An Abridged History Africa and Her People

Contents

Prelude

Preface

Chapter 1: What is History

Chapter 2: What is Man

Chapter 3: The Cradle of Civilization

Chapter 4: Africa and Human

Chapter 5: Modern Human

Chapter 6: Physical and Human Geography

Chapter 7: Before the Flood

Chapter 8: After the Flood

Chapter 9: The People

Chapter 10: Golden Age in Africa

Chapter 11: Roman Conquest

Chapter 12: Slave Trade

Chapter 13: The Arrival

Chapter 14: Battle of the Slaves

Chapter 15: Culture in the Slave Quarters

Chapter 16: One People, Many Names

Appendix

PRELUDE

It is necessary for the reader to understand that this book had its beginning in the early nineteen nineties.

This project began as a dissertation for a Doctorate Degree but as the work progressed it was presented to the California State Department of Education to be examined as a text in the Middle schools system.

After the third meeting of the Board the votes were against the book due to the reference of the Bible. The work, as I quote There are too many religious quotes, remarks, and or reference. With that in mind the project was placed in storage until a publisher could be obtained. The work was accepted as fulfillment of studies required for the writer’s Doctorate Degree.

At last looking forward to publishing of this work, the reader might consider the advance steps this nation as a people have made. Segregation and integration though not nearly completed is far from where it was. In nineteen ninety there still remained underlying prejudice. We see less and less of the racial issues today in twenty eleven but the lingering shadows still remain.

There are sections in this book where after looking back the writer called The Day before Yesterday and there was Just Yesterday, there is Today a look at Tomorrow and the ‘Day After Tomorrow.

This Document is useful in encouraging by the fact of overcoming, useful in building faith by seeing how far we have come from where we came from. Useful in showing ALL young people there is Hope, though it stager it is still Hope. Without Hope we are men most miserable.(Bible) Useful in telling the student don’t give up, and showing them the rewards of determination, the rewards of struggles and striving. This Document will encourage the student of any back ground to set goals to exert both effort and energy to achieve the quest of success.

For every young mind create a vision of success don’t look back the goal is in front let the vision determine how far you can go. Reach for the stars.

PREFACE

It is not a hard matter, when carefully considered, to understand why a great number of questions are asked and myriad more discussions are held apropos of Africa and her People.

Where are the answers to the questions? How can we find them? Questions create problems. Problems must be solved. How are we going to solve them? Finding solutions call for discussions so group gathering are formed. After many group meetings, after many discussions, and much documentation we still hang on the edge of a loom of unclear answers. There are many inquiring minds of both young and old people seeking real answer, true answers and real workable solutions to the problems.

Concerning the History of Africa few answers are available, due to the scarcity of accurate documentation on Africa as a nation of people. The Native African who came to the United States of America by force left their culture their history behind them. All of Africa’s history has been blended into other book. Books that defraud the people of Africa of its wisdom, knowledge and accomplishments.

One has only to visit any local library or museum or even the archives of historical literature of this great Nation in search of African documentation to find the exiguity of annuls on Africa and her people. There are of late books in the larger book stores selling scant material on Africa. So very few books for such a great people.

The discussion and information given in this text is not to bring conflict or confusion in the classrooms or to the readers, but rather to point out, as stated before many of the accomplishment documented in history books were made by the Africans, but never indicated in any way.

If there was any writing of any kind regarding this subject prior to the 1800’s they were not made accessible on the market as such. Nor did the libraries carry any reading material on the subject, let alone a writer writing on the Africa-American make the Best Seller’s list.

Classroom account about the African People were told as fables or narrated as mythology. Interest in the subject at that time was nil to none. If I totally depended upon the reliability of popularity of this study and research. I would lay my pen and paper and call it quits. Why? Not because of my doubts of impossibilities, but because of the multitudes who feels the odds in this area of writing, publishing and becoming a text book for Educational purposes, are more against it than for it. But I am bold enough to think and brave enough to believe that all is well.

I am sure to encounter great difficulty in accumulating and researching truthful and proper material for this project/book. Should this work be rated by public for the sake of popularity the rating would not be very high, I am quite sure.

Never-the-less, I am not as interested in the public’s popularity rating as I am in getting this knowledge to students and other readers who desire to know about mankind, and the human race. I have resolved to discover as much on Africa’s history as I possibly can and provide conceptual information to people who desire this knowledge.

