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Atom Land: A Guided Tour Through the Strange and Impossibly Small World of Particle Physics
For fans of Seven Brief Lessons on Physics and Astrophysics for People in a Hurry: a richly conjured world, in map and metaphor, of particle physics
Atom Land brings the impossibly small world of particle physics to life, taking readers on a guided journey through the subatomic world. Readers will sail the subatomic seas in search of electron ports, boson continents, and hadron islands. The sea itself is the quantum field, complete with quantum waves. Beware dark energy and extra dimensions, embodied by fantastical sea creatures prowling the far edges of the known world.
Your tour guide through this whimsical—and highly instructive— world is Jon Butterworth, leading physicist at CERN (the epicenter of today’s greatest findings in physics). Over a series of journeys, he shows how everything fits together, and how a grasp of particle physics is key to unlocking a deeper understanding of many of the most profound mysteries—and science’s possible answers—in the known universe.
Atom Land brings the impossibly small world of particle physics to life, taking readers on a guided journey through the subatomic world. Readers will sail the subatomic seas in search of electron ports, boson continents, and hadron islands. The sea itself is the quantum field, complete with quantum waves. Beware dark energy and extra dimensions, embodied by fantastical sea creatures prowling the far edges of the known world.
Your tour guide through this whimsical—and highly instructive— world is Jon Butterworth, leading physicist at CERN (the epicenter of today’s greatest findings in physics). Over a series of journeys, he shows how everything fits together, and how a grasp of particle physics is key to unlocking a deeper understanding of many of the most profound mysteries—and science’s possible answers—in the known universe.
304 pages, Hardcover
First published March 20, 2018
About the author
Jon Butterworth
5 books47 followersJon Butterworth is a physics professor at University College London, and a member of the Atlas experiment at Cern's Large Hadron Collider.
He also writes for various places including The Guardian, Aeon and Cosmic Shambles.
Links to that and more, including news about public appearances, corrections and comments on his books, and other information can be found here.
He also writes for various places including The Guardian, Aeon and Cosmic Shambles.
Links to that and more, including news about public appearances, corrections and comments on his books, and other information can be found here.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 103 reviews
April 4, 2018
Ben is still split on this one, folks. Atom Land: A Guided Tour Through the Strange (And Impossibly Small) World of Particle Physics tries to teach us about … well, particle physics. Specifically, Jon Butterworth takes us on a tour of the different particles in the Standard Model of physics, explains the three fundamental forces that interact with them, and then expands our horizons by briefly touching on the frontiers of physics research. The subject matter is fascinating, and Butterworth’s presentation of it is generally pretty interesting. Yet the book itself never quite gels for me. Thanks to NetGalley and the publisher for the eARC.
The title of this book is literally the metaphor Butterworth uses throughout: he pitches this as a journey through the land of particle physics, starting at the Isle of Leptons and taking us all the way to the high-energy land of Bosonia on the eastern edge of the map. I’m so ambivalent about this metaphor. I think I mostly hate it, because it sounds so contrived. But there are parts that managed to get to me—and the little maps at the start of each section are cute! So your mileage may vary, and maybe this is the metaphor that finally helps you make sense of particle physics. Probably not though.
Butterworth promises early on that he won’t throw any equations at us. This is a fairly standard boilerplate promise in the popular physics book game these days. Atom Land adheres to the letter of this promise but not, I submit, it spirit: there are a few times when Butterworth basically writes in words the equivalent of an equation, and if that isn’t splitting hairs, I don’t know what is. I also don’t agree with this received wisdom that equations should be avoided at all costs. Sometimes equations are elegant, beautiful ways of demonstrating physics. You don’t need to understand or be able to manipulate them to appreciate how they bring together, for example, various forces. And in attempting to avoid the use of equations, Butterworth, like so many other authors of these books, ends up going through contortions or explaining things in a tortured way that ultimately make less sense (in my opinion).
Indeed, one of my major reservations about Atom Land is simply that I’m having a hard time pinning down the intended audience. The first part of the book spends a long time explaining how modern quantum physics understands the nature of a “particle” and wave-particle duality. Yet it isn’t long before Butterworth is throwing around terms that a lot of newbies won’t understand or be able to grasp the way he’s explaining them. Combined with the utter dearth of images and figures, aside from the maps that preface each section, and this makes for some uneven reading.
I will give Atom Land this bit of praise, though: Butterworth spends a lot of time explaining the weak force, and I definitely understand it a lot better than I did before reading this! In particular, he covers concepts like chirality and helicity, which either I’ve never seen mentioned before in any physics books, or I must have totally forgotten about them. Again, the level of his explanations occasionally seems uneven in complexity, but I think I got the gist of it. And it led to some fascinating insights into the weak force, the nature of antimatter, and why symmetry is so important to physics. Moreover, Butterworth often touches on the possibility of finding a “theory of everything” and makes important points each time why that isn’t really the right way to look at physics and science.
It occurred to me while I was reading that it must take a lot of confidence to write a popular physics book these days. There just seems to be so many out there—you must really think you’ve got what it takes, or got something others don’t, for your book to do something the other books haven’t. So, good on Butterworth for taking that leap and writing this book. It’s a decent book. But all it really did was make me want to re-read Knocking on Heaven’s Door , by Lisa Randall, which had an excellent and more concise explanation of the Standard Model—complete with a diagram!
Atom Land stays true to its conceit the entire way through, and Butterworth attempts to explain the fundamental forces of our universe in clear terms. I think he mostly succeeds, but his style doesn’t quite work for me, and there are parts of the book that seem inconsistent in tone and difficulty level. It’s all right, but it’s messy in places. Then again, I guess that’s physics these days.
The title of this book is literally the metaphor Butterworth uses throughout: he pitches this as a journey through the land of particle physics, starting at the Isle of Leptons and taking us all the way to the high-energy land of Bosonia on the eastern edge of the map. I’m so ambivalent about this metaphor. I think I mostly hate it, because it sounds so contrived. But there are parts that managed to get to me—and the little maps at the start of each section are cute! So your mileage may vary, and maybe this is the metaphor that finally helps you make sense of particle physics. Probably not though.
Butterworth promises early on that he won’t throw any equations at us. This is a fairly standard boilerplate promise in the popular physics book game these days. Atom Land adheres to the letter of this promise but not, I submit, it spirit: there are a few times when Butterworth basically writes in words the equivalent of an equation, and if that isn’t splitting hairs, I don’t know what is. I also don’t agree with this received wisdom that equations should be avoided at all costs. Sometimes equations are elegant, beautiful ways of demonstrating physics. You don’t need to understand or be able to manipulate them to appreciate how they bring together, for example, various forces. And in attempting to avoid the use of equations, Butterworth, like so many other authors of these books, ends up going through contortions or explaining things in a tortured way that ultimately make less sense (in my opinion).
Indeed, one of my major reservations about Atom Land is simply that I’m having a hard time pinning down the intended audience. The first part of the book spends a long time explaining how modern quantum physics understands the nature of a “particle” and wave-particle duality. Yet it isn’t long before Butterworth is throwing around terms that a lot of newbies won’t understand or be able to grasp the way he’s explaining them. Combined with the utter dearth of images and figures, aside from the maps that preface each section, and this makes for some uneven reading.
I will give Atom Land this bit of praise, though: Butterworth spends a lot of time explaining the weak force, and I definitely understand it a lot better than I did before reading this! In particular, he covers concepts like chirality and helicity, which either I’ve never seen mentioned before in any physics books, or I must have totally forgotten about them. Again, the level of his explanations occasionally seems uneven in complexity, but I think I got the gist of it. And it led to some fascinating insights into the weak force, the nature of antimatter, and why symmetry is so important to physics. Moreover, Butterworth often touches on the possibility of finding a “theory of everything” and makes important points each time why that isn’t really the right way to look at physics and science.
It occurred to me while I was reading that it must take a lot of confidence to write a popular physics book these days. There just seems to be so many out there—you must really think you’ve got what it takes, or got something others don’t, for your book to do something the other books haven’t. So, good on Butterworth for taking that leap and writing this book. It’s a decent book. But all it really did was make me want to re-read Knocking on Heaven’s Door , by Lisa Randall, which had an excellent and more concise explanation of the Standard Model—complete with a diagram!
Atom Land stays true to its conceit the entire way through, and Butterworth attempts to explain the fundamental forces of our universe in clear terms. I think he mostly succeeds, but his style doesn’t quite work for me, and there are parts of the book that seem inconsistent in tone and difficulty level. It’s all right, but it’s messy in places. Then again, I guess that’s physics these days.
April 15, 2019
Apart from the fascinating subject dealt with, it is impressive how the author manages to explain a complex scientific knowledge such as particle physics in an understandable way for the non-specialized reader. The analogy of the map works great.
