bends, so no additional static head is induced. 3) Head loss across pipe fittings varies as the square of velocity based on the Weisbach equation. Reynolds numbers were above 2000, indicating turbulent flow. 4) Loss coefficients can be treated as constant for a given fitting, as values remained similar with varying velocity and head loss according to published data.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9K views3 pages

    Lab Report 2

    Uploaded by

    Sudarshana Mukhopadhyay
    This document summarizes an experiment on energy losses in pipe bends. The key findings are: 1) Head loss coefficients for long bends are less than for short bends due to more gradual changes in flow direction. 2) Area of flow remains the same for different bends, so no additional static head is induced. 3) Head loss across pipe fittings varies as the square of velocity based on the Weisbach equation. Reynolds numbers were above 2000, indicating turbulent flow. 4) Loss coefficients can be treated as constant for a given fitting, as values remained similar with varying velocity and head loss according to published data.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    CE 612 Fluid Mechanics Laboratory

    Report on Experiment:

    Energy losses in Bends


    By Sudarshana Mukhopadhyay Roll No 12103060 1st Semester, M. Tech.

    Department of Civil engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur

    Comments: Head loss coefficient K for long bend is less than that for short bend. This is due to gradual change in direction of flow in case of long bends. Area of flow remains same for the bends. Therefore no additional static head is induced. For bends = (, )

    Q. What is the dependence of head losses across pipe fittings upon velocity? Ans. Head loss across a pipe fitting is given by = 2 .From this it is obvious that the head loss varies as the square of the velocity. In the plot of head loss against dynamic head (2 ) same trend can be observed. This dependence of head loss upon velocity also depends on the pipe fittings under consideration. As can be seen from the plots, curves for different pipe bend and fitting have different slope. Q. Examining the Reynolds number obtained, are the flows laminar or turbulent?
    2 2

    Ans. Reynolds number is given by = 4

    Where Q = discharge, = kinematic

    viscosity of water, D= diameter of pipe. Value of Reynolds number has been shown in tabular form. As Reynolds number is always greater than 2000, the flow of water throughout the experiment was turbulent. Q. Is it justifiable to treat the loss coefficient as constant for a given fitting? Ans. Yes. For a given pipe fitting K can be treated as a constant. Value of K remains almost same for different velocity and head loss values for a given pipe fitting. Crane Company (Crane Company, Flow of fluids, Tech. Paper 409, 1942) published a summary of representative head loss coefficients for typical pipe fittings. In case of sudden contraction, value of Cc (contraction coefficient) can be determined Weisbach equation. Value of Cc depends on the ration of contracted pipe area to the initial pipe area. So for a given ratio, Cc and hence K can be regarded as constant.

    Plot of head loss against dynamic head


    0.05 0.045 0.04 0.035 0.03 0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005 0 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

    Head loss (m)

    long bend short bend Enlargement Contraction

    Dynamic head (v2/2g)

    Plot of K against Q
    2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 head loss coefficient K

    Long bend short bend Enlargement Contraction

    Discharge Q (m3/s)

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