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    McGraw Hill Math Grade 8, Third Edition
    McGraw Hill Math Grade 8, Third Edition
    McGraw Hill Math Grade 8, Third Edition
    Ebook541 pages3 hours

    McGraw Hill Math Grade 8, Third Edition

    By McGraw Hill

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    About this ebook

    An engaging math workbook to help your 8th grade student master the skills necessary to perform better in class and on standardized tests

    Colorful, dynamic, and filled with engaging activities, McGraw Hill Math Grade 8, Third Edition provides maximum educational value, giving your 8th grader a student-friendly learning experience to learn and practice the skills they need to do well in school and on standardized tests.

    Based on the curriculum standards followed by states across the U.S., McGraw Hill Math Grade 8 covers key topics with easy-to-follow instructions, helpful examples, and more than 1,000 practice problems with answers. End-of-chapter tests allow your child to see where mastery has been gained and what they need to focus on. As they master each concept, you child will sharpen their problem-solving skills and build the confidence they need to succeed in eighth grade math.

    Features include:

    • NEW Addition of “real-world” questions and multi-step problems
    • A state-by-state guide shows you how to focus your child’s lessons
    • The guide shows which states have adopted Common Core State Standards, how each state has implemented the standards for math, and outlines the standards for non-Common Core states
    • 1,000+ math problems with explanations for answers
    • A 10-Week Summer Study Plan shows you how to create the best study schedule for your child
    • A pretest helps your child determine which skills require more attention
    • End-of-chapter tests helps your child assess if they’ve mastered the chapter’s concepts
    • Posttest at the end of the book shows your child how well they understand key concepts
    • A glossary explains key terms that students will encounter in the book
    Topics covered:
    • Solving problems with rational numbers
    • Approximating irrational numbers
    • Ratios, proportions, and percents
    • Roots and exponents
    • Performing operations with scientific notation
    • Analyzing and solving linear equations and pairs of linear equations
    • Graphing proportional relationships and functions
    • Customary and metric units of measure, including conversions
    • Geometric transformations
    • Using the Pythagorean Theorem
    • Solving problems involving volume of cones and spheres
    • Analyzing patterns in bivariate data, including probability
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherMcGraw-Hill Education
    Release dateAug 11, 2022
    ISBN9781264285723
    McGraw Hill Math Grade 8, Third Edition

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      McGraw Hill Math Grade 8, Third Edition - McGraw Hill

      Copyright © 2022, 2018, 2011 by McGraw Hill. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

      ISBN: 978-1-26-428572-3

      MHID:       1-26-428572-8

      The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-1-26-428571-6, MHID: 1-26-428571-X.

      eBook conversion by codeMantra

      Version 1.0

      All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.

      McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative, please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com.

      TERMS OF USE

      This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.

      THE WORK IS PROVIDED AS IS. McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.

      Table of Contents

      Letter to Parents and Students

      Eighth Grade National and State Math Standards

      Pretest

      Answers and Explanations for Pretest

      Unit 1: Operations with Rational Numbers

      Chapter 1: Fundamentals

      Lesson 1.1     Order of Operations

      Lesson 1.2     Properties

      Chapter 2: Negative Numbers

      Lesson 2.1     Negative Numbers

      Lesson 2.2     Adding and Subtracting Negative Numbers

      Lesson 2.3     Multiplying and Dividing Negative Numbers

      Chapter 3: Fractions and Mixed Numbers

      Lesson 3.1     Changing Improper Fractions to Mixed Numbers

      Lesson 3.2     Changing Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions

      Lesson 3.3     Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Like Denominators