November 1, 2017
I am obliged to The Experiment (independent publisher) for providing me an Advance Reader Copy of the American edition through NetGalley.
This is a wonderful book. I quickly grew tired of the travel metaphor that Prof. Butterworth uses, but shed that imagined weariness when he got into weak forces and by the end, was a wholehearted fan. I have not come across a better, layperson's explanation of particle physics than this book. No, it's not rigorously mathematically bound, nor is this a classroom text. What it is is an eminently readable, broad scope relation of particle physics from atoms to major subparticles to constituents and carriers and offspring/by products...to the theoretical beyond.
I have more than a passing, if infrequent, interest, and somewhat more than average (but far less than a practicing physicist's) understanding of particle physics, quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics; Butterworth's descriptions are marvelous summaries of the prevailing theories, their histories, their interrelations. I came away with a better understanding of the weak force and associated bosons than before.
I can gush all day on this...it's very good. It takes a highly knowledgeable and skilled writer to distill complex concepts to easily understandable form, and Butterworth is that writer. Are there other books that can give yo more? Of course...but unless you really want to dig deep into the differential equatin, tensor math, and whatever other bizarre constructs found the science, this does well.
A couple of author/editor/publisher notes:
- I totally understand the aim at simplicity, but a few companion diagrams illustrating helicity, chirality would be helpful to those completely unfamiliar with the concepts (picture...1,000 words...right?) and in at least one section the avoidance of equations could be well served by a footnote/endnote reference to the comparison of Maxwell's original 20 equations to their simpler four equations in vector form. Sure, people can look them up, but it wouldn't hurt to put them in an aftersection.
- I love the retro tasters at the start of each chapter! (I had to ask a research guru friend for the term for them...my searches didn't return what I thought they were.) Nice touch.
This is a wonderful book. I quickly grew tired of the travel metaphor that Prof. Butterworth uses, but shed that imagined weariness when he got into weak forces and by the end, was a wholehearted fan. I have not come across a better, layperson's explanation of particle physics than this book. No, it's not rigorously mathematically bound, nor is this a classroom text. What it is is an eminently readable, broad scope relation of particle physics from atoms to major subparticles to constituents and carriers and offspring/by products...to the theoretical beyond.
I have more than a passing, if infrequent, interest, and somewhat more than average (but far less than a practicing physicist's) understanding of particle physics, quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics; Butterworth's descriptions are marvelous summaries of the prevailing theories, their histories, their interrelations. I came away with a better understanding of the weak force and associated bosons than before.
I can gush all day on this...it's very good. It takes a highly knowledgeable and skilled writer to distill complex concepts to easily understandable form, and Butterworth is that writer. Are there other books that can give yo more? Of course...but unless you really want to dig deep into the differential equatin, tensor math, and whatever other bizarre constructs found the science, this does well.
A couple of author/editor/publisher notes:
- I totally understand the aim at simplicity, but a few companion diagrams illustrating helicity, chirality would be helpful to those completely unfamiliar with the concepts (picture...1,000 words...right?) and in at least one section the avoidance of equations could be well served by a footnote/endnote reference to the comparison of Maxwell's original 20 equations to their simpler four equations in vector form. Sure, people can look them up, but it wouldn't hurt to put them in an aftersection.
- I love the retro tasters at the start of each chapter! (I had to ask a research guru friend for the term for them...my searches didn't return what I thought they were.) Nice touch.
February 18, 2021
I won't pretend to understand all of the concepts put forth in this book. However, the author did an amazing job of utilizing narrative and analogies to make this book accessible to those of us who are interested in physics but that don't have the necessary toolset to understand what is going on in that field of research. Unlike a lecture, it was interesting and kept moving at a pace that was easy to digest.
March 13, 2022
This is a surprisingly difficult book, although one of the best of its kind. The author construes the whole realm of quantum physics as a gigantic map (Atom Land) through which we travel as we learn the concepts of quantum mechanics and particle physics. Now, considering the complexity of the material it endeavors to teach, it is surprising this book works at all. Quantum mechanics is notoriously complicated, and many of its fundamental assumptions are controversial and open to multiple interpretations. So, we should not expect an introductory book on quantum mechanics to be light reading. So on this account it is one of the better introductory books on the subject, along with Richard Feynman’s excellent publications.
To be perfectly honest, I read the book multiple times in order to revisit the more difficult passages. The book is far more than just a surface-level introduction to the behavior of particles and delves into more advanced concepts such as chirality, symmetry, Chromodynamics, and philosophical concepts regarding the nature of explanation and causation.
The real question is, do the author’s analogies work? Yes and no.
He attempts to explain quantum mechanics using the analogy of a map, starting at an ocean at the west side and moving further east as energies change. Along the way, we encounter islands airports, lagoons, volcanoes, forests, and the like. There is the island of quarks, the wave lagoon, Hadron island, and so forth. The strong and weak nuclear forces are represented by planes and railway systems, the Dirac equations are represented by a ship, and there are several characters we meet along the way, including dolphins, a captain, and a musician. I have to say most of the illustrations were helpful to me however they are a little confusing sometimes and it would’ve been better if the author had been consistent and not just suddenly abandoned them in some parts. Another point I found confusing: the whole concept of moving east was supposed to represent an increase in energy levels, however this doesn’t actually apply to several of the new lands, and he abruptly adds a new hemisphere to his map 3/4 of the way through the book to represent anti-particles with inverted charge.
When explaining Bosons and virtual particles, his analogies break down significantly, such that by the time we reach the land of virtual particles, the best he can do is ask the reader to image a world of randomly exploding volcanoes (although, perhaps this is indicative of the chaotic state of physics today). So, the reader might see his examples as a little ad hoc. Still, the book stands as an excellent introduction for somebody with a basic grasp of physics and mathematics, and you will be hard pressed to find a more comprehensive and clear introduction to the subject.
To be perfectly honest, I read the book multiple times in order to revisit the more difficult passages. The book is far more than just a surface-level introduction to the behavior of particles and delves into more advanced concepts such as chirality, symmetry, Chromodynamics, and philosophical concepts regarding the nature of explanation and causation.
The real question is, do the author’s analogies work? Yes and no.
He attempts to explain quantum mechanics using the analogy of a map, starting at an ocean at the west side and moving further east as energies change. Along the way, we encounter islands airports, lagoons, volcanoes, forests, and the like. There is the island of quarks, the wave lagoon, Hadron island, and so forth. The strong and weak nuclear forces are represented by planes and railway systems, the Dirac equations are represented by a ship, and there are several characters we meet along the way, including dolphins, a captain, and a musician. I have to say most of the illustrations were helpful to me however they are a little confusing sometimes and it would’ve been better if the author had been consistent and not just suddenly abandoned them in some parts. Another point I found confusing: the whole concept of moving east was supposed to represent an increase in energy levels, however this doesn’t actually apply to several of the new lands, and he abruptly adds a new hemisphere to his map 3/4 of the way through the book to represent anti-particles with inverted charge.
When explaining Bosons and virtual particles, his analogies break down significantly, such that by the time we reach the land of virtual particles, the best he can do is ask the reader to image a world of randomly exploding volcanoes (although, perhaps this is indicative of the chaotic state of physics today). So, the reader might see his examples as a little ad hoc. Still, the book stands as an excellent introduction for somebody with a basic grasp of physics and mathematics, and you will be hard pressed to find a more comprehensive and clear introduction to the subject.
February 12, 2019
*I received a free copy of this book from NetGalley in exchange for an honest review.
A Map of the Invisible: Journeys into Particle Physics was an excellent introduction to some of the most complex ideas in particle physics for a non-expert.
As the title suggests the book structures its explanations by using a map metaphor to explain many concepts with each new idea added to the pictured map at the beginning of the chapter. As a physicist this idea of exploring a map sometimes seemed irrelevant but I think it will really help the causal reader to organise the wide variety of particle physic concepts covered and see how they link to each other.
I thought the writing style was wonderful and most of the explanations were very clear and well thought out. Some concepts even made more sense to me after reading them in this book. I think that many will take away a better understanding of particle physics after reading this book.
I liked the topics that were covered in the book and the order they were tackled in. I think that the parts at the end considering new and as-of-yet unproven theories were the most difficult to understand. But I appreciated the attempts to explain string theory and multiple extra dimensions without a single equation.
I would recommend this book to A-Level Physics students with an interest in particle physics for further reading. It would also interest many adults who have a scientific background and want to learn more about this topic.
A Map of the Invisible: Journeys into Particle Physics was an excellent introduction to some of the most complex ideas in particle physics for a non-expert.
As the title suggests the book structures its explanations by using a map metaphor to explain many concepts with each new idea added to the pictured map at the beginning of the chapter. As a physicist this idea of exploring a map sometimes seemed irrelevant but I think it will really help the causal reader to organise the wide variety of particle physic concepts covered and see how they link to each other.
