Media of India consist of several different types of Indian communications media: television, radio, cinema, newspapers, magazines, and

Internet-basedWeb sites. Many of the media are controlled by large, for-profit corporations who reap revenue from advertising, subscriptions, and sale of copyrightedmaterial. India also has a strong music and film industry. India has more than 70,000 newspapers and over 500 satellite channels (more than [1] 80 are news channels) and is the biggest newspaper market in the world - over 100 million copies sold each day. The Indian media was initiated since the late 18th century with print media started in 1780, radio broadcasting initiated in 1927, and the screening ofAuguste and Louis Lumire moving pictures in Bombay initiated [2] during the July 1895 is among the oldest and largest media of the world. Indian mediaprivate media in [3] particularhas been "free and independent" throughout most of its history. The period of emergency (19751977), declared by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, was the brief period when India's media was faced with potential [3][4] government retribution. The French NGO Reporters Without Borders compiles and publishes an annual ranking of countries based upon the organisation's assessment of theirpress freedom records. In 2011-12 India was ranked 131st out of 179th countries, [5] which was a setback from the preceding year.

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Media of India
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Publicity poster for the film Raja Harishchandra (1913) at Coronation Hall, Girgaon, Mumbai.

Media of India consist of several different types of Indian communications media: television, radio, cinema, newspapers, magazines, and Internet-basedWeb sites. Many of the media are controlled by large, for-profit corporations who reap revenue from advertising, subscriptions, and sale of copyrightedmaterial. India also has a strong music and film industry. India has more than 70,000 newspapers and over 500 satellite channels (more than 80 are news channels) and is the biggest newspaper market in the world - over 100 million copies sold each day. The Indian media was initiated since the late 18th century with print media started in 1780, radio broadcasting initiated in 1927, and the screening ofAuguste and Louis Lumire moving pictures in Bombay initiated during the July 1895 is among the oldest and largest media of the world.
[2] [3] [1]

Indian mediaprivate media in The period of emergency (19751977),

particularhas been "free and independent" throughout most of its history.

declared by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, was the brief period when India's media was faced with potential government retribution.
[3][4]

The French NGO Reporters Without Borders compiles and publishes an annual ranking of countries based upon the organisation's assessment of theirpress freedom records. In 2011-12 India was ranked 131st out of 179th countries, which was a setback from the preceding year.
Contents
[hide]
[5]

1 Print 2 Broadcasting

3 Communications 4 Motion pictures 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External links

[edit]Print

The Anandabazar Patrikafounded in 1922 by Prafulla Chandra Sarkarhas the largest circulation for a single-edition regional language newspaper in India.

The headquarters of Doordarshan, for which experimental telecast started in September 1959. Regular daily transmission followed in 1965 as a part of All India Radio.

Main articles: Print media in India, List of newspapers in India, and List of newspapers in India by circulation Further information: Press Trust of India, United News of India, and Category:Indian magazines The first major newspaper in IndiaThe Bengal Gazettewas started in 1780 under the British Raj by James Augustus Hickey.
[3]

Other newspapers such as The India Gazette, The Calcutta Gazette, The Madras
[3]

Courier(1785), The Bombay Herald (1789) etc. soon followed. the British rule. in print.
[6] [3]

These newspapers carried news of the areas under

The Bombay Samachar, founded in 1822 and printed in Gujarati is the oldest newspaper in Asia still

The Times of India was founded in 1838 as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce by Bennett,

Coleman and Company, a colonial enterprise now owned by an Indian conglomerate.

[7]

The Times

Group publishesThe Economic Times (launched in 1961), Navbharat Times (Hindi language), and the Maharashtra Times (Marathi language).
[7]

In the 1950s 214 daily newspapers were published in the country. while the rest were published in various regional languages. English dailies. (3,805 dailies).
[3] [3]

[3]

Out of these, 44 were English language dailies

This number rose to 2,856 dailies in 1990 with 209

The total number of newspapers published in the country reached 35,595 newspapers by 1993

[3]

The main regional newspapers of India include the Malayalam language Malayala Manorama (published from: Kerala, daily circulation: 673,000), the Hindi-language Dainik Jagran (published from:Uttar Pradesh, daily circulation in 2006: 580,000), and the Anandabazar Patrika (published from: Kolkata, daily circulation in 2006: 435,000).
[8]

The Times of India Group, the Indian Express Group, the Hindustan Times Group, the Hindu Group and
[8]

the Anandabazar Patrika Group are the main print media houses of the country. runs the oldest surviving Hindi newspaper in India. Newspaper sale in the country increased by 11.22% in 2007. dailies were published in China, Japan, and India.
[9] [9]

The Anandabazar Patrika group

By 2007, 62 of the world's best selling newspaper

India consumed 99 million newspaper copies as of 2007

[9]

making it the second largest market in the world for newspapers. [edit]Broadcasting

Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee(office: 19 March 1998 22 May 2004) placed the development of Information Technology among his top five priorities and formed the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development.