Some intellectuals would call this effort irrational but I perceive this venture as a quest that will be accomplished and be an aide to others. Someone, for whatever the reason, may find use for this work or parts there-of to helpful in their studies. I am fully aware that there are many studies and projects more replete; studies with materials of thought or expression more technical. These may be found in research groups or in areas of technology, but I see a purpose for this study and there are areas where if used in the positive sense as intended it will be a positive force for generations to come. First, I must acquiesce with those who might hold onto the fore-going argument. Yes, there are areas of research more sagacious, more scientific and, possibly more intriguing. Yet I contend that there are few, if any, more challenging than this study The Study of Africa.

My first challenge, as stated earlier is the scarcity of ancient African chronicles. The history of the African people was not brought to America in the form of a book. There were no documentations for the African man or woman to have and hold onto to be a part of who they were. Instead they were encouraged to forget who they were.

After months and months of searching libraries and ordering materials, piecing together bits of information I was informed that maybe there were information in the Universities’ libraries and other book stores. In my search I found a great many accomplishments made by the African people. Many Important accomplishments made and the true identity of the person or persons were never known. I have concluded that the historian and those that make history did not pick up all the pieces of the fragmented papers that could have given an accurate account of a great nation of people. Therefore, our students of today are not taught in our public school system of Africa as a nation, only parts of Africa, such as Egypt, which is considered by many, a nation in itself and not a part of Africa. Ethiopia is briefly mentioned and only one or two of the other states of Africa catches the eye of the historian. I learned that Ancient Africa was very beautiful and very rich in crops of fruits and vegetables also in gold, silver and precious stones once upon a time.

When I learned this I wanted all people to know this especially young African American men, young Mexican American men, and young Caucasian men. All people old and young everywhere should have some knowledge of their past. The knowledge they find in this work may not be enough to eliminate the destructive factors that have been programmed into their minds, but it may indeed be a tool used to educate and give hope, courage, build pride and deter in another direction, and halt them from complete annihilation.

Did our history books teach us about our early educational system? Did we know that the Egyptians were the leaders in mathematics, medicine, and science? The European and Greek Philosophers were taught in Egypt. They took their learning back to Europe but soon returned to Africa to leave it in ruins and lay claim on all that they were taught. We can find confirmation of this fact through many of the late documents. Namely: The Brooder File; by: Tony Brooder, and Stolen; by: George G. M. James. There are others that I will not mention at this point but we will meet them later in this book. It is my intention to make this work as interesting and informative as well as enjoyable for the student or reader as it has been rewarding for me.

CHAPTER 1

What is History

Look around America in its larger cities, especially in our Nation’s Capital similarities of Africa past can be found in almost every great building.

Education was born in Africa (Egypt and Nubia), America and the rest of the world based its foundation on this same education. Yes, Europe and especially Greece. I ask you, were not Egypt and Nubia in Africa? The answer is yes. They were two of the greatest Provinces or States, as they might be called in Africa and were trading centers or the gateways to the rest of the world.

The readers and Educators, who may by chance, after reading this document wonder why among all the history books required by the Board of Education there is none found with the title HISTORY OF AFRICA. Granted there are some few remarks, utterances, and statements about Africa and African descendants in a number of history books but these statements along are not enough. There needed to have been more detailed information and descriptions of the persons or people that were being mentioned in other history books so that the readers would know who they were. There is no doubt that the young people of today wanting to know of different ethical background. There is no reason why they should not be told.

African-American deserves to know about ancient Africa, their ancestry and their heritage. When the school boards across this Nation approve this test as a part of the Educational Curriculum, students will most likely wonder why do we need another history book and why are we being burden with another required subject. There are several answers.

The answers are: 1. There is power in knowledge, wise men search for wisdom. 2. It is not a secret people of color must search the deep dark crevices of tuins of past Kingdoms, they must search the ancient times for the mysteries and secrets of hidden relationship to gain pieces of knowledge. When these tidbits are found and put together there will be a treasure. A priceless treasure and can be stored in our personal computer, the brain.

The time has come to unfold the truth concerning Africa and her people, concerning the African American people. This matter should no longer be held in the cold dark spaces of America’s basement of obliviousness, and secret storehouses of forgetfulness. We have been taught truth shall make one free, so let the truth be known.

WHAT IS HISTORY?

One definition states History is an accurate documentation of the past, olden times, ancient times.

Another definition states History carries a connotation of knowledge of past events, places, people and things.

Still another defines History as knowledge by learning or inquiry, an account of what has happen, all recorded events of the past.

Analysis of what the above defines as history sums up to History is what is read in conjunction with what is done or seen. A testimony can be given on what is seen or what is done, a declarative made this is true, yet what is read is not always factual, the intent of the writer is that the reader believes and accept the reading as fact.