I thought the writing style was wonderful and most of the explanations were very clear and well thought out. Some concepts even made more sense to me after reading them in this book. I think that many will take away a better understanding of particle physics after reading this book.
I liked the topics that were covered in the book and the order they were tackled in. I think that the parts at the end considering new and as-of-yet unproven theories were the most difficult to understand. But I appreciated the attempts to explain string theory and multiple extra dimensions without a single equation.
I would recommend this book to A-Level Physics students with an interest in particle physics for further reading. It would also interest many adults who have a scientific background and want to learn more about this topic.
February 27, 2019
I'm giving this book four stars, but I think this is more or less a must-read for laymen interested in learning more about particle physics. The author does a good job of explaining what he's talking about, especially when he strays from the simile of his map.
This is the major failing of this book -- the idea of the map largely seems to be there to serve as flavor, not metaphor, and this distinction is not made clear from the get-go. To make matters more confusing, the author does attempt to directly relate certain aspects of the journey with the phenomena he talks about, but this doesn't quite work because the author doesn't follow through. What I mean is that the author freely moves between abandoning his metaphor when convenient, leading to long and fascinating explanations of real experimental results, and then attempting to relate physical phenomena to the concept of his airlines and cities -- a metaphor that never quite takes root in the mind of the reader, in part because the long explanations given outside the metaphor no longer fit neatly within it, and also because instances of using the land as flavor rather than metaphor abound.
Even so, this book is capable of providing a lot of information in an easy to digest manner.
FYI, There is a small typo on page 268 where the line beginning with 'There would be a need...' should really read 'There would NOT be a need...'.
This is the major failing of this book -- the idea of the map largely seems to be there to serve as flavor, not metaphor, and this distinction is not made clear from the get-go. To make matters more confusing, the author does attempt to directly relate certain aspects of the journey with the phenomena he talks about, but this doesn't quite work because the author doesn't follow through. What I mean is that the author freely moves between abandoning his metaphor when convenient, leading to long and fascinating explanations of real experimental results, and then attempting to relate physical phenomena to the concept of his airlines and cities -- a metaphor that never quite takes root in the mind of the reader, in part because the long explanations given outside the metaphor no longer fit neatly within it, and also because instances of using the land as flavor rather than metaphor abound.
Even so, this book is capable of providing a lot of information in an easy to digest manner.
FYI, There is a small typo on page 268 where the line beginning with 'There would be a need...' should really read 'There would NOT be a need...'.
August 27, 2018
A quick, entertaining read. Tough going for me in the beginning, because it was covering stuff I know very well already and doing so inside an annoying (to me) story of traveling between different islands representing different classes of subatomic particles. Maps of those islands, reminiscent of those in A Wizard of Earthsea and similar fantasy stories were attractive, but added little for me. The book really started to become interesting to me only when it started discussing the weak nuclear force, which I've studied much less than other ideas in physics. Near the end, there are a few short chapters on more speculative theories (super-symmetry, string theories, etc.) going beyond the standard model that are treated here with appropriate skepticism, but not outright dismissal.
September 2, 2020
This has to be one of the most fun books on particle physics I have ever read! Jon Butterworth has such a novel way of explaining quite difficult concepts such as quantum fields and all that comes with the standard model, delivered in a fun yet very informative way. I learnt a lot from this book!
It was an effortless read and I thoroughly enjoyed the journey. The map was such a good idea and the author was also hilariously funny and very gifted in communicating science to the scientist and non scientist alike.
I think everyone with an interest in this field or fancies picking up a great book on physics, this would be the one!
It was an effortless read and I thoroughly enjoyed the journey. The map was such a good idea and the author was also hilariously funny and very gifted in communicating science to the scientist and non scientist alike.
I think everyone with an interest in this field or fancies picking up a great book on physics, this would be the one!
June 3, 2024
I thought the book was well written and the use of metaphors helped me understand better the complicated topics of particle physics. That’s not to say I didn’t struggle with understanding some of the topics of the book but I recommend it for anyone interested in that subject.
June 14, 2019
I was randomly talking with my students a bit ago about black holes, and we somehow got to the topic of subatomic particles. They, of course, had questions and I couldn't answer many of them so I promised them I would research up some information and get back to them. So I stumbled upon this book as my introduction to particle physics. I was intrigued by his analogy idea of describing the landscape of subatomic particles as an actual landscape of islands. It was a good idea and gave a great conceptualization of how subatomic particles are arranged and organized. I thought Butterworth was just going to use the analogy as a way show a comparison of the size and charge of particles, but he went full in on the analogy. He used it to describe the behaviors, interactions, and theories of the particles. He used the analogy of roads, trains, and airplanes as a way to represent the forces acting on the particles. It really was a genius use of an analogy, and he got a lot out of it. However, I do feel that he relied on the analogy too much at times and tried to squeeze more out of it than he should have. There were times where Butterworth should have just explained the concept in a normal, straightforward way instead of beating around the bush with an extended analogy. I learned a lot from the book though, and it gave me enough information to return to my students with a short quantum particle presentation :)
November 19, 2019
It is a good book with great information but much of it was way over my head! This goes so far beyond chemistry or physics and I learned an awful lot though the analogies and Butterworth’s road map were at times confusing. Still a worthy read for anyone interested in understanding more about matter, anti-matter, and electromagnetivity in the most detail we know of at the time.
August 14, 2018
You Thought the Atom Was the Smallest Unit of Matter!
Written by Jon Butterworth, and published by The Experiment, LLC in 2018, this book is an effort by a gifted writer and physicist to explain a very complex scientific understanding of the smallest things in the Universe to lay persons like you and me. We were probably taught that the atom was the smallest unit of matter, but it’s not. The author tells us with great detail about the ever smaller components of atoms, the building blocks of the Universe.
He begins his explanation of this extremely complex scientific field of thought and intellectual pursuit by comparing the world of subatomic particles to a group of islands in a sea, which the author travels to in a ship. On the map of these islands, the farther East the explorer travels, the higher the energies that are represented. In the extreme East, not much is really known, but much is theorized. He compares the theories to some of the stories of sea monsters told by ancient sailors after returning from their voyages. While there, he makes several expeditions into and between the islands, observing as he travels.
The first island is quite large, and is called the “Island of Leptons.” The port where the ship lands is called “Port Electron.” The island has no name at this point. In this, the first of the expeditions, the traveler explores the behavior of electromagnetism, telling us how it behaves like both a wave and a particle. He then immediately departs Port Electron for another, smaller, island just to the North, and this island is known as “Atom Land.” While visiting here, the author describes the nucleus of atoms, and how the number of protons fundamentally determine the natures of the elements they compose. He tells us, for example, that an atom of silicon would be changed into a different chemical element, with different physical and chemical properties, if a single proton was added or subtracted from its nucleus.
He now travels back to the first island, where his journey into this world began, and we learn the name of the larger island. It is the “Isle of Leptons.” In this chapter, the author further discusses electromagnetism and the concepts of spin and antimatter. From the Isle of Leptons, the author takes a ship to another small island, further East, called “Bosonia.” This is not to be confused with Bosnia. This island is named after the subatomic particle family known as “bosons.” After a brief look at the port of “Photon,” the ship returns to the Isle of Leptons. The Island of Bosonia is located right on the Equator, which is also the demarcation between matter and antimatter.
By now, the author’s explorations have told us about the interior of atoms, including the nucleus and its components. We have also discovered heavier copies of the electron, called the muon and the tau. We have discussed Leptons in detail, and we have figured out how electromagnetic force works. We have been introduced to photons, but not in any great detail.
The author goes on to discuss the four known forces: electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and the force of gravity. We learn that gravity is the weakest of the known forces. We are told that not a lot is known about gravity, and that some physicists feel that gravity should not be considered to be a force at all.
At this point, Butterworth launches into a discussion of symmetry, and its role in Standard Model and Quantum Physics. In this chapter, he tells us about gravitational waves and the LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory), a set of installations located in Hanford, Washington and Livingston, Louisiana. In February of 2016, the LIGO project announced the confirmation of the existence of gravity waves caused by the merger of two black holes. Gravitational waves were predicted by the theory of General Relativity, so this was an important discovery. It was the very first confirmation that gravity waves actually existed.
In the next section of the book, new islands are discovered: Hadron Island and the Isle of Quarks. We now investigate the elusive Quark and its properties of Up, Down, Top, Bottom, Strange and Charm. Hadrons are the building blocks of the atom. They include protons and neutrons, which are, of course, made up of even smaller particles. On Hadron Island, we are introduced to the Strong Nuclear Force. The author tells us how hadrons can decay into other hadrons, but that the neutron is so stable that it is never seen to decay, or alone without an accompanying proton, anywhere is the observed universe. We are told that protons can decay into many other hadrons, including the pion, which has only about a sixth of the mass of a proton. Hadrons come in two basic types: mesons and baryons. Baryons are heavier than mesons, and protons and neutron are examples of baryons.
