Frommer's EasyGuide to Montreal and Quebec City

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Suggested Itineraries

While some suggestions here are best for warm weather, most of the recommendations are appropriate for all seasons—just remember to bundle up in wintertime. Public transportation in Montréal is excellent, and Québec City is compact, so unless noted, you won’t need a car for these tours.

The Best of Montréal in 1 Day: Historic Montréal

This overview of historic Montréal allows time for random exploring, shopping, or lingering in sidewalk cafes. If you’re staying only one night, book a room in a Vieux-Montréal boutique hotel. Many first-time visitors find themselves drawn to the plazas and narrow cobblestone streets of this 18th- and 19th-century neighborhood, so you might as well be based there. Start: Vieux-Montréal, at Place d’Armes.

1  Place d’Armes

Begin your day in this outdoor plaza, the heart of Vieux-Montréal Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg , at the site of the city’s oldest building, the Vieux Séminaire de St-Sulpice

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, built by priests who arrived in 1657. Next to it is the Basilique Notre-Dame Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

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, an 1824 church with a stunning interior of intricately gilded rare woods. Its acoustics are so perfect that the late, famed opera star Luciano Pavarotti performed here several times.

Consider taking the walking tour of Vieux-Montréal on

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, which takes you past every historic structure in this historic neighborhood and eventually to our next stop. Or, to go to Pointe-à-Callière directly, walk down the slope from the Basilica on either side street.

The Basilique Notre-Dame in Montréal

2  Pointe-à-Callière Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

The Pointe-à-Callière (Museum of Archaeology and History) is our favorite museum for a full immersion into Québec history. Its underground tunnels have remnants of Amerindian camps and early French settlements. See

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3   Olive et Gourmando Red_cup.jpg Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

This funky cafe is a city highlight. Eat in or take out if the weather’s right for a picnic lunch by the river. The Cuban sandwich is a popular choice. See

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Unless you’re a very ambitious walker, take a cab, the Métro to Guy-Concordia, or a BIXI rental bike to get to:

4  Musée des Beaux-Arts Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

This is the city’s glorious fine-arts museum. Temporary shows, especially, are dazzling. See

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5  Rue Crescent

From the museum, walk south on rue Crescent. If you’re in a shopping mood, Ste-Catherine, 2 blocks down, is the nexus for department stores and mid-priced shopping (turn left and head east). Rue Crescent itself is a touristy strip for drinking and people-watching. If it’s warm, grab a seat on one of the large terraces.

6   Sir Winston Churchill Pub Red_cup.jpg Red-Star1_redstar1.jpg

Epicenter of the rue Crescent scene for years, this pub fills with people of all ages. It’s a good spot to nurse a pint while taking in the passing pedestrian parade. See

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For dinner options downtown or in other neighborhoods, see the listings in chapter 6.

The Best of Montréal in 2 Days: a Rich French Heritage

With the absolute essentials of historic Old Montréal and downtown Anglophone cultural institutions under your belt on Day 1, take a journey into French Montréal on your second day. Residents here spend time outdoors all times of the year, and this itinerary nudges you in the same direction. Start: Viau Métro station.

1  Jardin Botanique Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

These lush, romantic, year-round botanical gardens comprise 75 hectares (185 acres) of plants and flowers with 10 exhibition greenhouses. They offer up sophistication and relaxation to start the day. See

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Take the Métro to Sherbrooke and walk 1 block west to rue St-Denis, turning right (north).

2  Rue St-Denis & Plateau Mont-Royal

Rue St-Denis is one central artery of Francophone Montréal, thick with cafes, bistros, offbeat shops, and lively nightspots. As you head north into Plateau Mont-Royal, famous for its outdoor winding staircases, there are no must-see sights, so wander at will and surrender to the heart of French Montréal’s color and vitality. Maybe set a cafe as a destination: One good option is Boulangerie Première Moisson, a bakery of delectables at 860 av. Mont-Royal est (at rue St-André). There, more than the half the 50 staff hail from France.

See chapter 6 for more eating options in the Plateau. Take the Métro to Place des Arts for evening options.

