Written by James Joyce in 1907 (published in 1914 as part of his Dubliners collection), "The Dead" is a novella about a Christmas early January "FeastWritten by James Joyce in 1907 (published in 1914 as part of his Dubliners collection), "The Dead" is a novella about a Christmas early January "Feast of the Epiphany" holiday party in Dublin, Ireland, focusing on the subtler interpersonal communications and relationships between the relatives and others at the party, especially between teacher Gabriel Conroy and his wife Gretta.
It's a melancholy but insightful novella about our disappointments in life and love and how we often don't really see other people or understand their feelings. Gabriel views himself as better than most other people around him but he's actually stuck in a rut, personally, romantically (in his marriage), and even in his political views (as are, arguably, most of the party guests). There may be a hopeful note to the ending, but not even the professional critics agree on that, so read it and decide for yourself. :)
I didn't much care for it when I read it in college as an English major, but now that I'm older and wiser (and took more time to look at the online critical analysis) it appealed to me more. Sparknotes and Cliffnotes websites were both insightful, but I felt like I really hit the jackpot with this annotated version of the story and its very detailed notes, especially about the very last paragraph of the story: http://www.mendele.com/WWD/WWDdead.no... Here's a link to the story itself, on the website with the linked annotations: http://www.mendele.com/WWD/WWDdead.html
I would rate this 3 1/2 stars based on my prior read, but 5 stars on reread. Now I want to read it again. :) Read it when you're in the mood for something thoughtful and deep.
December 2020 buddy read with the Retro Reads group....more
This review is for the spooky title story by Charles Dickens, "To Be Read at Dusk," published in 1852. You can download or read this story for free heThis review is for the spooky title story by Charles Dickens, "To Be Read at Dusk," published in 1852. You can download or read this story for free here at Project Gutenberg.
The unnamed narrator happens across five couriers sitting on a bench near a Swiss mountain, the Great St. Bernard, "looking at the remote heights, stained by the setting sun as if a mighty quantity of red wine had been broached upon the mountain top, and had not yet had time to sink into the snow." <--Read: It's bloody red, and the imagery is underscored by the bodies of unlucky travelers stored in a nearby shed.
The couriers begin to talk of ghost stories - but not your ordinary ghosts. One story is of a young wife who has a portentous vision of a dark man that haunts her. The other story is of two twin brothers: when one brother falls ill, he tells the other brother, who is leaving on a long trip, "If I get quite better, I’ll come back and see you before you go. If I don’t feel well enough to resume my visit where I leave it off, why you will come and see me before you go." And apparently he REALLY means it.
This is a haunting story (or really three stories: two framed by a third) that can be read on a few different levels. Are there ghosts? Or is it a purely psychological tale, with no real ghosts, just people frightening themselves? Or is Dickens, perhaps, telling us a deeper tale, using symbolism?
I was scratching my head over some of the aspects of this tale and how to interpret them, so I went on a Google search and came across the most fascinating essay here: https://journals.openedition.org/jsse.... It’s a little dense and scholarly but has some really intriguing ideas in it. I recommend it if you want to do a deep dive!
My recent read of T. Kingfisher's 2019 horror novel The Twisted Ones, which is by way of a seque3.25 stars. Review first posted on Fantasy Literature:
My recent read of T. Kingfisher's 2019 horror novel The Twisted Ones, which is by way of a sequel (set many years later) to Arthur Machen's 1904 novelette “The White People,” led me to seek out this classic horror work (which is free online here at Project Gutenberg). Cotgrave's friend has taken him to visit a recluse named Ambrose, who has unusual views on the nature of sin. Real evil, Ambrose argues, is when men improperly or in an unnatural way try “to gain the ecstasy and the knowledge that pertain alone to angels”. As proof, Ambrose loans to Cotgrave an old green book containing the diary of a young girl, raised primarily by her nurse, who over the years initiates the girl into occult secrets, and even an eerie hidden supernatural world.