The author then launches into an explanation of Quarks and the strong nuclear force. He tells us that all hadrons are made up of quarks—that baryons contain three quarks, and mesons contain two: a quark and an anti-quark. It is the strong force that binds these particles. The strong force is uniquely different from the other forces in that it does not grow weaker with increasing distance. Electromagnetic force and gravity both decrease in strength with the square of the distance, but not the strong force.
Now the author begins to describe the various instruments and techniques used to study these very small particles. Primarily it is very large particle colliders in placed like Germany, Switzerland, Chicago and Stanford University in California, to name a few. This discussion gets a little deep, and I’ll decline to provide more detail in this review.
In earlier chapters, the author has traveled between the islands by ship and train (across bridges), and by 4-wheel drive vehicle within the islands. These modes of transportation compare, roughly, to the forces that hold the particles together. Now the author introduces the airline that connects the ports and their cities on the various islands. It is the southernmost of the islands that are connected by the airline, which is a representation of the weak nuclear force. It connects bosons, quarks, leptons and hadrons.
In Expedition VI, the author tells us about Neutrinos. Once thought to have no mass at all, neutrinos are so small that they are able to pass entirely through the Earth with striking anything. Although first postulated by the Austrian theoretical physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1930, Neutrinos remained undetected by physicists until recent experiments in South Dakota and Sudbury, Ontario, Canada in the 1960s, and at the turn of the 21st Century. It was proved that neutrinos have differing masses and mix.
In Expedition VII, the explorers delve into Bosonia. This where the author details the concepts of conservation and symmetry. Symmetry turns out to be very important to bosons, and so to the nature of the Universe as we currently understand it. Also in this section, the author describes the occurrence of the number infinity in various calculations, and how infinity invalidates many theories. He also discusses the very strange notion of “virtual” particles.
In Chapter 31, the author tells us about the hunt for the very elusive Higgs boson. After having been predicted by physicist Peter Higgs of Edinburgh, along with physicists Francois Englert and Robert Brout in Belgium during the 1960s, its existence was finally confirmed by experiments in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Switzerland in 2012.
In the last section of the book, the author details some of the speculative and theoretical physics research being conducted in the world today. He mentions the possibility of a fifth force, and additional dimensions other than those of which we are currently aware. He leaves us with an expectation, and a hope, that physicists will continue to discover the building blocks of the universe in which we live.
This is an excellent book that is well-written and relatively easy to grasp (at least on a condensed basis). The subject matter is very complex, and some readers will not find it easy to follow the author’s explanations. I, however, found it to be very informative and educational. I liked it. Read it if you have a scientific bent, or if you have any curiosity about the makeup of the physical world in which we live. I award all five of the available five stars for this book, and I recommend it for serious readers with an interest in Science.
He begins his explanation of this extremely complex scientific field of thought and intellectual pursuit by comparing the world of subatomic particles to a group of islands in a sea, which the author travels to in a ship. On the map of these islands, the farther East the explorer travels, the higher the energies that are represented. In the extreme East, not much is really known, but much is theorized. He compares the theories to some of the stories of sea monsters told by ancient sailors after returning from their voyages. While there, he makes several expeditions into and between the islands, observing as he travels.
The first island is quite large, and is called the “Island of Leptons.” The port where the ship lands is called “Port Electron.” The island has no name at this point. In this, the first of the expeditions, the traveler explores the behavior of electromagnetism, telling us how it behaves like both a wave and a particle. He then immediately departs Port Electron for another, smaller, island just to the North, and this island is known as “Atom Land.” While visiting here, the author describes the nucleus of atoms, and how the number of protons fundamentally determine the natures of the elements they compose. He tells us, for example, that an atom of silicon would be changed into a different chemical element, with different physical and chemical properties, if a single proton was added or subtracted from its nucleus.
He now travels back to the first island, where his journey into this world began, and we learn the name of the larger island. It is the “Isle of Leptons.” In this chapter, the author further discusses electromagnetism and the concepts of spin and antimatter. From the Isle of Leptons, the author takes a ship to another small island, further East, called “Bosonia.” This is not to be confused with Bosnia. This island is named after the subatomic particle family known as “bosons.” After a brief look at the port of “Photon,” the ship returns to the Isle of Leptons. The Island of Bosonia is located right on the Equator, which is also the demarcation between matter and antimatter.
By now, the author’s explorations have told us about the interior of atoms, including the nucleus and its components. We have also discovered heavier copies of the electron, called the muon and the tau. We have discussed Leptons in detail, and we have figured out how electromagnetic force works. We have been introduced to photons, but not in any great detail.
The author goes on to discuss the four known forces: electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, and the force of gravity. We learn that gravity is the weakest of the known forces. We are told that not a lot is known about gravity, and that some physicists feel that gravity should not be considered to be a force at all.
At this point, Butterworth launches into a discussion of symmetry, and its role in Standard Model and Quantum Physics. In this chapter, he tells us about gravitational waves and the LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory), a set of installations located in Hanford, Washington and Livingston, Louisiana. In February of 2016, the LIGO project announced the confirmation of the existence of gravity waves caused by the merger of two black holes. Gravitational waves were predicted by the theory of General Relativity, so this was an important discovery. It was the very first confirmation that gravity waves actually existed.
In the next section of the book, new islands are discovered: Hadron Island and the Isle of Quarks. We now investigate the elusive Quark and its properties of Up, Down, Top, Bottom, Strange and Charm. Hadrons are the building blocks of the atom. They include protons and neutrons, which are, of course, made up of even smaller particles. On Hadron Island, we are introduced to the Strong Nuclear Force. The author tells us how hadrons can decay into other hadrons, but that the neutron is so stable that it is never seen to decay, or alone without an accompanying proton, anywhere is the observed universe. We are told that protons can decay into many other hadrons, including the pion, which has only about a sixth of the mass of a proton. Hadrons come in two basic types: mesons and baryons. Baryons are heavier than mesons, and protons and neutron are examples of baryons.
The author then launches into an explanation of Quarks and the strong nuclear force. He tells us that all hadrons are made up of quarks—that baryons contain three quarks, and mesons contain two: a quark and an anti-quark. It is the strong force that binds these particles. The strong force is uniquely different from the other forces in that it does not grow weaker with increasing distance. Electromagnetic force and gravity both decrease in strength with the square of the distance, but not the strong force.
Now the author begins to describe the various instruments and techniques used to study these very small particles. Primarily it is very large particle colliders in placed like Germany, Switzerland, Chicago and Stanford University in California, to name a few. This discussion gets a little deep, and I’ll decline to provide more detail in this review.
In earlier chapters, the author has traveled between the islands by ship and train (across bridges), and by 4-wheel drive vehicle within the islands. These modes of transportation compare, roughly, to the forces that hold the particles together. Now the author introduces the airline that connects the ports and their cities on the various islands. It is the southernmost of the islands that are connected by the airline, which is a representation of the weak nuclear force. It connects bosons, quarks, leptons and hadrons.
In Expedition VI, the author tells us about Neutrinos. Once thought to have no mass at all, neutrinos are so small that they are able to pass entirely through the Earth with striking anything. Although first postulated by the Austrian theoretical physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1930, Neutrinos remained undetected by physicists until recent experiments in South Dakota and Sudbury, Ontario, Canada in the 1960s, and at the turn of the 21st Century. It was proved that neutrinos have differing masses and mix.
In Expedition VII, the explorers delve into Bosonia. This where the author details the concepts of conservation and symmetry. Symmetry turns out to be very important to bosons, and so to the nature of the Universe as we currently understand it. Also in this section, the author describes the occurrence of the number infinity in various calculations, and how infinity invalidates many theories. He also discusses the very strange notion of “virtual” particles.
In Chapter 31, the author tells us about the hunt for the very elusive Higgs boson. After having been predicted by physicist Peter Higgs of Edinburgh, along with physicists Francois Englert and Robert Brout in Belgium during the 1960s, its existence was finally confirmed by experiments in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Switzerland in 2012.
In the last section of the book, the author details some of the speculative and theoretical physics research being conducted in the world today. He mentions the possibility of a fifth force, and additional dimensions other than those of which we are currently aware. He leaves us with an expectation, and a hope, that physicists will continue to discover the building blocks of the universe in which we live.
This is an excellent book that is well-written and relatively easy to grasp (at least on a condensed basis). The subject matter is very complex, and some readers will not find it easy to follow the author’s explanations. I, however, found it to be very informative and educational. I liked it. Read it if you have a scientific bent, or if you have any curiosity about the makeup of the physical world in which we live. I award all five of the available five stars for this book, and I recommend it for serious readers with an interest in Science.