3  Quartier des Spectacles

What to do tonight? The Quartier des Spectacles is the entertainment district of the city. It’s walking distance from both Vieux-Montréal and downtown and includes the Place des Arts plaza. Ballet, opera, and symphony orchestras are all here, as are many of the festivals that take place year round. Even if you don’t speak French, consider getting tickets for a French-language show for a fully immersive experience. Regular priced and same-day discount tickets are available at the high-tech ticketing center La Vitrine, 2 Ste-Catherine est

(

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866/924-5538

or 514/285-4545). Last-minute bargains are also posted online at www.lavitrine.com.

Whether you get tickets or not, this area is still a good spot for finding a meal or strolling. If a festival is going on, chances are more than good that parts of it will be spilling over, for free, right here.

Montréal’s Place des Arts, a cultural center for ballet, opera, and symphony

The Best of Montréal in 3 Days: The Great Outdoors

If you’ve followed the above itineraries on Days 1 and 2, you’ve already visited Montréal’s primary must-see sights. Today, take in the great parks and waterways of the city. Start: Peel Métro station (if you’re in the mood for a hike) or a taxi ride to Lac des Castors at the top of Parc du Mont-Royal.

1  Parc du Mont-Royal Red-Star2_redstar2.jpg

The hill that rises behind downtown is the small mountain, Mont Royal, which gives the city its name. This crest became a public park somewhat according to plans by architect Frederick Law Olmsted. Throngs of people come for its woods, paths, and meadows in all four seasons. You can join them with a stroll up from Peel station (see

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for a walking tour). Otherwise, take a taxi ride to Lac des Castors (Beaver Lake) at the top or hop on bus #11, which runs between Métro stations Mont-Royal and Chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges. See

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After some time at the city’s highest point, make your way either by bus and Métro, or by taxi, to the waterways at the southern end of the city.

2  Vieux-Port Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

The Old Port at the edge of Vieux-Montréal has been transformed into a broad, vibrant park. Principal among the attractions is the Centre des Sciences de Montréal

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, on quai (pier) King Edward. The center contains interactive exhibits that enthrall most everyone’s inner geek.

In the warm months, glass-enclosed Le Bateau-Mouche (www.bateaumouche.com; Black-Phone_bphone.jpg

800/361-9952

or 514/849-9952), reminiscent of the boats on the Seine in Paris, take passengers on a route inaccessible by traditional vessels and providing sweeping views of the city and nearby islands. See

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You can also rent bicycles and in-line skates by the hour or day from here, and then head out to the peaceful Lachine Canal, a nearly flat 11km (6.8-mile) bicycle path that’s open year round. See

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. The St-Ambroise brewpub (www.mcauslan.com; Black-Phone_bphone.jpg

514/939-3060

) is right along the canal, and its terrace makes a good destination in warm months. Its Pub Annexe St-Ambroise, inside, is open year round.

3   Le Jardin Nelson Red_cup.jpg Red-Star2_redstar2.jpg

Vieux-Montréal has plenty of good restaurants, and one of the most popular is Le Jardin Nelson, on the main square, Place Jacques-Cartier. It’s open in the warm months and has a back terrace where jazz musicians perform during the day and evening. The menu offers a roster of main-course and dessert crepes. See

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Don’t Be shy, Give BIXI a Try

I love the BIXI concept—take a bike, ride it around, drop it anywhere—but I had to wonder: Are those gray-and-red cruisers really for anyone, even little ole non-Montréaler me? The answer: Mais oui! A visit to www.bixi.com showed the BIXI bike stations closest to where I was staying. At the station, I planned my route and drop-off point using the large posted map (and I took note of the bike lanes that are everywhere). I put my bag into BIXI’s iron-clad front rack and bungee, which could secure a barrel of daredevils plunging down Niagara Falls. One swipe of a credit card, and off I careened—I was in Montréal, on a bike!

I’m comfortable with urban biking, but I’ll admit to wobbling my first few BIXI kilometers. By design, the bikes are unisex and supersturdy, and I am neither. As I watched one neighborhood roll into the next, I realized my feet could barely reach the pedals. Seat height is adjustable, so I took a break and lowered it, pas de problème. When the sun is shining down the Main, there’s really no better way to get from croissant to bagel. (For more on BIXI, see

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.)