The bulk of “The White People” consists of the girl’s diary, and it’s rough sledding: an extremely long, disjointed and breathless tale told in stream-of-consciousness fashion, with almost no paragraph breaks. (I can’t tell you how much I missed having those paragraph breaks.) Her experiences are partly Lovecraftian, partly Arabian Nights-type stories told by her nurse, and partly terrors of Machen’s own creation, like the strange and beautiful bone-white people the girl sees and the terrible field of rocks that she wanders into:
I went on into the dreadful rocks. There were hundreds and hundreds of them. Some were like horrid-grinning men; I could see their faces as if they would jump at me out of the stone, and catch hold of me, and drag me with them back into the rock, so that I should always be there. … I went on among them, though they frightened me, and my heart was full of wicked songs that they put into it; and I wanted to make faces and twist myself about in the way they did, and I went on and on a long way till at last I liked the rocks, and they didn’t frighten me any more. I sang the songs I thought of; songs full of words that must not be spoken or written down. Then I made faces like the faces on the rocks, and I twisted myself about like the twisted ones, and I lay down flat on the ground like the dead ones …
H.P. Lovecraft considered “The White People” a story of “enormous power” and a source of inspiration, and scholars consider it a classic in the horror genre. Personally, most of the real horror passed me by, as I got lost in the hallucinogenic maze of the girl's diary. But this story certainly has its moments, and I can see how a deeper study would very likely yield a greater appreciation of its merits.
In any case, reading this novelette did make The Twisted Ones much more meaningful to me, and vice versa. If you read either one, I definitely recommend reading the other as well....more
The search for older Christmas stories has led me in some interesting directions, and Anton Chekhov's 1900 short story "At Christmas Time" is one of tThe search for older Christmas stories has led me in some interesting directions, and Anton Chekhov's 1900 short story "At Christmas Time" is one of the more unexpected findings, a heartwrenching tale of isolation and miscommunication. (Do NOT read for happy holiday feels!)
This story is told in two parts: In Part I, An older couple, Vasilisa and Pyotr, who live in the Russian countryside haven't seen and have hardly heard from their daughter Yefimya for four years, since she married a former soldier and moved to Petersburg. The couple is illiterate, so Vasilisa pays the local innkeeper's brother-in-law, Yegor, fifteen kopecks to write a letter for them to Yefimya. Her heart is so full, but after the first couple of lines, Vasilisa doesn't know how to continue the letter. Yegor decides to take it on himself to write whatever he feels like. In Part II, we see what happens when the letter reaches Yefimya.
The normally cheerful setting of Christmastime and the love that the couple obviously feel for their long-absent daughter (view spoiler)[and she for them (hide spoiler)] stunningly contrasts with the uncaring, selfish people around them. The family's communications and connections are hindered by physical distance and the parents' illiteracy, but even more by these corrupt and even evil people.
The last line refers to "charcot douche," which was a high-pressure shower that massaged the entire body, purportedly for health reasons. I have my suspicions as to why it would be of interest to the general.
The story appears to be Chekhov's indictment of the disintegration of Russian society. Even the general who appears at the end is a symbol of the brokenness and corruption of their country at the turn of the 20th century. It's a tragic but thought-provoking tale.
[image] Into the woods, who knows what may be lurking on the journey?
As an indictment of religious hypocrisy, this is powerful stuff. Young Goodman Bro[image] Into the woods, who knows what may be lurking on the journey?
As an indictment of religious hypocrisy, this is powerful stuff. Young Goodman Brown leaves his wife Faith (some pretty blatant symbolism here), journeys into the dark forest, encounters the devil himself, and - most importantly- grapples with the evil within his own heart. His internal battle is made exponentially more difficult when he’s confronted with the evil and hypocrisy that’s actually in the hearts of the devout-seeming people he knows.
Does he win? And was it real? Well, that’s open for debate. Read it! It’s much more subtle than I initially gave it credit for, especially in its ending.
Starting off October with an Edgar Allen Poe detective mystery! "The Purloined Letter" is one of Poe's more memorable stories, featuring his amateur dStarting off October with an Edgar Allen Poe detective mystery! "The Purloined Letter" is one of Poe's more memorable stories, featuring his amateur detective C. Auguste Dupin, who could give Sherlock Holmes a run for his money.
This story is more analytical than adventurous: Dupin and his friend, the narrator of the tale, sit in a dimly lit library, enjoying their pipes and their company, when the prefect of the Parisian police comes in with a tale of woe: Reading between the lines a little, the Queen of France has received a love letter that would compromise and ruin her if it became public. The letter was stolen by an unscrupulous minister, who is now using it to blackmail her. The prefect (motivated in part by a huge reward for finding the letter) has secretly searched the minister's home every night for three months, using the best searching techniques, and can't find it. Everyone agrees that the letter MUST be in his home somewhere. But where? Dupin gives a hint right at the start of the story, but the prefect doesn't pick up on it (in fact, he ridicules it).
There's some delightful characterization and humor in this story. There's also a bit too much abstruse and tedious talk about logic and deduction (after trying to wade through these parts for a while, I gave up and skimmed). I have to say I'm not entirely convinced by the logical underpinnings of the story, despite all the fancy reasoning.