Main articles: Amateur radio in India, Television in India, and :Category:Amateur radio in India Further information: List of Indian television stations and List of FM radio stations in India

Radio broadcasting was initiated in 1927 but became state responsibility only in 1930. name All India Radio and since 1957 it has been called Akashvani. began in 1959, and complete broadcasting followed in 1965.
[10] [10]

[10]

In 1937 it was given the

Limited duration of television programming

The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting owned

and maintained the audio-visual apparatusincluding the television channel Doordarshanin the country prior to theeconomic reforms of 1991.
[8]

The Government of India played a significant role in using the audio-visual media for
[3]

increasing mass education in India's rural swathes.

[3]

Projected television screens provided engaging education in

India's villages by the 1990s. . In 1997, an autonomous body was established in the name of Prasar Bharti to take care of the public service broadcasting under the Prasar Bharti Act. All India Radio and Doordarshan, which earlier were working as media units under the Ministry of I&B became constituents of the body.

Following the economic reforms satellite television channels from around the worldincluding BBC, CNN, CNBC, and other foreign television channels gained a foothold in the country.
[11]

47 million household with television sets

[12]

emerged in 1993, which was also the year when Rupert Murdoch entered the Indian market. television soon gained a foothold.
[12]

Satellite and cable With 1,400

Doordarshan, in turn, initiated reforms and modernisation.

[12]

television stations as of 2009, the country ranks 4th in the list of countries by number of television broadcast stations.
[13]

On 16 November 2006, the Government of India released the community radio policy which allowed agricultural centres, educational institutions and civil society organisations to apply for community based FM broadcasting license. Community Radio is allowed 100 Watt Effective Radiated Power (ERP) with a maximum tower height of 30 meters. The license is valid for five years and one organisation can only get one license, which is non-transferable and to be used for community development purposes. [edit]Communications Main articles: Information technology in India and Communications in India Further information: List of mobile network operators of India The Indian Government acquired ES EVM computers from the Soviet Union, which were used in large companies and research laboratories.
[14]

Tata Consultancy Services established in 1968 by the Tata Group were the
[14]

country's largest software producers during the 1960s.

The 'microchip revolution' of the 1980s had convinced

both Indira Gandhi and her successor Rajiv Gandhi that electronics and telecommunications were vital to India's growth and development.
[15]

MTNL underwent technological improvements.

[15]

Between 19861987, the Indian

government embarked upon the creation of three wide-area computer networking schemes: INDONET (intended to serve the IBM mainframes in India), NICNET (network for the National Informatics Centre), and the academic research oriented Education and Research Network (ERNET).
[16]

The Indian economy underwent economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era of globalisation and international economic integration.
[17]

Economic growth of over 6% annually was seen between 19932002.

[18]

[17]

The economic

reforms were driven in part by significant the internet usage in India.

The new administration under Atal Bihari

Vajpayeewhich placed the development of Information Technology among its top five priorities formed the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development. 1996.
[14] [19]

Internet gained a foothold in India by

[20]

India had a total of 100 million Internet userscomprising 8.5% of the country's populationby 2010.

By

2010, 13 million people in India also had access to broadband Internet making it the 10th largest country in the world in terms of broadband Internet users. India had a total of 34 million fixed lines in use by 2011.
[21]

In the fixed line arena, BSNL and MTNL are the

incumbents in their respective areas of operation and continue to enjoy the dominant service provider status in the domain of fixed line services.
[22]

BSNL controls 79% of fixed line share in the country.

[22]

In the mobile telephony sector, Bharti Airtel controls 24.3% subscriber base followed by Reliance Communications with 18.9%, Vodafone with 18.8%, BSNL with 12.7% subscriber base as of June-2009. a total of 880 million mobile phone connections by 2011. million as of August 2010. [edit]Motion
[24] [23] [22]

India had

Total fixed-line and wireless subscribers reached 688

pictures

Main article: Cinema of India The history of film in India begins with the screening of Auguste and Louis Lumire moving pictures in Bombay during the July 1895.
[25]

Raja Harishchandraa full length feature filmwas initiated in 1912 and completed later.
[26]

[25]

Alam

Ara (released 14 March 1931) directed by Ardeshir Iraniwas the first Indian movie with dialogues.

Indian films were soon being followed throughout Southeast Asia and the Middle Eastwhere modest dressing and subdued sexuality of these films was found to be acceptable to the sensibilities of the audience belonging to the various Islamic countries of the region.
[27]

As cinema as a medium gained popularity in the country as many as 1, 000

[27]

films in various languages of India were produced annually.