—Erin Trahan

A Romantic Day in Montréal

Romance is in the eyes of the beholder, which makes this a tricky tour to propose. Sitting hand in hand on a quiet park bench might be all you need for a moment to be luminous—while your best friend might dream of dropping C$300 on a luxurious dinner in a sky-high restaurant. You can have both. Options here range from the modest to the opulent. This day starts in Plateau Mont-Royal then moves to Vieux-Montréal and stays there. Start: Mont-Royal Métro station.

1  Stroll Parc La Fontaine Red-Star1_redstar1.jpg

Start at the park’s northern end, along rue Rachel est. This park in Plateau Mont-Royal is one of the city’s most popular. Half is landscaped in a formal French manner, half in a more casual English style. You can rent ice skates to glide across the frozen central lake in winter, while in summer you can rent rowboats, walk the paths, and cuddle up lakeside. See

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(Alternatively, if you haven’t been yet, head to Jardin Botanique, the city’s lush, year-round botanical gardens. See The Best of Montréal in 2 Days, above.)

Travel back to Vieux-Montréal, where the rest of this itinerary takes place. To get there, hop a BIXI bike or take the Métro to Place d’Armes.

2  Take the Waters Red-Star1_redstar1.jpg

Do like the Swedish do to relax and hit the baths. Vieux-Montréal has two options: Scandinave Les Bains and Bota Bota. At Scandinave Les Bains, visitors (in bathing suits) have the run of the complex that includes a warm bath the size of a small swimming pool with jets and a waterfall and a steam room thick with the scent of eucalyptus oil. A transformed ferryboat docked in Vieux-Port houses Bota Bota, which offers a similar circuit of dry saunas, steam rooms, and Jacuzzis, two of which are outside. See

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3  Find Some Sweets for Your Sweet

Perhaps cupcakes from the cute bakery Les Glaceurs in Vieux-Montréal (453 rue St-Sulpice)? Or maybe treats by local chocolatier Les Chocolats de Chloé, which spices up offerings with cardamom, pistachio, and Earl Grey tea? (The chocolates are sold in their shop at 546 rue Duluth est in the Plateau and at the Vieux-Montréal restaurant Olive et Gourmando; see p 86.)

4  Check into Auberge du Vieux-Port Red-Star2_redstar2.jpg

Exposed brick and stone walls, massive beams, and polished hardwood floors define the hideaway bedrooms. The intimate roof top terrace offers a prime place to enjoy drinks (and has views of the fireworks over the harbor from June to August during L’International des Feux Loto-Québec, an annual fireworks competition). See

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5  Savor a Dinner Cruise on Le Bateau-Mouche

This glass-enclosed vessel is reminiscent of those on the Seine in Paris. It’s a floating restaurant and terrasse, and the dinner is a chichi affair. The staff is outfitted in black-tie and women will be comfortable in cocktail dresses. If you coordinate your trip with the summer fireworks festival, the pyrotechnics will explode right above you. See

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The dinner cruise on Le Bateau-Mouche comes with spectacular river views.

The Best of Québec City in 1 Day: Step Back into the 17th & 18th Centuries

With an ancient wall surrounding the oldest part of the city, Québec City sustains the look of a provincial European village that keeps watch over the powerful St. Lawrence River. For a short visit, book a hotel in the Old City, either within the walls of the Haute-Ville (Upper Town) or in the quieter Basse-Ville (Lower Town). Start: Château Frontenac.

1  Château Frontenac Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

As soon as you’re done unpacking, head to Château Frontenac

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—its peaked copper roofs are visible from everywhere. The hotel’s posh bar and pretty cafe are great for a splurge. The long promenade alongside the hotel, the Terrasse Dufferin, offers panoramic views of the St. Lawrence River and of the city’s Basse-Ville (Lower Town). In winter, an old-fashioned toboggan run takes over the steep staircase at the south end.