When one speak of history or historical events one must consider words such as: Beginning, Past, Time, finite, and infinite. There are other descriptive words used to define history but to get a true definition of history, if this is possible, it is necessary to define each component of history.

DEFINITION:

(a) Past – The time that is gone by former time. (The past is in the beginning).

(b) Beginning – A starting; birth; origin; source. (Beginning is the source of the past)Historians strongly believe any historical documents must have dates and places. The word beginning is the past without a date, past is beginning without a start. There is no record when beginning began there is no record when beginning became the source of past.

© Time – Is that definite, unlimited duration in which things are considered as happening in the past, present or future; the entire period of existence of the known universe; finite duration, as distinguished from infinite, the entire existence of the world; or of humanity, earthly duration.

(d) Finite – Is described as having measurable or definable limits.

(e) Infinite – Is the one word used with special care, meaning, lacking limits or bounds, extending beyond measure or comprehension; without beginning or end, endless.

We use these words frequently in our every day conversations but never really think about the real meaning of the words. The Words, themselves, cannot tell us what history is but can lead us in the direct path of defining history.

A summary of the words, Beginning, there is no record found before the beginning, the beginning gives no record of itself. It has no date of its birth or coming forth out of infinity. Therefore, history must have had its birth at the time of beginning. According to the Masters of History, In order for history to be history it warrants the following: Dates, Places, Records of events, and People causing the events. The masters also inform us history is not always found in the form of a book, but can be told by pictures, artifacts and word of mouth. It is because of these four identification aspects of history we lose so much of the truth. History, then involves: records of events, records of people, places and things. These records must be documented as basic facts seen by the writer or knowledge of inquiry based on facts provided to the writer. Knowledge can come to man in many forms, mainly through the gateway of the five senses. Most necessary to mankind in their quest for knowledge are the gateways of the eyes and ears.

Other tools are used to communicate or transfer knowledge such as: writings, signs, arts, songs, signals, and music.

Thus, much of what is known as history has been seen through the eyes and heard through the ears of Archaeologist, Scientist s and Physicists.

Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution cannot be traceable as an absolute fact, or imputed as absolute fiction. Although acknowledgement is to be expressed here when one speak of theory we think of it as a mental viewing, contemplation, speculative idea or plan as to how something might be done or how something might have happened.

Therefore, by personal choice and method Charles Darwin established his theory of evolution. Another may also select a method for establishing realism records and accounts. The majority of writers when seeking answers to questions regarding ancient days contend that the Sacred book The Bible, has proven most reliable above all other books of antiquity. Through the many versions of the Bible most critics have come together concerning the argument of theory v/s realism the Bible is one of the best source in the process of making history.

Consider Darwin’s theory conclusively states that man is the product of evolution. (a) Man evolved from some THING namely this thing being an animal or mammal. (b) This Animal or mammal evolved from an Amoebae-Protozoa. The meaning for this term is Fungus, Mold, or Spore of some One Cell living thing. Realism is genuine, authentic, unassuming, facts that can be proven. Realism is a principle. It is progress when Scientists, Archaeologist and Excavators come to an agreement on any subject, but it was a milestone when these disciplines agreed with Theologians on this issue, man was created.

Consequently we also know Historians and Archaeologist attach more historical weight on the Bible than on other books which have rather to be considered literary. The Dominican father Roland de Vaux, for example, one of the most prominent figures in history, in the interpretation of the Dead Sea Scrolls, regarded the capacity to survival of the Jewish and Christian faiths as dependent upon the agreement of religion and religious history. He stated his opinion thus… if Israel’s historical faith does not have its roots in its history (the scrolls) then it is wrong and the same is true of our faith…

From many commentaries and dictionaries Mr. Webster’s included a portion of truth and what the writers concluded as the definition of history is given as this: It is said, history is as much a part of the beginning as it is a part of the past and without the present history could not be or would it have any meaning. Befitting at this point, to say history is the infiniteness continuing to bring forth finite, hence, it takes all of the components discussed above to make even a dent in the definition of history. Charles Darwin was granted the medal of being the greatest Scientific Evolutionist that ever made giant steps in what we now know as history. His work was accepted worldwide, and we applaud Mr. Darwin for mastering a scientific solution to what he and some other Scientist considered a problem. When he astounded the world with his theory of evolution the world proclaimed a genius was born and history is made. His accomplishments were considered honorable. Men everywhere became entangle in Genetic, Phylogenetics, Ontogenetics, Physihoroletics, Bradyelics, and tachytelics. These new concepts amazed men of great intellect, and subtly entreated the rest of the world into false pedagogy.