But (other than the tedious bits) it's a fun detective story with a really great conclusion. You can read this 1844 story online many places, including here: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/POE...
Bonus: Translations of some of the Latin and French phrases in this story: - "Nil sapientiae odiosus acumine nimio" (Seneca): "Nothing is so hateful to wisdom as an excess of cleverness". - Non distributio medii: the fallacy of the undistributed middle (a logical fallacy). - "Il y a a parier que toute idee publique, toute convention recue, est un sottise, car elle a convenue a plus grand nombre": you can bet on the fact that any idea and convention that is widely accepted is wrong, for it is simply convenient to the greatest number. - "Facilis descensus Averni": descent into hell is easy. "Averni" translates to "Hell" because Lake Avernus was believed to be the entrance to the underworld. - "Un dessein si funeste/S'il n'est digne d'Atree, est digne de Thyeste": a scheme so hateful, if it is not worthy of Atreus, is worthy of Thyestes, or alternatively: "So grievous a plan, if not worthy of Atree, is dignified by Thyeste." (Atreus & Thyestes were feuding twin brothers in Greek mythology. Thyestes sleeps with Atreus' wife; Atreus gets revenge by killing Thyestes' children and serving them to Thyestes in a stew which Thyestes eats. Thyestes then gets revenge by consulting an oracle, which advises to have a son who would then kill Atreus.)
This is the original 1902 horror short story about the perils of getting what you wish for. An older couple, the Whites, and their adult son Herbert, This is the original 1902 horror short story about the perils of getting what you wish for. An older couple, the Whites, and their adult son Herbert, are shown a mummified monkey’s paw by a friend of the family.
"It had a spell put on it by an old fakir," said the sergeant-major, "a very holy man. He wanted to show that fate ruled people's lives, and that those who interfered with it did so to their sorrow.”
Three different people can get three wishes granted, and the sergeant-major has already used his three wishes, to his regret. The Whites beg for the chance to try their three wishes, against the sergeant-major’s strong advice.
It’s understated horror by today’s standards, but the ending still packs a decent punch. Read it free online here at Project Gutenberg....more
I love getting my historic Russian author doses in short story form (maybe one of these days I'll take on a full-length classic Russian novel, but thaI love getting my historic Russian author doses in short story form (maybe one of these days I'll take on a full-length classic Russian novel, but that day has not yet arrived). "The Bet" is free here on Project Gutenberg (along with lots of other Chekhov stories).
A wealthy banker throws a party; there's lots of intellectual discussion that winds up focusing on the question: Is a life sentence of solitary confinement really less cruel than capital punishment?
[image]
A brash young lawyer argues that imprisonment is better than death, and he and the banker end up making a wild bet: the banker will set up a place of solitary confinement on his estate, and the lawyer will submit to it for 15 years. If the lawyer can stick it out for the full 15 years - not a moment less - the banker will pay him two million.
It was decided that the lawyer must undergo his imprisonment under the strictest observation, in a garden-wing of the banker's house. It was agreed that during the period he would be deprived of the right to cross the threshold, to see living people, to hear human voices, and to receive letters and newspapers. He was permitted to have a musical instrument, to read books, to write letters, to drink wine and smoke tobacco. By the agreement he could communicate, but only in silence, with the outside world through a little window specially constructed for this purpose. Everything necessary, books, music, wine, he could receive in any quantity by sending a note through the window.
The plot is straightforward, but the ideas and prose elevate it to something that is well worth reading and pondering. It's a different, thoughtful kind of tale with one major twist to it that I didn't see coming. (view spoiler)[The murderous decision of the banker surprised me. (hide spoiler)] And I don't think the final resolution - for either the banker or the lawyer - is as straightforward as it may seem at first glance. George Saunders, author of Lincoln in the Bardo, says it succinctly here, in an interview where he talks about why he loves Chekhov's stories:
That’s one of my favorite things about Chekhov: his ability to embody what I call “on the other hand” thinking. He'll put something out with a great deal of certainty and beauty and passion, absolutely convincing you—and then he goes, “On the other hand,” and completely undermines it. At the end of this story you ask, “Chekhov, is happiness a blessing or a curse?” And he’s like, “Yeah, exactly.”
DNF at 25%. This 1915 semi-autobiographical novel by W. Somerset Maugham just isn’t working for me. Of Human Bondage meanders slowly through the childDNF at 25%. This 1915 semi-autobiographical novel by W. Somerset Maugham just isn’t working for me. Of Human Bondage meanders slowly through the childhood and young adult life and times of Philip Carey, an orphaned young man with a rather tough life and a LOT of hang ups.