November 21, 2020
This book combines two things I’m currently interested in, particles/quantum mechanics (QM), and learning/memory pedagogy, and it succeeds decently in leveraging techniques from the later to teach a little bit of the former (at least in concept). Specifically, this book is distinct from recent layman and quasi-layman text on QM in that it is focused on understanding the history of the field up to the development of Quantum Field Theory (QFT), in particular the field theories of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) and Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), and how the founding/discovery of these field theories informed the development of the “Standard Model”.
What makes this book unique is that instead of attempting to explain the construction and motivation of field theories in a quasi-technical manner (through conceptually understanding wave equations say), or perhaps through organized tables of the various particles and how how they do (and do not) interact with themselves and each other, “Atom Land” uses the notion of a literal map to explain where the various particles fit in relation to each other. In particular, Atoms, Leptons, Hardon, Quarks, and Bosons each get assigned their own “island” in this map, with these islands being arrayed spatial south-north via increasing “complexity” so that the island that is in the southern most point, “Bosonia” is the least complex, and the island in the northernmost tip, “Atom Land” represents, atoms, which are relatively the most complex particles.
Likewise, islands are simultaneously arrayed west to east to represent particles which contain more energy and are smaller in size (why this is critical though isn’t very well explained -from my recollection). The author also builds on this analogy by describing the ways one can travel between these islands, via “road”, “ship”, and “air”. Here when we say one can travel from atoms to some subatomic particle like the Hedron, the author means to say there is a connection via Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism, and it’s associated field theory and vectored by the electromagnetic force (?). By ship, he means Dirac’s equation and the quantum field theory arising from his identity of the Schrodinger wave equations with the relativistic mechanics, vectored by the “strong force” (?) and by air, I can’t recall which abstract mechanism was invoked, but the author associated it with the weak force.
Here one can see the potential dangers with using these kinds of analogies as a first-approach to the material, that is one gets a very fuzzy understanding exactly what is being accomplished and where/when the analogy begins/ends and the mechanism it is attempting to communicate begins/ends. For instance, although I have no formal physics background, I do have some mathematics, so the fact that the author points out that Dirac’s field equations presaged the entire “particle zoo” makes some sense to me, as the author makes some analogies to understanding why so many different particles are predicted by this equation was akin to finding multiple solutions for a quadratic equation. That is, in general, one can characterize at least 2 potential solutions (or zeros) for a quadratic, which is a consequence of the relation being an equality. Similarly, the Dirac equation being a differential equation, one can easily surmise that the goal of discovering, not zeros of a polynomial, but functions which characterize states consistent within that relation could suggest those varying states are linked to different kinds of subatomic particles, and in general, the more “complicated” the equation, the more “configurations” that could be consistent with the solution to those wave equations (this is very very broadly speaking as I’ve not worked out any of this as of yet in a formal sense).
Yet, this was something I was able to read-in from external knowledge. I don’t know if the general reader would have been able to extrapolate that notion with just general knowledge. And there are many other things about the analogy I’m unsure of, like the exact relations between “roads”, “ships” , and “planes” in the analogy, when is a bridge admissible, and why, between the various islands, why is there a path between one island’s airport to another island’s airport? It’s very possible that the author did explain these things in the book, but on the first reading, I was not able to retain it.
Still, on a very broad level, say at the definitional/elementary concept level, I think I got a good start at the notions of QFT, and so I’m satisfied with the text in this manner. Overall, you’ll get a good basic history of QM leading to QFT, Dirac and the particle zoo, an outline of the subatomic particles, the notion of parity, helicity, chirality, handedness etc., and how symmetry is critical to the whole enterprise of QFT. Though if one wants to read more on this, besides looking up the works of the great Emmy Noether, I am also reading Frank Wilczek’s “A Beautiful Question” which has a generous intersection in topics (also discusses QFT) with this book, though from the perspective of understanding how science is crafted from a discovery/theory standpoint, and he covers Noether’s work more explicitly (she is never actually mentioned at all in this text).
I don’t think a general reader will come away from this book knowing much functional knowledge on QM or QFT, so it’s hard for me to recommend it in this way. Yet, if one wants to start to crack the shell of a difficult topic gently, I can see this book being one of the first books an amateur may read to begin to get their mind processing this sort of information. The fact that it's using a memory technique related to the “memory palace” is also a plus, as it does make remembering very basic relations between the subatomic particles much easier (and you'll need them as there are a good deal of configuration-and-interactions they can take. It is a conditional recommendation.
What makes this book unique is that instead of attempting to explain the construction and motivation of field theories in a quasi-technical manner (through conceptually understanding wave equations say), or perhaps through organized tables of the various particles and how how they do (and do not) interact with themselves and each other, “Atom Land” uses the notion of a literal map to explain where the various particles fit in relation to each other. In particular, Atoms, Leptons, Hardon, Quarks, and Bosons each get assigned their own “island” in this map, with these islands being arrayed spatial south-north via increasing “complexity” so that the island that is in the southern most point, “Bosonia” is the least complex, and the island in the northernmost tip, “Atom Land” represents, atoms, which are relatively the most complex particles.
Likewise, islands are simultaneously arrayed west to east to represent particles which contain more energy and are smaller in size (why this is critical though isn’t very well explained -from my recollection). The author also builds on this analogy by describing the ways one can travel between these islands, via “road”, “ship”, and “air”. Here when we say one can travel from atoms to some subatomic particle like the Hedron, the author means to say there is a connection via Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism, and it’s associated field theory and vectored by the electromagnetic force (?). By ship, he means Dirac’s equation and the quantum field theory arising from his identity of the Schrodinger wave equations with the relativistic mechanics, vectored by the “strong force” (?) and by air, I can’t recall which abstract mechanism was invoked, but the author associated it with the weak force.
Here one can see the potential dangers with using these kinds of analogies as a first-approach to the material, that is one gets a very fuzzy understanding exactly what is being accomplished and where/when the analogy begins/ends and the mechanism it is attempting to communicate begins/ends. For instance, although I have no formal physics background, I do have some mathematics, so the fact that the author points out that Dirac’s field equations presaged the entire “particle zoo” makes some sense to me, as the author makes some analogies to understanding why so many different particles are predicted by this equation was akin to finding multiple solutions for a quadratic equation. That is, in general, one can characterize at least 2 potential solutions (or zeros) for a quadratic, which is a consequence of the relation being an equality. Similarly, the Dirac equation being a differential equation, one can easily surmise that the goal of discovering, not zeros of a polynomial, but functions which characterize states consistent within that relation could suggest those varying states are linked to different kinds of subatomic particles, and in general, the more “complicated” the equation, the more “configurations” that could be consistent with the solution to those wave equations (this is very very broadly speaking as I’ve not worked out any of this as of yet in a formal sense).
Yet, this was something I was able to read-in from external knowledge. I don’t know if the general reader would have been able to extrapolate that notion with just general knowledge. And there are many other things about the analogy I’m unsure of, like the exact relations between “roads”, “ships” , and “planes” in the analogy, when is a bridge admissible, and why, between the various islands, why is there a path between one island’s airport to another island’s airport? It’s very possible that the author did explain these things in the book, but on the first reading, I was not able to retain it.
Still, on a very broad level, say at the definitional/elementary concept level, I think I got a good start at the notions of QFT, and so I’m satisfied with the text in this manner. Overall, you’ll get a good basic history of QM leading to QFT, Dirac and the particle zoo, an outline of the subatomic particles, the notion of parity, helicity, chirality, handedness etc., and how symmetry is critical to the whole enterprise of QFT. Though if one wants to read more on this, besides looking up the works of the great Emmy Noether, I am also reading Frank Wilczek’s “A Beautiful Question” which has a generous intersection in topics (also discusses QFT) with this book, though from the perspective of understanding how science is crafted from a discovery/theory standpoint, and he covers Noether’s work more explicitly (she is never actually mentioned at all in this text).
I don’t think a general reader will come away from this book knowing much functional knowledge on QM or QFT, so it’s hard for me to recommend it in this way. Yet, if one wants to start to crack the shell of a difficult topic gently, I can see this book being one of the first books an amateur may read to begin to get their mind processing this sort of information. The fact that it's using a memory technique related to the “memory palace” is also a plus, as it does make remembering very basic relations between the subatomic particles much easier (and you'll need them as there are a good deal of configuration-and-interactions they can take. It is a conditional recommendation.
January 22, 2018
Don't Worry About the "Whimsy"; This Is Top Drawer Teaching
I was a bit leery about this title at first. I have a working knowledge of physics and a reasonably broad understanding of the fundamentals of quantum physics. But, more and deeper understanding is always better, and it's one thing to sort of understand what you're reading and quite another to truly comprehend what you just read or at least to extend your reach. So, this book looked interesting - except for the come on -- "Readers will sail the subatomic seas in search of electron ports, boson continents, and hadron islands. The sea itself is the quantum field, complete with waves." Really?