Hollywood also gained a foothold in India with special

effects films such as Jurassic Park (1993) and Speed (1994) being specially appreciated by the local audiences.
[27]

Expatriates throughout the United Kingdom and in the United States continued to give rise to an

international audiences to Indian movies, which, according to The Encyclopdia Britannica (2008) entry on Bollywood, "continued to be formulaic story lines, expertly choreographed fight scenes, spectacular song-anddance routines, emotion-charged melodrama, and larger-than-life heroes". films of any country in the world.
[29] [28]

Present day India produces the most

The Role of Media On The Economy

It can be safely said that the media has a very important role in shaping the markets and the economy. The media has the potential to bring fame to a business, but it also has the power to bring that business down. The media is after stories that attract attention. It will not therefore settle for anything that is even less than mediocre. Either the story is extremely negative or extremely positive, you can almost bet on the media to exert all means to get to the bottom of the story. After all, running such compelling stories is one way the network the news outlet is involved in is able to earn money. For example, when the media reports news of half of the population of the US believing that the economic situation will worsen and turn into something like the Great Depression, such a story is going to have millions of people glued to their TV sets, and this can mean more money from ad revenues. On the other hand, while the mother company is earning a lot of money from such stories, more and more Americans are like to spend less money and pulling out their stock investments, crippling the economy even more. Its a vicious cycle, but this is one situation that illustrates well how the media can affect the economy

Media Accreditation Opens for First Meeting as World Economic Forum on India

Desire Mohindra, Associate Director, Media, Tel.: +41 (0)22 869 1462, [email protected] The World Economic Forum on India to be held for the first time in Gurgaon on 6-8 November 2012 The media is invited to participate in the public programme on 7-8 November Members of the media are invited to sign up now for media accreditation at www.weforummedia.org Geneva, Switzerland, 10 September, 2012 The World Economic Forum on India meeting will be held for the first time in the National Capital Region, Gurgaon, on 6-8 November in partnership with the Government of Haryana, India. Previously known as the India Economic Summit, which has been held in the country for the past 27 years, this years meeting will convene under the theme, From Deliberation to Transformation. Over 500 leaders from around the world will participate in the meeting at a time when the country faces a new economic reality after 20 years of sustained high growth. India has reached a critical inflection point where future growth will depend on the courage to undertake bold reforms, prioritize human capital development and to better manage risks. The World Economic Forum on India is a platform which will bring together key decision-makers to help catalyse the necessary reform that will return India and South Asia to a long-term growth path, said Sushant Palakurthi Rao, Senior Director and Head of Asia, World Economic Forum. Media accreditation for the meeting is now open and members of the media can register online atwww.weforummedia.org The registration deadline is Tuesday 16 October. Applications received after the deadline will not be accepted and no registration will be considered on site in Gurgaon. Members of the media are invited to participate in the official programme on 7-8 November. The World Economic Forum on Indias first gathering at Gurgaon in the State of Haryana marks an important event, recognizing the increasing role being played by India and the region in shaping the global agenda. The strength and depth of our economy is due to the success in creating a business-friendly environment in Haryana and we look forward to playing an active role in shaping an India worthy of future generations, said Bhupinder Singh Hooda, Chief Minister of Haryana, India.

New Delhi: The film and television industry contributed over $6.2 billion (Rs 28,305 crore) to the Indian economy and created nearly 1.8 million jobs in 2008-2009, a new report released on Friday said. The sector has a total output of $20.4 billion (Rs 92,645 crore), contributing more to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India than the advertising industry, the report titled "Economic Contribution of Indian Film and Television Industry" said. "This report demonstrates the importance of the film and television sector to the overall growth and vitality of the Indian economy. Indians should be proud of the staggering growth that the film and television industry has achieved," said Motion Picture Association of America Chairman Dan Glickman.

Almost echoing him, Time Warner Senior Vice President Hugh Stephens said "The film and television industry in India is one of the world's largest markets in terms of number of consumers and offers significant growth potential. Over the past few years the industry has experienced rapid double-digit growth and it is expected that this trend will continue in future, resulting in increasing contribution to the Indian economy." Prepared by consultancy firm PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), the report was commissioned by the Motion Picture Distributors Association (India), representing the Motion Picture Association in India. It was launched at the Asia Society Conference in New Delhi. According to the report, the combined revenues of the Indian film and television industry were over $7.7 billion (Rs 35,000 crore) in the calendar year 2008. This is expected to grow at a rate of 11 per cent over the next five years, reaching a size of over $13 billion (Rs 60,000 crore). The study measured the direct, indirect and induced economic impact created by the film and television industry, and combined them to determine its total economic contribution. Glickman also stressed the need to check piracy to protect the industry. "The menace of copyright theft jeopardises a movie's ability to make money - if at all. This affects the level of investment available for new films and the ability to create new jobs for workers throughout the country," he said.

A study undertaken by the US-India Business Council and Ernst & Young showed that piracy cost the Indian film industry $959 million and some 571,000 jobs in 2008.