It’s insightful but prosy and very long-winded, with characters who aren’t particularly appealing making lots of poor decisions (and I didn't even get to the biggest one! Thank you, Wikipedia plot summary).
I know this is generally considered Maugham’s masterpiece and my literary GR friends pretty much all gave it 5 stars, but I just can’t with it right now. Maybe later some day....more
In preparation for reading Connie Willis's latest novella, I Met a Traveller in an Antique Land, I went back and read Percy Bysshe Shelly's fam[image]
In preparation for reading Connie Willis's latest novella, I Met a Traveller in an Antique Land, I went back and read Percy Bysshe Shelly's famous Romantic-era sonnet Ozymandias, which is the source for her title and informs her story. Here's the poem in its entirety:
I met a traveller from an antique land, Who said—“Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. . . . Near them, on the sand, Half sunk a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed; And on the pedestal, these words appear: My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings; Look on my Works, ye Mighty, and despair! Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal Wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away.
I think this is my favorite work by Shelley (I studied quite a few of his works back in my college English major days). His imagery is wonderful: you can see the ancient, broken statue in the middle of a desolate desert. The dual meaning of the word "despair": Ozymandias (a Greek name for the Egyptian pharaoh Ramses II) means for everyone else to fear his might and power, but now we despair because nothing man-made lasts forever, no matter how great.
Shelly made up his own rhyme scheme for this sonnet (for the curious, it's ababa cdced efef, rather than something more typical like the Shakespearean rhyme scheme, abab cdcd efef gg). It adds to the general sense of unease this poem leave you with.
A couple of other insights: Note Ozymandias's use of the phrase "King of Kings" to describe himself. It's a phrase used in the Bible in reference to Jesus Christ ... so Ozymandias considered himself near-divine. Shelley also uses alliteration to great effect in this poem, with phrases like "cold command," "boundless and bare," and "lone and level."
The message of this poem is a great lesson for our day as well, slashing at the pretensions and self-grandeur of political leaders. And that's all I'm going to say about that. :)
But I have to say, I'm still trying to figure out what exactly Shelly was trying to convey with the lines "The hand that mocked them, and the heart that fed." Scholars are still scratching their heads, so I'm in good company. It does seem to be the sculptor's hand and heart, rather than Ozymandias's, as I originally thought? (*ETA: See comment 2: I've changed my mind again.) Feel free to comment.
There are some great illustrations for this poem. Here's another:
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, published in 1892, and available for free online reading or downloading here on Project Gutenberg (or many o[image]
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, published in 1892, and available for free online reading or downloading here on Project Gutenberg (or many other places), is a collection of twelve Sherlock Holmes short stories. Doyle's formula for his Sherlock stories gets a little bit worn and visible after you read several of them back to back. But there are some jewels in this collection, and they all have something to offer the interested reader, even if it's only an insight into Sherlock's or Dr. Watson's characters or Victorian society.
My full reviews for these stories are at the links, but I've posted my star ratings and brief comments here:
4* - "A Scandal in Bohemia" - Notable mostly for the appearance of Irene Adler, probably the best and most intelligent female character Doyle ever created.
3* "The Red Headed League" - Reading about a massive crowd of redheads was fun, but otherwise this is a fairly standard Sherlock Holmes story.
2* "A Case of Identity" - The rare swing and miss, it's lightweight and predictable, with a patronizing Victorian view of women that thoroughly irritated me.
3.4* "The Boscombe Valley Mystery" - A son is accused of his father's murder ... understandable since he was found at the scene covered in blood, but of course there's more to the story than that.
3.5* "The Five Orange Pips" - Five dried-up orange seeds in an envelope are ... a serious threat? Apparently so, when they're accompanied by the letters K.K.K. and followed by death. This one is atmospheric and compelling reading, but I'm dinging it for Doyle's complete disregard for actual historical facts about the KKK. This story is also notable for (view spoiler)[being one of the few total fails by Sherlock Holmes (hide spoiler)].
3.5* "The Man with the Twisted Lip" - This disappearing husband case is worth reading for the insights into Dr. Watson's character and for the evocative description of Victorian era drug abuse and opium dens.
4* "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle" - A missing blue jewel and ... a goose. Doyle slips up again on his research (Sherlock would be ashamed) because carbuncles are, by definition, red jewels (rubies), but that aside, this was a really fun jewel thievery escapade.
5* "The Speckled Band" - A dying young woman, with her final breath, gasps "The speckled band!" And now her twin sister fears for her own life. The best mystery in this collection! Don't miss it.