Well, guess what. Dr. Butterworth makes this work. Our ship, (the particle), sails through the ocean, (making and encountering waves), and I'll be darned if the author doesn't turn this into the clearest, crispest, and most illuminating discussion of particle/wave issues that I've ever read.
For example, Butterworth describes the behavior of waves as they pass through a channel and enter a harbor. We learn about amplitude, frequency, and wavelength by watching seagulls bob up and down. We learn about diffraction by watching the wave spread out after exiting the channel and we learn about interference by watching two sets of waves cancel each other out. We then turn to the famous double slit experiment and see every single one of these principles and observations born out by the experiment, although this time our waves are made of light. The point is stunningly and memorably clear. But then we play around with frequency and energy and thus begin to understand the particle aspects of light. From there we use the ocean as a metaphor for the "quantum field", and that becomes clear as well.
At this point, even if you don't follow another word in the book, you will have begun to understand how quantum field theory "incorporates particle-like and wave-like properties into a new kind of object". You will begin to understand Feynman's "path integral", at which point you will be so pleased with yourself that you'll have to take a break and have a cup of tea just to calm down. And really, you've just started your journey. (O.K., so maybe that travel metaphor does work.)
Everything beyond this point is bonus time if you're a casual but motivated science reader. And to be honest, at some point before the end the reader's understanding may top out. (Don't test me on supersymmetry.) But before that we will learn about electrons, neutrons and protons, about why Dirac equations are so important, about bosons and fermions, muons, leptons, matter and anti-matter, hadrons and quarks. You'll learn about quantum chromodynamics and gluons, and how does gravity fit into all of this? For these topics we don't really rely on the ocean/atomland travel metaphor anymore, except as a generally useful way to introduce and organize topics, but the whole "atom land" frame doesn't get in the way either, so if it helps the reader more power to it.
My larger point is that this is one of the most useful, accessible, engaging, non-jargony, effective and yet modest teaching books I've seen. No celebrity scientist preening and no metaphysical blarney. This is a calm, earnest, patient, and authentically good natured effort to open the reader's mind. It was a tremendous and rewarding find.
(Please note that I received a free advance will-self-destruct-in-x-days Adobe Digital copy of this book without a review requirement, or any influence regarding review content should I choose to post a review. Apart from that I have no connection at all to either the author or the publisher of this book.)
I was a bit leery about this title at first. I have a working knowledge of physics and a reasonably broad understanding of the fundamentals of quantum physics. But, more and deeper understanding is always better, and it's one thing to sort of understand what you're reading and quite another to truly comprehend what you just read or at least to extend your reach. So, this book looked interesting - except for the come on -- "Readers will sail the subatomic seas in search of electron ports, boson continents, and hadron islands. The sea itself is the quantum field, complete with waves." Really?
Well, guess what. Dr. Butterworth makes this work. Our ship, (the particle), sails through the ocean, (making and encountering waves), and I'll be darned if the author doesn't turn this into the clearest, crispest, and most illuminating discussion of particle/wave issues that I've ever read.
For example, Butterworth describes the behavior of waves as they pass through a channel and enter a harbor. We learn about amplitude, frequency, and wavelength by watching seagulls bob up and down. We learn about diffraction by watching the wave spread out after exiting the channel and we learn about interference by watching two sets of waves cancel each other out. We then turn to the famous double slit experiment and see every single one of these principles and observations born out by the experiment, although this time our waves are made of light. The point is stunningly and memorably clear. But then we play around with frequency and energy and thus begin to understand the particle aspects of light. From there we use the ocean as a metaphor for the "quantum field", and that becomes clear as well.
At this point, even if you don't follow another word in the book, you will have begun to understand how quantum field theory "incorporates particle-like and wave-like properties into a new kind of object". You will begin to understand Feynman's "path integral", at which point you will be so pleased with yourself that you'll have to take a break and have a cup of tea just to calm down. And really, you've just started your journey. (O.K., so maybe that travel metaphor does work.)
Everything beyond this point is bonus time if you're a casual but motivated science reader. And to be honest, at some point before the end the reader's understanding may top out. (Don't test me on supersymmetry.) But before that we will learn about electrons, neutrons and protons, about why Dirac equations are so important, about bosons and fermions, muons, leptons, matter and anti-matter, hadrons and quarks. You'll learn about quantum chromodynamics and gluons, and how does gravity fit into all of this? For these topics we don't really rely on the ocean/atomland travel metaphor anymore, except as a generally useful way to introduce and organize topics, but the whole "atom land" frame doesn't get in the way either, so if it helps the reader more power to it.
My larger point is that this is one of the most useful, accessible, engaging, non-jargony, effective and yet modest teaching books I've seen. No celebrity scientist preening and no metaphysical blarney. This is a calm, earnest, patient, and authentically good natured effort to open the reader's mind. It was a tremendous and rewarding find.
(Please note that I received a free advance will-self-destruct-in-x-days Adobe Digital copy of this book without a review requirement, or any influence regarding review content should I choose to post a review. Apart from that I have no connection at all to either the author or the publisher of this book.)
October 8, 2020
Atom Land: A Guided Tour Through the Strange (and Impossibly Small) World of Particle Physics by Jon Butterworth. Butterworth is a lecture in particle physics at a layman's level. Butterworth is a physics professor at University College London and a member of the Atlas experiment at Cern's Large Hadron Collider. He studied Physics at the University of Oxford, gaining a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1989 followed by a Doctor of Philosophy in particle physics in 1992. His Ph.D. research used the ZEUS particle detector to investigate R-parity violating supersymmetry at the Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator (HERA) at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg.
Quantum physics, particle physics, and hard science for laymen have been around for some time. In the early 1980s, I read Taking the Quantum Leap by Fred Allan Wolf. I also read Feynman's autobiographical works on his career and work. Today the there are hundreds of documentaries and books on the subject from basic physics to the so-called Holographic Principle. These are written either at a level that a high school graduate or liberal arts major can easily understand with a bit of faith in the mathematics around the theory that is not included. The math is impossibly complex for someone outside the field. Back in the 1980s, I ordered a two-book set on String theory through a catalog. I received two books of nothing but mathematical formulas and proofs far beyond my calculus lessons. There is a great effort involved in translating mathematical proofs into something that is understandable to an educated general public.
Atom Land works on three themes. First, it is about particle physics from the basics to the exotic. All the various points are made from the two-slit experiment to what makes up protons and neutrons and the forces that allow them to exist. Some time is given to explain the neutrino detectors. There is all the fascinating science that is included in other works. Great minds are also included like Dirac and Maxwell.
Second, Butterworth's title invokes the classic novella Flatland originally written as a satire of Victorian England but remembered more so for its explanation of dimensions as a three-dimensional sphere describes a two-dimensional society. Third, Butterworth creates a map of the particle physics. There is the Isle of Leptons, Atom Land, Hadron Island, Isle of Quarks, Bosonia, and like all good old maps, there is a "Here be Dragons" section reserved for anti-matter and other dimensions. The lands all have cities that are (Isle of Lepton -- Strange, Charm, Top, Bottom...) which are connected by roads and related forces and particles connected by air routes. The map is very well done and well thought out and could be a great teaching aid. I was most impressed with the map.
Atom Land for the good and potential it has seems to be geared to a high school or liberal arts level. I do have a liberal arts degree but still felt a bit patronized by the level of discussion. I have read and reviewed quite a bit in this area and even in my liberal arts degree, my electives were eaten up by science classes. This would be a great book for someone without much experience or reading on the subject or as a teaching aid/support material. There is a great deal of information presented and presented in an easily understandable format.
February 9, 2018
Atom Land was a joy to read.
I’m not a scientist, astronomer, physicist, etal. Just have a curious mind. Atom Land does a good job of helping those who are afraid of the Math in Physics. Being able to explain complex issues with simple illustrations is a gift. Jon Butterworth’s sailing voyage hit the mark for me. We come from the west, the land of what we consider normal. Planets, moons, suns, galaxies. This is what we see and interact with. Mr Butterworth then brings us to our starting point, Port Electron. Starting at Port Electron to give us a basic explanation of Waves and Particles to Atom Land, Isle of Lepton, Isle of Quarks, Hadron Island, Bosonia finally going to Far East. This is where Dark Matter and Dark Energy lives, extra dimensions, and things that are little more than guesses. But guesses lead to questions, questions to ideas of how to find out, then verification or failure. Then the process rolls on. How everything is connected and the journey we need to take back and forth to these differing regions may seem daunting but is well worth the investment in a cabin with a window.
There is very minimal amounts of Math. E=mc2 is an equation that many have heard, the ultimate consequences of that simple statement is still being explored. So we shouldn’t expect to walk away with profound insights but if you are interested you can use Atom Land as a jumping off point to take a more meaningful voyage into the creation of things.
