Rr320203 Modelling of Power System Components

Code No: RR320203 Set No.
1
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2007
MODELLING OF POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Define the following terms with suitable example: Basic

i. tree
ii. branches
iii. links
iv. co-tree
v. loop
(b) Write the relation among the number of nodes, number of branches, number
of Links and number of elements.
(c) For the graph given in figure 1 below, draw the tree and the corresponding
co-tree. Choose a tree of your choice, and hence write the cutest schedule.
[5+2+9]
Figure 1
2. (a) Derive the expression for the loop impedance Zloop using singular transforma-
tion in terms of primitive impedance matrix z and the basic loop incidence
matrix C.
(b) Derive an expression for Zloop for the oriented graph shown in Figure 2below.
[8+8]
Figure 2
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Code No: RR320203 Set No. 1
3. Impedances of various branches of the given network are as follows:
Z12 = 10Ω, Z10 = 10Ω, Z13 = 20Ω, Z23 = 10Ω, Z20 = 20Ω, Z30 = 10Ω Where ‘o’ is
reference node. Develop Zbus matrix for the network using step- by-step method.
[16]
4. In a four bus system, a generator connected to bus- 3 and a motor connected to

bus-4 having reactance equal to 0.15 pu are connected through their respective
transformers havingXT = 0.1 pu. Generated e.m.f. of generator connected to bus-3
is 1.25 6 00 and internal voltage of motor is 0.85 6 − 450 . Line reactances connecting
buses are X31 = X23 = 0.25pu, X21 = 0.125pu, X24 = 0.2pu, X14 = 0.4 pu. Develop
the nodal admittance matrix for each of the network branches and then write the
nodal admittance equations of the system. [16]
5. Develop the expressions for formation of three phase ZBU S for the element which
is added between two existing buses in a partial network. [16]
6. Clearly explain how a synchronous generator is modeled for steady state analysis.
Draw the phasor diagram and obtain the power angle equation for a non salient
pole synchronous generator connected to an infinite bus. Sketch the power angle
curve. [16]
7. (a) Develop the mathematical model of hydraulic value actuator in speed govern-
ing system.
(b) Two generators rated 200Mw and 400Mw are operating in parallel. The droop
characteristics of their governors are 4% and 6% respectively from no-load to
full-load. Assuming that the generator are operating at 50Hz, how a load of
500Mw be shared between them. [8+8]
8. Explain the functional blocks of Automatic voltage regulator. [16]
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1. For the system shown in figure 1 below, form the bus incidence matrix A and
Branch path incidence matrix K and also predetermine the basic cut set incidence
matrix B and the basic loop incidence matrix C and hence show that [16]
(a) Ab K t = U,
(b) BL = AL K t .
Take 1, 5, 4 as tree
Figure 1
2. Derive the expressions for Bus admittance and impedance matrices by singular
transformation. [16]
3. Describe the procedure of modification of Zbus by adding mutually coupled branch

from existing buses (p) and (k). [16]
4. (a) Write a detail note on tap-changing and regulating transformer.

(b) Explain the necessity of transformer modelling for power system studies. [10+6]
5. (a) Explain the primitive network three phase representation of a component in

impedance form.
(b) Show that for a stationary element, the phase impedances matrix of a com-
ponent is diagonalised using symmetrical component transformation.
(c) Define the bus incidence matrix of a Power system network whose graph is
shown in figure 5. [6+6+4]
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Figure 5
6. (a) Derive the relation between the inertia constant H, and angular momentum
M. State the units of H & M.
(b) What is the importance of swing Equation in determining the stability of the
system.
(c) A 50 Hz, 4 pole Turbo generator rated 25 KVA, 11 KV has an inertia constant
H=9 KJ/KVA. Find the acceleration, if the input less the rotational losses is
25000 HP. The Electric Power developed is 14.5 MW. [4+6+6]
7. (a) Develop the mathematical model of primary and secondary Control Loops and
derive the transfer functions of each block.
(b) Determine the primary Automatic load frequency control loop parameters for
the following system data:
Total rated area capacity = 2000 Mw
Normal operating load = 1000 Mw
Inertia constant = 5 sec.
Regulation = 2.4 hz/ p.u. Mw
Assume load frequency depending is linear. [10+6]
8. Explain the functional blocks of Automatic voltage regulator. [16]
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i. tree
ii. branches
iii. links
iv. co-tree
v. loop
[5+2+9]
Figure 1
3. Describe the procedure of modification of existing Zbus by adding branch from new
bus (p) to ref node, from new bus (p) to existing bus (k) , form existing bus (k) to
ref node and between existing buses (j) and (k). [16]

5. (a) Explain the primitive network three phase representation of a component in

impedance form.
(b) Show that for a stationary element, the phase impedances matrix of a com-
ponent is diagonalised using symmetrical component transformation.
1 of 2
(c) Define the bus incidence matrix of a Power system network whose graph is
shown in figure 5. [6+6+4]
Figure 5
6. A synchronous generator is connected to an infinite bus through a transmission
line. Neglecting the resistances draw the phasor diagram and derive the
(a) Relation between active power and power angle.

(b) Relation between reactive power and power angle. [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the functions of various blocks of speed governing system.

(b) Explain the turbine model and hence discuss transfer functions of reheat and
non-reheat models. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain about the various performance requirements of excitation system.

(b) Explain the elements of an excitation system. [8+8]
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i. tree
ii. branches
iii. links
iv. co-tree
v. loop
[5+2+9]
Figure 1
3. Describe the procedure of modification of Zbus by adding mutually coupled branch
from existing buses (p) and (k). [16]
5. (a) Derive the performance equations of a three phase network element in im-
pedance and admittance forms.
(b) Find the sequence impedance matrix of an element whose phase component
matrix is  [10+6]
abc j0.6 j0.2 j0.1
zpq =  j0.1 j0.7 j0.4 
j0.2 j0.3 j0.8
1 of 2
6. Clearly explain how a synchronous generator connected to infinite bus through a
reactance can be modeled for transient analysis. Draw the phasor diagram and de-
rive the necessary equations, when saliency is neglected and constant flux linkages.
[16]
7. (a) Explain the complete block diagram of speed governing system and derive
transfer function.
(b) Two generators are supplying power to a system. Their rating are 50 and
500Mw respectively. The frequency is 50Hz and each generator is half loaded.
The system load increased by 110Mw and as a result frequency drops to
49.5Hz. What must be the individual regulations be if two generators should
increased their turbine powers in properties to their ratings. Also express the
regulation in p.u.Hz and p.u.Mw. [11+5]
8. (a) Explain about the various performance requirements of excitation system.

(b) Explain the elements of an excitation system. [8+8]
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Code No: RR320203 Set No.

1. (a) Define the following terms with suitable example: Basic

4. In a four bus system, a generator connected to bus- 3 and a motor connected to

8. Explain the functional blocks of Automatic voltage regulator. [16]

3. Describe the procedure of modification of Zbus by adding mutually coupled branch

4. (a) Write a detail note on tap-changing and regulating transformer.

5. (a) Explain the primitive network three phase representation of a component in

8. Explain the functional blocks of Automatic voltage regulator. [16]

1. (a) Define the following terms with suitable example: Basic

4. (a) Write a detail note on tap-changing and regulating transformer.

5. (a) Explain the primitive network three phase representation of a component in

(a) Relation between active power and power angle.

7. (a) Explain the functions of various blocks of speed governing system.

8. (a) Explain about the various performance requirements of excitation system.

1. (a) Define the following terms with suitable example: Basic

8. (a) Explain about the various performance requirements of excitation system.

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