      Lesson 3.4     Adding or Subtracting Fractions with Unlike Denominators

      Lesson 3.5     Adding or Subtracting Mixed Numbers with Unlike Denominators

      Lesson 3.6     Reducing Fractions

      Chapter 4: Multiplying Fractions

      Lesson 4.1     Multiplying Fractions and Whole Numbers

      Lesson 4.2     Multiplying Two Fractions; Reciprocals

      Lesson 4.3     Multiplying Fractions and Mixed Numbers

      Lesson 4.4     Multiplying Mixed Numbers

      Chapter 5: Dividing Fractions

      Lesson 5.1     Dividing Fractions by Whole Numbers

      Lesson 5.2     Dividing Whole Numbers by Fractions

      Lesson 5.3     Dividing Fractions by Fractions

      Lesson 5.4     Dividing Mixed Numbers

      Chapter 6: Understanding Decimals

      Lesson 6.1     Place Value and Rounding

      Lesson 6.2     Changing Fractions to Decimals

      Lesson 6.3     Changing Decimals to Fractions

      Lesson 6.4     Comparing and Ordering Decimals

      Chapter 7: Adding and Subtracting Decimals

      Lesson 7.1     Adding Decimals

      Lesson 7.2     Subtracting Decimals

      Chapter 8: Multiplying and Dividing Decimals

      Lesson 8.1     Multiplying with Decimals

      Lesson 8.2     Dividing with Decimals

      Review     Rational Numbers

      Unit 1 Test

      Unit 2: Ratios, Proportions, and Percents

      Chapter 9: Ratios & Proportions

      Lesson 9.1     Ratios

      Lesson 9.2     Proportions and Cross-Multiplying

      Lesson 9.3     Rates

      Chapter 10: Percents

      Lesson 10.1   Proportions and Percent

      Lesson 10.2   Percent Change, Mark-up, and Discount

      Lesson 10.3   Percents and Fractions

      Lesson 10.4   Multiplying Percents and Fractions

      Lesson 10.5   Percents and Decimals

      Lesson 10.6   Simple and Compound Interest

      Unit 2 Test

      Unit 3: Exponents & Roots

      Chapter 11: Exponents

      Lesson 11.1   Multiplying and Dividing Exponents

      Lesson 11.2   Powers

      Lesson 11.3   More about Exponents

      Chapter 12: Roots

      Lesson 12.1   Squares and Square Roots

      Lesson 12.2   Irrational Numbers

      Chapter 13: Scientific Notation

      Lesson 13.1   Understanding Scientific Notation

      Lesson 13.2   Estimation and Comparison

      Unit 3 Test

      Unit 4: Equations & Inequalities

      Chapter 14: Variable Expressions

      Lesson 14.1   Understanding Variable Expressions

      Lesson 14.2   Solving Equations with Addition and Subtraction

      Lesson 14.3   Solving Equations with Multiplication and Division

      Lesson 14.4   Solving 2-Step Equations

      Lesson 14.5   Equations with Infinite or No Solutions

      Chapter 15: Inequalities

      Lesson 15.1   Understanding Inequalities

      Lesson 15.2   Solving Inequalities by Addition and Subtraction

      Lesson 15.3   Solving Inequalities by Multiplication and Division

      Unit 4 Test

      Unit 5: The Coordinate Plane

      Chapter 16: Functions

      Lesson 16.1   Plotting Ordered Pairs

      Lesson 16.2   Function Tables

      Chapter 17: Graphing Lines and Relationships

      Lesson 17.1   Solve Equations by Graphing

      Lesson 17.2   Slope

      Lesson 17.3   Graphing Relationships

      Unit 5 Test

      Unit 6: Measurement

      Chapter 18: Customary Units of Measure

      Lesson 18.1   Customary Units of Length

      Lesson 18.2   Customary Units of Liquid Volume

      Lesson 18.3   Customary Units of Weight

      Lesson 18.4   Perimeter with Customary Units

      Lesson 18.5   Area with Customary Units

      Chapter 19: Metric Units of Measure

      Lesson 19.1   Metric Units of Length

      Lesson 19.2   Metric Units of Liquid Volume

      Lesson 19.3   Metric Units of Mass

      Lesson 19.4   Calculating Perimeter and Area with Metric Units

      Chapter 20: Equivalent Measures

      Lesson 20.1   Changing from Customary Units to Metric Units

      Lesson 20.2   Changing from Metric Units to Customary Units

      Lesson 20.3   Customary and Metric Units of Temperature

      Unit 6 Test

      Unit 7: Geometry

      Chapter 21: Basic Concepts of Geometry

      Lesson 21.1   Points and Lines

      Lesson 21.2   Line Segments and Rays

      Lesson 21.3   Measuring and Naming Angles

      Lesson 21.4   Types of Angles

      Lesson 21.5   Finding Missing Angle Measurements

      Chapter 22: Triangles

      Lesson 22.1   Types of Triangles

      Lesson 22.2   Congruent and Similar Triangles

      Lesson 22.3   Right Triangles and Pythagorean Theorem

      Chapter 23: Geometric Figures

      Lesson 23.1   Quadrilaterals

      Lesson 23.2   Polygons

      Lesson 23.3   Circles

      Lesson 23.4   Symmetry and Transformations

      Chapter 24: Solid Figures

      Lesson 24.1   Surface Area of Solid Figures

      Lesson 24.2   Volume of Solid Figures

      Unit 7 Test

      Unit 8: Data & Statistics

      Chapter 25: Data Presentation

      Lesson 25.1   Bar Graphs

      Lesson 25.2   Line Graphs

      Lesson 25.3   Double-Line Graphs

      Lesson 25.4   Circle Graphs

      Chapter 26: Visualizing Statistics and Probabilities

      Lesson 26.1   Measures of Central Tendency

      Lesson 26.2   Stem-and-Leaf Plots