Mr Butterworth is a teacher as well as a storyteller. I wholeheartedly recommend Atom Land
I wish to thank the Experiment Publisher, Jon Butterworth, and NetGalley for my ARC in exchange for my honest opinion and review.
I’m not a scientist, astronomer, physicist, etal. Just have a curious mind. Atom Land does a good job of helping those who are afraid of the Math in Physics. Being able to explain complex issues with simple illustrations is a gift. Jon Butterworth’s sailing voyage hit the mark for me. We come from the west, the land of what we consider normal. Planets, moons, suns, galaxies. This is what we see and interact with. Mr Butterworth then brings us to our starting point, Port Electron. Starting at Port Electron to give us a basic explanation of Waves and Particles to Atom Land, Isle of Lepton, Isle of Quarks, Hadron Island, Bosonia finally going to Far East. This is where Dark Matter and Dark Energy lives, extra dimensions, and things that are little more than guesses. But guesses lead to questions, questions to ideas of how to find out, then verification or failure. Then the process rolls on. How everything is connected and the journey we need to take back and forth to these differing regions may seem daunting but is well worth the investment in a cabin with a window.
There is very minimal amounts of Math. E=mc2 is an equation that many have heard, the ultimate consequences of that simple statement is still being explored. So we shouldn’t expect to walk away with profound insights but if you are interested you can use Atom Land as a jumping off point to take a more meaningful voyage into the creation of things.
Mr Butterworth is a teacher as well as a storyteller. I wholeheartedly recommend Atom Land
I wish to thank the Experiment Publisher, Jon Butterworth, and NetGalley for my ARC in exchange for my honest opinion and review.
May 2, 2018
For the past several years I've attended periodic public physics lectures at my alma mater. It's been over twenty years since I studied the subject and I never progressed past a general introduction. This book helps to refresh my memory and to reinforce the new-to-me material I've been learning about.
Atom Land provides an approachable overview to particle physics. The travel guide format makes the topic approachable; it allows the reader to digest the material in small chunks without being overwhelmed. I agree with other reviewers that while the no equations mantra is one intended to comfort the maths phobic, if they're written out in words you have the substance, please take the next step and write the style--the formula!
At the start of each section general maps are included to help orientate the reader and reinforce the travel guide theme. At times I found the travel metaphor forced but appreciate an attempt at a unique approach to a topic that has gained significant shelf space in the popular press. I think this is a useful book for those interested in particle physics. It is the sort of title I wish existed when I was a student and I'm appreciative of it now to help me understand current scientific discoveries.
I received an eARC of this title from NetGalley in exchange for a review. The FTC wants you to know.
Atom Land provides an approachable overview to particle physics. The travel guide format makes the topic approachable; it allows the reader to digest the material in small chunks without being overwhelmed. I agree with other reviewers that while the no equations mantra is one intended to comfort the maths phobic, if they're written out in words you have the substance, please take the next step and write the style--the formula!
At the start of each section general maps are included to help orientate the reader and reinforce the travel guide theme. At times I found the travel metaphor forced but appreciate an attempt at a unique approach to a topic that has gained significant shelf space in the popular press. I think this is a useful book for those interested in particle physics. It is the sort of title I wish existed when I was a student and I'm appreciative of it now to help me understand current scientific discoveries.
I received an eARC of this title from NetGalley in exchange for a review. The FTC wants you to know.
March 28, 2021
#Research and career
As of 2017 Butterworth works on particle physics, particularly the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. His research investigates what nature is like at the smallest distances and the highest energies - the fundamental physical laws. This tells us about the physics which was most important in the first few moments after the Big Bang. His research collaborators include Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw and he has supervised or co-supervised several successful PhD students to completion on the ATLAS experiment, ZEUS and HERA.
Butterworth frequently discusses physics in public, including talks at the Royal Institution and the Wellcome Trust and appearances on Newsnight, Horizon, Channel 4 News, Al Jazeera, and BBC Radio 4's Today Programme and The Infinite Monkey Cage. He appeared with Gavin Salam in the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) documentary Colliding Particles - Hunting the Higgs, which follows a team of physicists trying to find the Higgs Boson.
His research has been funded by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) and the Royal Society.
As of 2017 Butterworth works on particle physics, particularly the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. His research investigates what nature is like at the smallest distances and the highest energies - the fundamental physical laws. This tells us about the physics which was most important in the first few moments after the Big Bang. His research collaborators include Brian Cox and Jeff Forshaw and he has supervised or co-supervised several successful PhD students to completion on the ATLAS experiment, ZEUS and HERA.
Butterworth frequently discusses physics in public, including talks at the Royal Institution and the Wellcome Trust and appearances on Newsnight, Horizon, Channel 4 News, Al Jazeera, and BBC Radio 4's Today Programme and The Infinite Monkey Cage. He appeared with Gavin Salam in the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) documentary Colliding Particles - Hunting the Higgs, which follows a team of physicists trying to find the Higgs Boson.
His research has been funded by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) and the Royal Society.
October 20, 2017
This book by Jon Butterworth is a real treasure for those who like their intellectual feasts with the wine of humor. Butterworth uses the metaphor of a map to describe the world of experimental physics. He not only explains what we know but also and more importantly what we don't know.
I think an alternate title should be "Here be dragons". Like the early map makers who drew dragons where they had no information here Butterworth goes one better, he envisions what it is like to be a scientist journeying into those outer reaches where what we know is often speculative.
The book acts as a synopsis of the current state of research. Now that we have identified the Higgs-Boson we are really no further to answering some of the other questions that physics beset with. Instead there are ideas about alternate dimensions, unknown particles and ideas that are so wild its hard to conceptualize. Hard but not impossible as Butterworth proves in this book. Highly recommended for anyone with even a passing interest in the subject.
I think an alternate title should be "Here be dragons". Like the early map makers who drew dragons where they had no information here Butterworth goes one better, he envisions what it is like to be a scientist journeying into those outer reaches where what we know is often speculative.
The book acts as a synopsis of the current state of research. Now that we have identified the Higgs-Boson we are really no further to answering some of the other questions that physics beset with. Instead there are ideas about alternate dimensions, unknown particles and ideas that are so wild its hard to conceptualize. Hard but not impossible as Butterworth proves in this book. Highly recommended for anyone with even a passing interest in the subject.
June 21, 2020
Ce livre a une super idée de base : expliquer la physique des particules comme à travers un voyage autour du monde. Utilisant une sorte de carte du monde des particules, avec force métaphores, l’auteur parvient très bien, à mon sens, à rendre ce sujet, pour sur très complexe, des plus intéressants et grand public.
Le postulat de base, de créer une sorte de voyage à travers la physique, est très osé, et permet vraiment de s’immiscer bien plus dans le sujet, sans pour autant le rendre enfantin ou simpliste. En moins de 300 pages, Jon Butterworth fait un joli tour d’horizon de notre savoir actuel à ce propos, et donne vraiment l’envie d’en savoir plus.
This book has a great idea: explaining particle physics as a trip around the world. Using a sort of map of the world of particles, with plenty of metaphors, the author really succeeds, in my opinion, to make the subject, for sure very complex, much interesting for the public. The premise, to create a journey through physics, is audacious, and really allows to enter into this subject, without making it childish or simplistic. In less than 300 pages, Jon Butterworth makes a nice overview of our current knowledge on the matter, and really gives the desire to know more about it.
This book has a great idea: explaining particle physics as a trip around the world. Using a sort of map of the world of particles, with plenty of metaphors, the author really succeeds, in my opinion, to make the subject, for sure very complex, much interesting for the public. The premise, to create a journey through physics, is audacious, and really allows to enter into this subject, without making it childish or simplistic. In less than 300 pages, Jon Butterworth makes a nice overview of our current knowledge on the matter, and really gives the desire to know more about it.
March 18, 2023
While the analogy to the map, roads, rails, airplanes, etc. is not perfect (just like the Standard Model), it does an outstanding job of clearly explaining difficult to comprehend theories to someone with a basic scientific background. No math needed which was tremendous and made the book easy to read.
There were some areas where the analogy fell short and the explanation offered by the author was lacking and or too short to develop a sufficient understanding of the concept. This didn't detract from my understanding of the flow of the story and how the concepts piece together to form the Standard Model.
I would recommend this book to anyone with a basic understanding of atomic level physics and chemistry who is looking for an easy to follow beginner's journey into particle physics and quantum theory.
I stumbled across this book for $8 in the back corner of a bookstore near MIT. It has renewed my interest in physics and has been a refreshing change of pace from the everyday life of an engineer.
There were some areas where the analogy fell short and the explanation offered by the author was lacking and or too short to develop a sufficient understanding of the concept. This didn't detract from my understanding of the flow of the story and how the concepts piece together to form the Standard Model.