3.75* "The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb" - This mystery about an injured engineer involves not only thumbs but a sinister hydraulic stamping machine. I mean, if one of these could take out the Terminator, clearly there's some grave danger here!
3* "The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor" - This story is interesting for its dealing with the once-popular social practice of American heiresses marrying British nobility, Downton Abbey-style. Otherwise, sadly, it's pretty forgettable.
4* "The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet" - A desperate banker tells Sherlock that a valuable gold and beryl coronet has been stolen from his keeping, and the main suspect is the banker's son. A subtler and better mystery than I expected.
4* "The Adventure of the Copper Beeches" - A red-headed governess becomes embroiled in a very odd situation. There's a strange employer, a giant dog that prowls the premises looking for people to eat, and a servant with a surprising story.
These stories are easy to pop down like so many potato chips, but I found I enjoyed them more when I spaced them out a little. Just a suggestion!
Roadmarks is a fragmented, experimental type of SF novel, tied together by a Road (with a c3.5 stars. Full review first posted on Fantasy Literature:
Roadmarks is a fragmented, experimental type of SF novel, tied together by a Road (with a capital R) that leads to all times and places and alternative timestreams in our world’s history, for those who know how to navigate it (a certain German named Adolph briefly pops up in an early chapter, eternally searching for the timeline where he won). The other constant is the character of Red Dorakeen, who has been traveling the Road for years, trying to find something, or somewhen. Sometimes he’s in company with Leila, a woman with precognitive talents. He’s also generally accompanied by one of two sentient AIs in the form of books, called Leaves (of Grass) and Flowers (of Evil) (Les Fleurs du Mal).
But life has gotten more complicated for Red since he had a falling out with his old partner Chadwick for some reason. Now Chadwick has paid ten highly skilled assassins ― known as the “black decade” ― to kill Red, hunting him down through space and time. Meanwhile, a young man called Randy Dorakeen is also on the Road, led there by a copy of Leaves of Grass, which introduces itself to him (“I am a microdot computer array”) and lures him onto the Road in search of his unknown father. And then there are the time-traveling dragons of Bel’kwinith, who originally made the Road …
In what frankly struck me as a rather gimmicky move by Roger Zelazny, the chapters of Roadmarks are all titled either One or Two; the first chapter is called “Two” and they alternate from there. The One chapters are linear and relate Red’s ongoing adventures. The Twos, about his would-be assassins and other characters that Red meets up with on the Road, are nonlinear and almost completely random. Zelazny told the story that he put all of the Two chapters on pieces of paper, shuffled them up and simply inserted them into his draft of the book in that order, although he admitted that his publisher eventually convinced him to put at least a few of these chapters in an order that made a little more sense.
Like the other two experimental novels I’ve read by Zelazny in recent months, A Night in the Lonesome October and Doorways in the Sand, Roadmarks is essentially one big mental puzzle, where Zelazny is hiding the ball from the reader on exactly what’s going on until you get quite deep into the novel. To get any real enjoyment out of these quirky and rather humorous novels, you just have to be on board with that approach and roll with it. For Roadmarks I had an entire page of notes that I took on each chapter of the book, just to try to keep all of the players and moving parts straight in my mind. It was definitely a challenging mental exercise!
The concept of the time-traveling Road is very much like that in Peter Clines‘s latest book, Paradox Bound; in fact, I think Clines owes Zelazny a rather large tip of the hat. The kaleidoscopic and non-linear nature of Roadmarks can be fairly confusing, though, and in the end I found it not as intrinsically appealing as A Night in the Lonesome October. But the many colorful characters ― both fictional (some, like Doc Savage, borrowed from pulp novels) and historical ― and Zelazny’s sheer inventiveness are impressive. Roadmarks strikes me as the type of novel that may improve greatly on reread, and at less than 200 pages, I’m sure I’ll be tempted to give it another shot sometime.
Feb. 2018 buddy read with the Zelazny group. Thanks to Evgeny (who formed the Roger Zelazny Newbies group and urges us on) and the buddy read gang!...more
karen and I were just discussing the excellent fantasy short story, Singing of Mount Abora, in her review thread for that story by Theodora Gos[image]
karen and I were just discussing the excellent fantasy short story, Singing of Mount Abora, in her review thread for that story by Theodora Goss (read it! it's free online). Since it's inspired in part by Samuel Taylor Coleridge's classic poem "Kubla Khan," I told her to reread this short poem before reading Goss's story (here's a copy of the poem).
I'm not sure she's forgiven me for that.