Head down to Basse-Ville either by the funiculaire, the glass-encased outdoor elevator, or the staircase called L’escalier du Casse-Cou. They’re right next to each other. Both routes end at the top of rue du Petit-Champlain, a touristy pedestrian street of shops and restaurants. Save that for later, and instead walk ahead on rue Sous-le-Fort and make the first left turn to reach:

2  Place-Royale Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

Restored 17th- and 18th-century houses surround this small but picturesque square, the site of the first European colony in Canada. The church on one side was built in 1688. A visit to the Musée de la Place Royale is an option here. See

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Past the Musée de la Place Royale, at the end of rue Notre-Dame, turn around to view a trompe l’oeil mural depicting citizens of the early city. Continue past the mural and turn right to walk toward the river. Turn left on rue Dalhousie and walk to:

3  Musée de la Civilisation Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

A city highlight. This ambitious museum, filled with fascinating exhibits, can easily fill 2 or 3 hours. Don’t miss the permanent exhibition People of Québec . . . Then and Now, which explores the province’s roots as a fur-trading colony and gives a rich sense of Québec’s daily life over the generations. See

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Leaving the museum, turn left on rue Dalhousie, left on rue St-Paul, and walk to rue du Sainte-au-Matelot.

4   A Bounty of Bistros Red_cup.jpg

Within a block of the corner of rues St-Paul and du Sault-au-Matelot is a strong selection of bistros and casual eateries. Almost any of them will do for a snack or a meal, but one favorite choice is L’Échaudé, Black-Star1_bstar1.jpg . It offers classic French dishes and puts out sidewalk tables in summer. See

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5  Rue St-Paul & Antiquing

The northern end of the short street rue St-Paul is great for browsing for antiques and collectibles.

Turn right at rue St-Thomas and cross rue St-André.

Rue St-Paul in Old Town Québec City

6  Marché du Vieux-Port Red-Star2_redstar2.jpg

This large market is open year round, and offers regional produce and other agricultural products for sale. Look for vin de cidre (cider wine), cassis from the Île d’orléans company Cassis Monna et filles, or maple syrup items (sirop d’érable). See

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7  Drink it All In

To close out a day back in time, dine at one of the many restaurants that are steeped in Québec history and food specialties. Initiale Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg guarantees an impeccable meal, while Aux Anciens Canadiens Red-Star2_redstar2.jpg offers traditional Québécois cuisine. For a more modern take on provincial sophistication, Le Clocher Penché Bistrot Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg is one of the best bistros in a town that specializes in them. See

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, and

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respectively.

The Best of Québec City in 2 Days: Military History That Resounds Today

During repeated conflicts with the British in the 18th century, the residents of New France moved to the top of the cliffs of Cap Diamant. Over the years, they created fortifications with battlements and artillery emplacements that eventually encircled the city. Most of the defensive walls remain, although many have been restored repeatedly. For your second day in Québec City, these historic mementos are the centerpiece of your tour. Start: Terrasse Dufferin.

1  Promenade des Gouverneurs Red-Star1_redstar1.jpg

Walk south to the end of Terrasse Dufferin. At the end, go up the staircase to the Promenade des Gouverneurs. This path was renovated in 2007 and skirts the sheer cliff wall, climbing up and up past Québec’s military Citadelle, a fort built by the British army between 1820 and 1850 that remains an active military garrison. The promenade/staircase ends at the grassy Parc des Champs-de-Bataille, about 15 minutes away. See

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From here, walk around the rim of the fortress.

2  La Citadelle Red-Star1_redstar1.jpg

The Citadelle has a low profile, dug into the land, instead of rising above it. A ceremonial changing of the guard takes place daily at 10am in summer (June 24 to the first Mon of Sept) and can be viewed from here. See

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Walk down the hill toward the road. Grande-Allée passes through the city walls at porte (gate) St-Louis, our next destination.

Entrance to the historic Citadelle in Québec City, still in use today

3  Porte St-Louis & the Walls Red-Star1_redstar1.jpg

After Grande-Allée passes through the large gate called porte St-Louis, it becomes rue St-Louis, a main road through Old Town. The long greenway on the inside of the walls here is Parc l’Esplanade. Stroll along it and down a steep hill to another main gate in the wall, porte St-Jean (a 20th-century re-creation). Nearby is the Parc de l’Artillerie, where you can view an officer’s mess and quarters and an old iron foundry. See

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Walk west on rue St-Jean through the gate. This is Place d’Youville, a plaza with hotels, a concert hall, and restaurants. Many of the city’s festivals, in both summer and winter, set up outdoor stages here.