      Lesson 26.3   Box-and-Whisker Plots

      Lesson 26.4   Tree Diagrams

      Lesson 26.5   Venn Diagrams

      Lesson 26.6   Calculating Probabilities

      Unit 8 Test

      Posttest

      Answers and Explanations for Posttest

      Glossary

      Answers and Explanations

      Letter to Parents and Students

      Welcome to McGraw Hill’s Math!

      Parents, this book will help your child succeed in eighth grade mathematics. It will give your eighth grader:

      •   A head start in the summer before eighth grade

      •   Extra practice during the school year

      •   Helpful preparation for standardized mathematics exams

      The book is aligned to National and State Standards. A chart beginning on the next page summarizes those standards and shows how each state that does not follow the national standards differs from those standards. The chart also includes comparisons to Canadian standards.

      If you live in a state that has adopted the national Common Core standards, you won’t need the information in this table, although you may find its summary of Common Core standards helpful. Parents who live in Canada or states that have not adopted Common Core standards will find the table a useful tool and can be reassured that most of these regions have standards that are very similar to the national standards. This book contains ample instruction and practice for students in any state or in Canada.

      Students, this book will help you do well in mathematics. Its lessons explain math concepts and provide lots of interesting practice activities.

      Open your book and look at the Table of Contents. It tells what topics are covered in each lesson. Work through the book at your own pace.

      Begin with the Pretest, which will help you discover the math skills you need to work on.

      Each group of lessons ends with a Unit Test. The results will show you what skills you have learned and what skills you may need to practice more. A Posttest completes your work in this book and will show how you have done overall.

      Take time to practice your math. Practicing will help you use and improve your math skills.

      Good luck!

      Eighth Grade National and State Math Standards

      Pretest

      Complete the following test items.

      Kathy runs 16 miles a week. If she continues to run at this rate, how many miles will she run in a year?

      _________________________

      The women’s clothing department at Ms. Smith’s store had a sale on jeans. There were 945 jeans in stock at the beginning of the sale and another 254 jeans were ordered. At the end of the sale the store still had 245 jeans in stock. How many jeans were sold during the sale?

      _________________________

      Jack has 16 lengths of rope. Each is meters long. How much rope does Jack have to divide among 20 people?

      _________________________

      How much rope will each person receive?

      _________________________

      David has 176 ounces of hot sauce to divide among the 32 contestants in a chicken-wing eating contest. How many cups is that per contestant?

      _________________________

      _________________________

      _________________________

      Solve for x: x − 7 = 14

      _________________________

      Solve for x: 2x + 6 = 18

      _________________________

      Solve: 10 + (8 − 6)² − (12 ÷ 4) + 5(6 × 2) + 3(7 − 4) =

      Restate in exponent form, then solve: 5 × 5 + 2 × 2 × 2 + 3 × 3 =

      __________________________________________________

      3.55 meters = _______ inches (Use 2.54 cm = 1 inch)

      10 yards = _______ centimeters

      What is the area of the rectangle? ________

      What is the perimeter?

      _________________________

      What is the perimeter, in inches, using the conversion factor of 2.54 cm to the inch?

      _________________________

      What is the area of the circle? _______ (Use 3.14 for π.)

      What is the circumference of the circle?

      _________________________

      Identify each angle as obtuse, acute, or right.

      Identify each triangle as scalene, isosceles, or equilateral.

      Calculate and reduce the fractions.

      Give the coordinates for points on the grid.

      What is the slope of a line drawn between points A and B?

      _________________________

      What is the measure of angle DBC?

      _________________________

      What is 40% of 0.775? ____________

      What is of 72%? ____________

      Restate 4.25 as an improper fraction and a mixed number.

      Improper Fraction _______________ Mixed Number _______________

      Put the following numbers in order from least to greatest. 1.162, 1.161, 2.16302, 2.163, 2.8022, 1.90688, 1.9122, 1.099

      __________________________________________________

      Solve for x. _______________

      Restate as a decimal. _______________

      Sarah manufactured surfboards at a cost of $45.00 each. She wants to sell the surfboards at a 50% markup. What will be the selling price for each?

      _________________________

      Dexter deposits $200 in a bank account that earns 3% simple interest. How much money

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