So I reread "Kubla Khan" myself just now. It's fragmentary and dreamlike, with no plot (maybe there would have been a plot if that blasted person from Porlock hadn't interrupted Coleridge's creative frame of mind). But it has wonderful imagery and is so evocative. Plus who can resist the Romantic Era sexiness?
A savage place! as holy and enchanted As e’er beneath a waning moon was haunted By woman wailing for her demon-lover! And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething, As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing, A mighty fountain momently was forced: Amid whose swift half-intermitted burst Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail ...
The poet’s dream occurred in 1797 (some say 1798), and he published his account of the dream in 1816 as a gloss or a justification of the unfinished poem. Twenty years later the first western version of one of those universal histories that are so abundant in Persian literature appeared in Paris, in fragmentary form—the General History of the World by Rashid al-Din, which dates from the fourteenth century. One line reads as follows; “East of Shang-tu, Kubla Khan built a palace according to a plan that he had seen in a dream and retained in his memory.” Rashid al-Din was the Vizir of Ghazan Mahmud, a descendant of Kubla.
A thirteenth-century Mongolian emperor dreams a palace and then builds it according to his dream; an eighteenth-century English poet (who could not have known that the structure was derived from a dream) dreams a poem about the palace. ... The first dreamer was given the vision of the palace and he built it; the second, who did not know of the other’s dream, was given the poem about the palace. If the plan does not fail, some reader of “Kubla Khan” will dream, on a night centuries removed from us, of marble or of music. This man will not know that two others also dreamed. Perhaps the series of dreams has no end, or perhaps the last one who dreams will have the key.
A Jesuit priest, the astrophysicist on a space crew voyaging to explore the Phoenix Nebula, is having a crisis of faith. He has always been ab[image]
A Jesuit priest, the astrophysicist on a space crew voyaging to explore the Phoenix Nebula, is having a crisis of faith. He has always been able to blend religious faith and scientific knowledge in his life, but what he finds out at the destination of their voyage shakes him to the core.
"It is three thousand light-years to the Vatican. Once, I believed that space could have no power over faith, just as I believed the heavens declared the glory of God’s handwork. Now I have seen that handiwork, and my faith is sorely troubled."
"The Star" is a somber, poignant, and beautifully-told story. It deals with questions of belief, as well as the magnificent and wonderful things in our universe. I feel like Arthur C. Clarke loaded the dice a little to make his story more dramatic (view spoiler)[by having the people whose lives were destroyed by a supernova be apparently so happy, kind and lovely in every way (hide spoiler)], but that's a minor quibble.
This story raises the fundamental question of, how can a loving God allow (or perhaps even cause) terrible things to happen? I don't believe Clarke tries to answer that question, and probably the story is stronger because he didn't try. On one level it may be viewed as anti-religious, but after reading it again I don't think it's that simple or straightforward.
Clarke has a quite different take on religion in another equally well-known and much anthologized short story, The Nine Billion Names of God. It makes for an interesting contrast with this one.
2022 reread: I started reading the upcoming novel What Moves the Dead (by one of my favorite authors, T. Kingfisher (Ursula Vernon) and realized that 2022 reread: I started reading the upcoming novel What Moves the Dead (by one of my favorite authors, T. Kingfisher (Ursula Vernon) and realized that it’s a novelization of this famous story by Poe. So I put a pin in her novel to do a quick reread of this story. It’s as creepy and atmospheric and filled with decay as I remembered! The dual meaning of the title is reflected in several dualities within the tale itself: the Usher siblings, the mouldering house and family, the sounds of the story being read by the narrator echoing in actuality — it would be interesting to see how many more dualities are there if I looked harder!
Original review: Edgar Allan Poe's "The Fall of the House of Usher" is one of the original haunted house tales. This story embodies old-fashioned gothic horror.
[image] Arthur Rackham illustration
The unnamed narrator tells of his visit to the dreary country home of his boyhood friend, Roderick Usher. He notices (and describes at length) how both Roderick and his house are crumbling at the edges. Roderick is a deeply mentally disturbed person; his sister Madeline, who wafts past the two men once without regarding them, seems equally troubled, but in different ways. And there's something unexpressed but troubling about the relationship between brother and sister.*
[image] 1919 illustration for this story by Harry Clarke. It doesn't seem to track the story exactly, but it's certainly a weirdly marvelous drawing
This story struck me at first as too verbose - Poe gets perhaps a bit carried away with his descriptions of decay, both in the narrator's friend, Roderick Usher, and in his sister (who at different times reminded me of a ghost or a vampire), and in their house itself. But things get creepier as the story moves along, and the ending is truly chilling.