4   Ristorante il Teatro Red_cup.jpg

A good bet for lunch or dinner, with sidewalk seating in warm weather. The menu offers Italian comfort food in a snazzy setting, with pasta and risotto specialties. The restaurant is part of Le Capitole, a hotel-theater complex.

Walk back through the gate to browse along:

5  Rue St-Jean

An ever-updated variety of shops, pubs, and restaurants line rue St-Jean, one of the liveliest of Vieux-Québec’s streets. Chapter 14 lists some of the shopping possibilities here.

At the end of rue St-Jean, bear right up Côte de la Fabrique. At the end is:

6  Basilique Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Québec Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

In 2014, the Basilica celebrated 350 years as the mother parish to all of North America. What with bombardments, fires, and repeated rebuilding, this oldest Christian parish north of Mexico is nothing if not perseverant. Parts of it, including the bell tower, survive from the original 1647 building, but most of what remains is from a 1771 reconstruction. Step inside to see the blindingly bright gold leaf. See

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Leaving the church, walk left along rue du Buade and turn right onto the narrow pedestrian alley rue du Trésor. Artists set up here and sell etchings, drawings, and watercolors. Rue du Trésor ends at the central plaza of Upper Town, Place d’Armes. Château Frontenac is directly across the plaza.

7   Outdoor Cafe Dining Red_cup.jpg

If it’s warm, snag an outdoor table at any of the restaurants on rue Ste-Anne. One favorite is Le Pain Béni Black-Star1_bstar1.jpg , the restaurant at the Auberge Place d’Armes

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. The food here is adventurous: Québécois classics with modern twists. Options include medium-sized portions for sharing, tapas-style.

The Best of Québec City in 3 Days: Fresh Arts & Fresh Air

While the romance of the capital is largely contained within Vieux-Québec’s Lower and Upper Towns, outside the Old City offers much to experience in its own right. On your third day, try to make time for at least one or two of the following attractions, toward the western end of Parc des Champs-de-Bataille (Battlefields Park). Start: Musée des Beaux-Arts.

1  Musée National des Beaux-Arts du Québec Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

Inside Parc des Champs-de-Bataille (Battlefields Park, which contains the Plains of Abraham) is the capital’s most important art museum. It focuses on Inuit sculpture and the works of Québec-born artisans. The original 1933 museum connects with a newer structure via a glass-roofed pavilion with a reception area, museum shop, and cafe. See

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Walk outside into:

2  Parc des Champs-de-Bataille Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

Get some fresh air with a stroll through the 108 hectares (267 acres) that comprise Canada’s first national urban park and the city’s playground. Within its rolling hills are two Martello towers, cylindrical stone defensive structures built between 1808 and 1812, as well as cycling paths and picnic grounds. See

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Head back to the main street, Grand-Allée, and cross over to the perpendicular street:

Strolling through Parc des Champs-de-Bataille

3  Avenue Cartier

Just a few blocks from the museum, avenue Cartier is part of the laid-back residential Montcalm district with many intriguing shops and restaurants.

4   Café Krieghoff Red_cup.jpg Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg

This cheerful cafe has an outdoor terrace a few steps up from the sidewalk. On weekend mornings, artsy locals of all ages pack the tables piled high with bowls of café au lait and huge plates of eggs, sweet pastries, or classics like steak frites.

5  Grande-Allée

Walk back to Grande-Allée and turn left to get back to the Old City. There’s a gentle downhill slope. After about 3 blocks, you’ll find a stretch of shoulder-to-shoulder cafes and clubs. The Old City is another 10-minute walk ahead.

A Romantic Day in Québec City

We’ll acknowledge for a second time that one person’s definition of romance might be different from another’s (see Romantic Montréal, above) but this endearing city has so many charms, we wanted to provide a few ideas for how to unlock them. Start: Château Frontenac.