A question poised in the document of J.M. Robert’s History of the World where did history begin? The answer given was, it is tempting to reply in the beginning but liken unto other answers this is not an acceptable answer either. A great Swiss Historian pointed out, history is the one subject where-as one cannot begin at the beginning, (for who can know the beginning).

Each character that was used in this text to define or describe history was used to potentially aide another word to assist in defining history. According to Mr. Webster and some other word books, history is defined as "an account of what has happen in the life or development of a people Country, institution, all recorded events of the past, that branch of knowledge that deals systematically with the past, a recording analyzing and explaining past events.

This definition requires one to return to unimaginable upheavals which formed this planet and even to the origin of the universe. To return to the origin of the universe we must need a full lesson in making, construction, and formation. How did we get here? We are still looking for History, a brief analogy of the word history might give us a slight implication to its meaning.

HISTORY DISSECTED:

(a) Histo – From the Greek origin Histos mean web, combining form denoting relationship to its respective parts.

(b) Historia – Latin word for history, meaning learning by inquiry, a narrative.

(c) Histor also Greek – from the base Eidenai – to know, knowing learning, to know as in wise, akin to Witam, to know, to see, knowledge.(d) Wise – Implies the ability to judge and deal with persons, situations, rightly based on a broad range of knowledge, experience, and understanding, to become aware of true facts or circumstances. Therefore, accordingly suffice it to say, history is a web combining knowledge learned through inquiring wisdom from the wise, the experiences based on situations and circumstances, and on the other side of the coin, history can and must be the unknown portion of the untold story of mankind, his achievements, his joyous and his sorrows, his environment, his social activities, and his economical welfare.

History is life, life is history. What mankind accomplishes in the span of life we so often call living, or in his life time. How well mankind used his knowledge in the task of creating planning and surviving.

History is the backtracking or stepping back into a period called past. Here events are reviewed for the purpose of taking control of tomorrow, which we call the future. (Therefore we should take advantage and make good use of today.) The Past and the Future make up a period known as Time.

Without a period of time that man chose to title the Beginning (before), and the period of time he designate as the End (after all), he could not have left a record of that period of expanse or space between the two.

Man used this expanse or space well to research the Beginning Time. He realized that this research must be kept alive through records. How could he keep such delicate information from being lost or destroyed in the expanse of Time? Man discovered that records could be kept in stones, artifacts, and parchment. Mankind from generation to generation would need these precious records to help; us remember yesterday, give us strength for today, and hope to endure tomorrow. A philosopher, Gothe, said it best, The greatest happiness of the thinking man is to have fathomed what can be fathomed and quietly to reverence what is unfathomable. Again we are back to the question, what is history? And again we find many versions of what History Is, many opinions and many variations in definitions. Therefore, I believe it expedient to surmise: History IS ‘What is created, made, formed, accomplished, acted upon, completed, achieved, produced or occurred today’.

It is all these acts having been stored, saved, or remembered from a period that slipped out of infinity (called the beginning). History is now the present (today) looking over its shoulder at the yesterdays (the past), and gazing anxiously through a window of hope at tomorrow (the future). When this cycle is completed, history will have produced a completed production of "what happened in the interval of infinity to infinity.

There are brief glances of man’s action between the two periods and we know it as history, the records kept call it history; it may not be as precise or as dependable as some would like it to be, but it is what we have to reflect on. What man failed to put in writing we may well find in another reliable source of history called the Bible. This unique book will give the cycle of mankind’s life from the beginning to end. It has been suggested alone with other sources of research material, this highly respected book of magnanimity become the guide-line for this historical research. Again, it is with great respect this sacred book, the Bible, is used for sacred scrolls in accordance with the laws of the land. Statements made are guarded and prudent. I am mindful to set limitations on speech and discreetly stay within the boundaries of our Nation’s Educational System guide-lines. With genderless and tentativeness abiding by all rules and regulations set forth in the Nation’s Educational By-laws This author solicit the Educators to view this text in the manner it is presented, a truth a people has longed for and a hope for a great Nation.

In the above paragraphs I have mentioned the Bible as a reliable source of history, mainly because most all religion known to man have some knowledge of this book. The four universal religions known to mankind today are: The Jewish, TORAH correlate with the Bible. The Islam’s, KORAN correlate with the Bible. The Christians and the Catholics rely on the BIBLE.

Not only these four major religions but others religions