I would recommend this book to anyone with a basic understanding of atomic level physics and chemistry who is looking for an easy to follow beginner's journey into particle physics and quantum theory.
I stumbled across this book for $8 in the back corner of a bookstore near MIT. It has renewed my interest in physics and has been a refreshing change of pace from the everyday life of an engineer.
May 30, 2018
A Map Of The Invisible is a great book for anyone who wants a guide to particle physics. Written to be easily understood, A Map Of The Invisible is a unique and interesting read for anyone with a growing passion for science.
The first thing that really pulls you in is the writing. Lyrical in moments, Butterworth has a great way of explaining this theory through this book in the form of a journey and how he describes makes this book such a thoughtful read, it can be captivating and it is a great way to explain the theory in this book - the introduction gets you.
The theory in this book is laid out so well. Through the use of a metaphor, Butterworth explains big subject matters incredibly well and combined with the illustrations in this book, the ideas are brought to life. A book I would highly recommend to someone just starting out in science, A Map Of The Invisible is a brilliant read.
(I received an ARC from Netgalley for a honest review).
The first thing that really pulls you in is the writing. Lyrical in moments, Butterworth has a great way of explaining this theory through this book in the form of a journey and how he describes makes this book such a thoughtful read, it can be captivating and it is a great way to explain the theory in this book - the introduction gets you.
The theory in this book is laid out so well. Through the use of a metaphor, Butterworth explains big subject matters incredibly well and combined with the illustrations in this book, the ideas are brought to life. A book I would highly recommend to someone just starting out in science, A Map Of The Invisible is a brilliant read.
(I received an ARC from Netgalley for a honest review).
January 24, 2020
Easy read compared to similar types of non-fiction. There is a wide breadth of information to be gained from this book. If you want to know more about whats going on in this world on the smallest scale, you will be interested here. Butterworth starts by describing quantum mechanics and moves on to the different classifications of subatomic particles, getting smaller and smaller along the way.
As we move smaller and smaller, towards higher energy particles, we move farther along the map of Atom World. This map is the basis for many analogies used to simplify explanations in the text. The analogies themselves were entertaining but not very helpful in understanding the material. However, it is useful in organizing the information as you move forward.
At first, the map of Atom World is mysterious and confusing. Once you reach the end, you will find that you understand the entire map, and with it, the basics of particle physics.
As we move smaller and smaller, towards higher energy particles, we move farther along the map of Atom World. This map is the basis for many analogies used to simplify explanations in the text. The analogies themselves were entertaining but not very helpful in understanding the material. However, it is useful in organizing the information as you move forward.
At first, the map of Atom World is mysterious and confusing. Once you reach the end, you will find that you understand the entire map, and with it, the basics of particle physics.
May 17, 2018
Opus kertoo viihdyttävällä tavalla leptoneista, hadroneista, bosoneista ja kvarkeista - alkeishiukkasista.
Tavoitteeni oli yrittää saada kiinni kvarkeista ja bosoneista. Näitä en ole oikein aikaisemmin ymmärtänyt. No, en ymmärrä vieläkään. Liekö niin hankalaa kamaa, että on vaikea ihan perussivistyksellä ymmärtää. Voihan sitä toki miehen ymmärryksessäkin olla toki vikaa...
Tarina sujuu kyllä tyylikkäästi käyttäen analogiana kartan piirtämistä, ikään kuin tutkimusmatkan tekemistä. Eri tyyppiset alkeishiukkaset majaileva eri saarilla, ja näiden välillä kuljetaan eri vuorovaikutustapojen avulla - joita markkeeraavat eri kulkuvälineet. Kartoittaminen etenee pikku hiljaa, ja välillä palataan takaisin aikaisemmille saarille.
Seuraavaksi voisin yrittää keksiä mitä se mystinen 80 prosenttia maailmankaikkeuden massasta on, tämä pimeä aine. Tai sitten siirtyä Taavi Soininvaaran pariin.
Tavoitteeni oli yrittää saada kiinni kvarkeista ja bosoneista. Näitä en ole oikein aikaisemmin ymmärtänyt. No, en ymmärrä vieläkään. Liekö niin hankalaa kamaa, että on vaikea ihan perussivistyksellä ymmärtää. Voihan sitä toki miehen ymmärryksessäkin olla toki vikaa...
Tarina sujuu kyllä tyylikkäästi käyttäen analogiana kartan piirtämistä, ikään kuin tutkimusmatkan tekemistä. Eri tyyppiset alkeishiukkaset majaileva eri saarilla, ja näiden välillä kuljetaan eri vuorovaikutustapojen avulla - joita markkeeraavat eri kulkuvälineet. Kartoittaminen etenee pikku hiljaa, ja välillä palataan takaisin aikaisemmille saarille.
Seuraavaksi voisin yrittää keksiä mitä se mystinen 80 prosenttia maailmankaikkeuden massasta on, tämä pimeä aine. Tai sitten siirtyä Taavi Soininvaaran pariin.
August 20, 2018
I first have to suggest that you should make time for sustained reading sessions. I broke up my own reading with other books and found I was lost upon picking this one back up. Having said that, though, I loved the metaphor. I could easily imagine teaching a survey course with the map metaphor as the frame on which to hang the semester. The drawings are not only lovely but also helped orient me while reading. My only quibble is that the focus on the metaphor sometimes hid what was being talked about. For example, his "discussion" of branes was so breezy that the reader, unless they are already familiar with that theory, wouldn't really understand that a theory had been discussed. There is a suggestions for further reading that I think would be better to read prior to this book, mainly because Atom Land does a better job at putting all of those different discussions into a larger whole.
July 31, 2021
I really enjoyed this read. As a beginning theoretical chemist who now has to think about quantum mechanics and more generally the physics of atoms and electrons more frequently than I might like, I thought that the beginning of the book explained atoms and the particle-wave nature of electrons in a way that anyone could understand, but also in a way that remained interesting for me despite my prior knowledge. I did begin to get somewhat lost in my understanding somewhere around quarks and neutrinos, but the way the book was written as a story of exploration kept me engaged despite my confusion. I especially enjoyed the last section dedicated to ideas beyond the Standard Model. I would definitely recommend this book to anyone wanting to know more about the basics of particle physics, as I think that most of its explanations can be understood without a strong scientific background.
March 15, 2023
This book is written for the non-physicist type of scientist/ lay person with an interest. You take an adventurous journey into the invisible world of subatomic particles where mass is generally described in electron volts. The standard model theory is represented as isles that are being explored. You begin with the Port of electrons and make your way east to the Higgs discovered in 2012.
Many concepts beyond the atom is discussed including forces, energy, conservation of momentum, symmetry, mathematical approaches in order to get close to finding the particles and a brief idea of how these interrelate. The more you know, the easier it will be to read. The less you know, the more you will realize you do not know yet. Learning is a journey. This book is for the science scholars in the world. Hope you enjoy it.
Many concepts beyond the atom is discussed including forces, energy, conservation of momentum, symmetry, mathematical approaches in order to get close to finding the particles and a brief idea of how these interrelate. The more you know, the easier it will be to read. The less you know, the more you will realize you do not know yet. Learning is a journey. This book is for the science scholars in the world. Hope you enjoy it.
November 13, 2017
Note: I received this book as an ARC from NetGalley.
I really enjoyed reading this book. As a student studying physics and mathematics, I approach popular science books with trepidation, since they can either gloss over too many details or overly romanticize the job of scientists. With that being said, I found this book to not suffer from these issues. Instead, the imagery was great and the book had a very nice flow to it. The chapters weren't too long, and they brushed on just enough detail to make me curious to see more.
I know that it helped that I already had an idea of all these concepts before going in, but I still think it would be a good read for someone who is curious about what particle physics is and the journey to our modern understanding. Overall, a great book.
I really enjoyed reading this book. As a student studying physics and mathematics, I approach popular science books with trepidation, since they can either gloss over too many details or overly romanticize the job of scientists. With that being said, I found this book to not suffer from these issues. Instead, the imagery was great and the book had a very nice flow to it. The chapters weren't too long, and they brushed on just enough detail to make me curious to see more.
I know that it helped that I already had an idea of all these concepts before going in, but I still think it would be a good read for someone who is curious about what particle physics is and the journey to our modern understanding. Overall, a great book.
May 24, 2018
Though I have taken several courses in Astrophysics and Cosmology this book reminds me of what I do not know. Without the impact of mathematics this book will take you on a unique voyage into the world of particle physics. I say impact of mathematics - as a true understanding at that level leads one to a grasp that smacks of the ahh-ha - I plead ignorance at that level, and just feel the smacking pain of a headache brought on by my having to accept what is written, hoping that the people at CERN do know what they know with a widening of our universe. Put into a visual world of islands of knowledge, this book will tempt you to hop from one to another. Know though, that you better have some idea how to swim.
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