The physical house of the Ushers, with its large crack in its walls, and its decrepitude and instability, is mirrored in the persons of Roderick Usher and his twin sister. "House of Usher," of course, can mean either the physical house or the family dynasty, a point Poe makes expressly clear. "Usher," too, reverbates with meaning: what kind of a godforsaken place is the narrator - and we as readers - being ushered into?
*SparkNotes offers this opinion: "The family has no enduring branches, so all genetic transmission has occurred incestuously within the domain of the house." Ewww!
3.5 stars. I hadn't heard of this particular story by Nathaniel Hawthorne until I read Theodora Goss' 2017 novel The Strange Case of the Alchemist's D3.5 stars. I hadn't heard of this particular story by Nathaniel Hawthorne until I read Theodora Goss' 2017 novel The Strange Case of the Alchemist's Daughter, a fantasy set in the Victorian era which includes Beatrice Rappachini as one of its cast of characters (along with a couple of Dr. Jekyll's daughters, a woman created by Dr. Frankenstein, and a cat-like woman from the island of Dr. Moreau. Quite the cast!). Since I was familiar with all of the source literature for all of those characters except Beatrice, I thought I owed it to her to check out her in the original story.
Giovanni Guasconti is a handsome young man studying at the University of Padua. His living quarter look out over a lush but ominous garden belonging to a Dr. Rappaccini. While Giovanni is gazing out, the doctor's daughter appears in the garden:
Soon there emerged from under a sculptured portal the figure of a young girl, arrayed with as much richness of taste as the most splendid of the flowers, beautiful as the day, and with a bloom so deep and vivid that one shade more would have been too much. She looked redundant with life, health, and energy... Yet Giovanni's fancy must have grown morbid while he looked down into the garden; for the impression which the fair stranger made upon him was as if here were another flower, the human sister of those vegetable ones, as beautiful as they, more beautiful than the richest of them, but still to be touched only with a glove, nor to be approached without a mask.
Beatrice has been living among her father's poisonous plants for so long that she's been imbued with their poison - normal plants wither when she breaths on them, and there's something very odd about her breath ...
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But Giovanni can't resist the beauty of Beatrice, and manages to find a way into the garden to strike up a relationship with her. She's as kind and intelligent as she is beautiful. His landlord, Professor Baglioni, warns him about Beatrice and her garden - both are lovely but poisonous to ordinary men - but Giovanni isn't of a mind to listen. Perhaps Professor Baglioni may have an answer for Giovanni, but can the professor be trusted?
"Rappacchini's Daughter" was published in 1844, and it has the detailed, stylized writing of the time, which can get a little hard to wade through. It's an interesting allegory of good and evil, the poisonous Garden of Eden, and the quest for knowledge - but at what cost? The key characters in this story all have both a good and a darker side to them, but it comes out in different ways for each character. As usual with Hawthorne, there's a lot of symbolism, and a strong moral to the tale.
I was a little startled to find that Beatrice and her lover get a far different ending in this original tale than in Goss' Alchemist's Daughter.
This classic 1853 Herman Melville novella is absurd and bleak, darkly humorous and heart-wrenching at the same time. It's the first time I've read it This classic 1853 Herman Melville novella is absurd and bleak, darkly humorous and heart-wrenching at the same time. It's the first time I've read it since a college English course years ago, when I didn’t much care for it. I appreciated it much more this time around.
Bartleby is a scrivener - essentially, a human copy machine, back in the pre-Xerox days - working for a Manhattan-based lawyer who is the narrator of the tale. His co-workers: two other irritable scriveners of dubious temperament, and a office boy, identified only by their odd nicknames. Initially an industrious employee, Bartleby declines to participate in certain normal office tasks, giving no reason other than his oft-repeated mantra: "I would prefer not to." <----If you say if often and implacably enough, other people will grudgingly accept it and move on.
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But as Bartleby's reluctance to do his work expands to more and more tasks until it becomes all-consuming, his employer, though sympathetic to Bartleby's forlorn, lonely life, has to decide what to do with him.
Bartleby is an elusive work. It's partly a cry out against materialism and the dehumanizing effect of the pursuit of money (the subtitle is "A Story of Wall Street") and partly an examination of isolation and depression, but there's much more to it, and it defies easy explanation. Some observations toward the ending are heart-wrenching:
Dead letters! does it not sound like dead men? Conceive a man by nature and misfortune prone to a pallid hopelessness, can any business seem more fitted to heighten it than that of continually handling these dead letters, and assorting them for the flames? ... a bank-note sent in swiftest charity:—he whom it would relieve, nor eats nor hungers any more; pardon for those who died despairing; hope for those who died unhoping; good tidings for those who died stifled by unrelieved calamities. On errands of life, these letters speed to death.