1  Let a Horse be Your Guide

Hiring a horse-drawn carriage (or calèche) may sound like a romantic cliché, but how many times have you actually done it? There’s no better place, or perhaps time, to try. Carriages will pick you up or can be hired from locations throughout the city, including at Place d’Armes. A 40-minute ride costs C$90, plus tip, for four people maximum. See

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If your trip ends at Château Frontenac, take rue Fort (pass Place d’Armes on your left), turn left on rue de Buade, and then right on Côte de la Fabrique, where at no. 2 you can:

2  Embrace the French Language

There’s a reason so many English-speakers associate the French language with romance—it truly slides off the tongue. Québec is deeply proud of its Francophone past, present, and future. Better acquaint yourself with all three at Musée de l’Amérique Francophone Red-Star2_redstar2.jpg . While you’re at it, why not memorize a few phrases to take home. How about: Tu es ma joie de vivre. (You are the joy of my life.) Too sappy? Attache ta tuque means Get, ready, let’s go! (Or more literally, Put on your winter hat.) See

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From here, turn left on rue de Buade, grab your partner’s hand, and keep going down the steep grade of the curved Côte de la Montagne, where you’ll find stairs to:

3  Amble Down rue de Petit-Champlain

You can’t leave town without a stroll down the old-world, amiable rue de Petit-Champlain, especially after dark, when the shops are lit from within. You’ll find a few of them listed in chapter 14. Wintertime is especially magical here, when much of the street is lit by small Christmas lights.

Take a moment to bask in the enchanting backdrop, and then do what most travelers do, plan your next meal. If you want, you can:

A calèche ride through Québec City

4  Celebrate a Milestone & Join the Party

Whether you are falling in love, marking an anniversary, or simply thrilled at your first-ever horse-drawn carriage ride, it doesn’t matter—you name the milestone, and then make like the Québécois, and celebrate! This city loves its festivals and there’s likely a festival party underway somewhere that you can throw yourself into (see chapter 15 for a list).

5  Romantic Table for Two, Please

To top off a romantic day, consider a meal at the legendary Le Saint-Amour restaurant in Upper Town. Or, venture off the central tourist grid to the St-Roch neighborhood. For a classy, contemporary bistro experience, book a table for two at Le Clocher Penché Bistrot Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg . If a perfect bottle of wine and tapas is more your style, head for Le Cercle Red-Star3_redstar3.jpg . See

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, 209, or 208.

3

Montréal & Québec City in Context

Montréal and Québec City, the twin cities of the province of Québec, have a stronger European flavor than Canada’s other municipalities. French is the first language of most residents and the official language of the province, and a strong affiliation with France continues to be a central facet of the region’s personality.

The defining dialectics of Canadian life are culture and language, and both are thorny issues that have long threatened to tear the country apart. Many Québécois have long believed that making Québec a separate, independent state is the only way to maintain their rich French culture in the face of the Anglophone—English speaking—ocean that surrounds them. On the other hand, the popularity of the political party that represents this point of view, Parti Québécois, waxes and wanes, and today is viewed by many as too extreme to be taken seriously. Even though secession is nearly completely unlikely, as Montréal celebrates its 375 birthday (in 2017), Québec’s role within the Canadian federation continues to be one of the most debated and volatile topics of conversation in Canadian politics.

A multitude of reasons account for the festering intransigence, of course—about 250 years’ worth. After France lost power in Québec to the British in the 18th century, a kind of linguistic exclusionism developed, with wealthy Scottish and English bankers and merchants denying French-Canadians access to upper levels of business and government. This bias continued well into the mid-20th century.

Many in Québec stayed committed to the French language and culture after the imposition of British rule. Even with later waves of other immigrant populations pouring into the cities, a bedrock of French loyalty guarded the province’s Gallic roots. France may have relinquished control of Québec to Great Britain in 1763, but France’s influence, even 150 years after its rule, remains powerful. Many Québécois continue to look across the Atlantic for inspiration in fashion, food, and the arts. Culturally and linguistically, it is that tenacious French connection that gives the province its special character.

Two other important cultural phenomena have emerged over the past two decades. The first is an institutional acceptance of gay rights. By changing the definition of spouse in 39 laws and regulations in 1999, Québec’s government eliminated all legal distinctions between same-sex and heterosexual couples and became Canada’s first province to recognize the legal status of same-sex civil unions. Gay marriage became legal in all of Canada’s provinces and territories in 2005. Montréal, in particular, has transformed into one of North America’s most welcoming cities for gay people.

The second phenomenon is the continuing influx of a wide variety of immigrants into the province’s melting pot. That has led to a not-insignificant amount of angst over the so-called reasonable accommodation of minority religious practices, particularly those of Muslims and Orthodox Jews. The identity inherited from the French-Canadian past is perfectly legitimate and it must survive, a 2008 national report said, but it can no longer occupy alone the Québec identity space. Immigrants, together with aboriginal people from 11 First Nation tribes who live in the province, help make the region as vibrant and alive as any on the continent.

The Cities Today

What makes both Montréal and Québec City special is the way they meld the very old and very new. In Québec City, the centuries-old walls that provided military protection are still in place, and the streets and lanes within their embrace have changed little, preserving for posterity the heart of New France. But the city’s St-Roch neighborhood has a youthful pop and an influx of new technology and media companies, that have brought with them trendy restaurants and bars.

Montréal has shifted personas over the decades, and today is one of the most cosmopolitan and European cities in North America. It has mostly shaken off the racy image it developed when the U.S. was dry during U.S. Prohibition from 1920 to 1933. In those years, American bootleggers, hard drinkers, and prostitutes flocked across the border, much to the distress of much of Montréal’s citizenry. In the 1950s, a cleanup began alongside a boom in high-rise construction. Restoration also began in the old port area, which had become dilapidated and rundown. In 1967, Montréal welcomed international audiences to Expo 67, the World’s Fair.

The renaissance of much of the oldest part of the city, Vieux-Montréal, blossomed in the 1990s and continues today. A newly (and seemingly continually) renovated Quartier des Spectacles arts district, walking distance from the major parts of the city, gives the city a new flair. It’s where many of the celebrations throughout 2017 for the city’s 375th birthday will likely be taking place (details about the celebrations are at www.375mtl.com).

Quartier des spectacles, a hub for design creativity in Montréal

To understand the province’s unique politics, you need to back up about 50 years. A phenomenon later labeled the Quiet Revolution began bubbling in the 1960s. The movement focused on transforming the largely rural, agricultural province into an urbanized entity. French-Canadians, long denied access to the upper echelons of desirable corporate careers, started to insist on equal opportunity with the powerful Anglophone minority. In 1968, Pierre Trudeau, a bilingual Québécois, became Canada’s prime minister, a post he held for 18 years. More flamboyant and brilliant than any of his predecessors, he devoted much time to trying to placate voters on both sides of the French-English issue.

Also in 1968, the Parti Québécois was founded by René Lévesque, and a separatist movement began in earnest. (See The Fight to Keep Québec’s French Heritage,

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.) The question of whether Québec would stay part of Canada was an underlying issue for decades, and during the 1990s especially it led to an unsettled mood in the province. Large businesses left town, anxious that if the province actually did secede, they would find themselves based outside of Canada proper. Economic opportunities were limited.

Things began to change after the turn of the century. The Canadian dollar began to strengthen. Unemployment, long in double digits, shrank to less than 6%. Crime in Montréal, which was already one of the continent’s safest cities, hit a 20-year low. The rash of

for rent

signs that disfigured Montréal in the 1990s was replaced by a welcome shortage of retail and office space. In 2002, the 28 towns and cities on the Island of Montréal merged into one megacity with a population that’s now about 1.9 million.

As significantly, the proportion of foreign-born Québec citizens continued to grow. In 2006, foreign-born nationals made up 20% of Canada’s population, with Montréal, Toronto, Vancouver, and Calgary their prime destinations. The province of Québec welcomed over 50,000 permanent residents in 2010, with over 46,000 of them settling in Montréal, and another 2,600 in Québec City.

Immigrants have made Montréal their own. Food author