Gah! Those last lines killed me!
And just because it's interesting, I'll share the one observation my college English professor made that has stuck with me through the years. There's a reference in the end to Bartleby sleeping "with kings and counselors" that the professor pointed out is a reference to these lines from the Bible:
"13 For now should I have lain still and been quiet, I should have slept; then would I have been at rest 14 with kings and counselors of the earth, who built desolate places for themselves, 15 or with princes that had gold, who filled their houses with silver"
Job 3:13-15 (KJV) - It's a reference not just to death, but to a certain equality men have in death, despite their differences in worldly fortunes. Food for thought, like so much of this story!...more
A Victorian ghost story by Oscar Wilde! [image] 4.5 stars. Wilde deftly combines an occasionally grisly haunting, old-fashioned sentiment, a small droA Victorian ghost story by Oscar Wilde! [image] 4.5 stars. Wilde deftly combines an occasionally grisly haunting, old-fashioned sentiment, a small droplet of romance, and a large helping of dry wit in this 1887 novella about a rather brash American family that buys a haunted mansion in Victorian England. This story makes fun of some British and American stereotypes of the day, but is oddly touching at the same time.
Mr Otis, the American Minister (whatever that means, or meant), moves his family into a mansion called Canterville Chase, despite earnest warnings from the prior owner, Lord Canterville ("a man of the most punctilious honour"), about the ghost that's been haunting the home for 300 years, since 1584. Mr Otis dismisses the story, stating categorically that there's no such thing as a ghost.
The Otis family--the parents, an older son ("christened Washington by his parents in a moment of patriotism, which he never ceased to regret"), a gravely sweet 15 year old daughter named Virginia, and two younger twin boys who would give Red Chief a run for his money--has a surprise coming. There is in fact a ghost and, like a true artiste, he takes a great deal of pride in his work ... you know, appearing in various bloody guises, breaking up engagements, driving people to suicide and such. It doesn't take the Otis family long to admit they were wrong about the existence of ghosts. But the ghost, too, has a surprise or two coming. [image] It's a bit predictable, perhaps, but great fun for a ghost story, and a quick, light and enjoyable read. I love Oscar Wilde's brand of humor.
Upping my rating to 5 stars on reread. I have to hand it to Daphne du Maurier: she takes the fusty old gothic novel conventions and tropes, and[image]
Upping my rating to 5 stars on reread. I have to hand it to Daphne du Maurier: she takes the fusty old gothic novel conventions and tropes, and amps them up in this 1936 novel. The setting is classic gothic―it's the 1820s in a lonely, cold and windswept area of Cornwall, near the treacherous Bodmin Moor, in a decaying inn that all honest people avoid.
[image] The real Jamaica Inn, built in 1750, which inspired this novel
An isolated, orphaned young woman, 23 year old Mary Yellan, comes to stay with the pretty and outgoing aunt and handsome uncle that she remembers hearing about in letters that her mother received years ago, but finds that he is a hulking, abusive man and her aunt is now beaten and downtrodden. Something terrible is going on at Jamaica Inn, where her brutal uncle is the innkeeper, and Mary can't resist trying to figure it out. Even though she's warned off by, well, pretty much everyone. The only person Mary is willing to trust is the softspoken, albino vicar of a nearby village, who helps Mary a couple of times when she's lost or in trouble, but he lives a few miles away from the inn.
Du Maurier injects elements of true horror―not the supernatural kind, but what can be in people's hearts. Her Aunt Patience (aptly named) is an abused woman who stays with and takes care of her bully of a husband. Du Maurier also includes a very dubious romantic interest for Mary, her uncle's younger brother Jem, a habitual horse thief in whose lawless way of life and his rather careless treatment of Mary I could see some seeds of what his older brother became. It's not a book that left me entirely comfortable in the end ... but I think that's what the author wanted.
Well played, Daphne!
P.S. I strongly recommend that you avoid spoilers, including the Wikipedia article, which gives away the goings on right up front. I had great fun speculating on what exactly was going on at the inn. I was close, but it was worse than I thought. The final twist I guessed, but it was still creepy.
Some of the elements in this story reminded me powerfully of a 1997 movie that in a few ways is like a 20th century version of Jamaica Inn:(view spoiler)[ [image] with Kurt Russell and Kathleen Quinlan (hide spoiler)]...more