desease vector

Mosquitoes are commonly identified to species level using morphological traits, but complementary methods for identification are often necessary when specimens are collected as immature stages, stored inadequately, or when delineation of species complexes is problematic. DNA-barcoding using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene is one such tool used for the morphological identification of species. A comprehensive entomological survey of mosquito species in Mexico State identified by COI DNA barcoding and morphology is documented in this paper. Specimens were collected from all the physiographic provinces in Mexico State between 2017 and 2019. Overall, 2,218 specimens were collected from 157 localities representing both subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae. A species checklist that consists of 6 tribes, 10 genera, 20 sub-genera, and 51 species, 35 of which are new records for Mexico State, is provided. Three hundred and forty-two COI sequences of 46 species were analysed. Mean intraspecific and interspecific distances ranged between 0% to 3.9% and from 1.2% to 25.3%, respectively. All species groups were supported by high bootstraps values in a Neighbour-Joining analysis, and new COI sequences were generated for eight species: Aedes chionotum Zavortink, Ae. vargasi Schick, Ae. gabriel Schick, Ae. guerrero Berlin, Ae. ramirezi Vargas and Downs, Haemagogus meso-dentatus Komp and Kumm, Culex restrictor Dyar and Knab, and Uranotaenia geometrica Theobald. This study provides a detailed inventory of the Culicidae from Mexico State and discusses the utility of DNA barcoding as a complementary tool for accurate mosquito species identification in Mexico.

Mosquitoes are commonly identified to species level using morphological traits, but complementary methods for identification are often necessary when specimens are collected as immature stages, stored inadequately, or when delineation of species complexes is problematic. DNA-barcoding using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene is one such tool used for the morphological identification of species. A comprehensive entomological survey of mosquito species in Mexico State identified by COI DNA barcoding and morphology is documented in this paper. Specimens were collected from all the physiographic provinces in Mexico State between 2017 and 2019. Overall, 2,218 specimens were collected from 157 localities representing both subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae. A species checklist that consists of 6 tribes, 10 genera, 20 sub-genera, and 51 species, 35 of which are new records for Mexico State, is provided. Three hundred and forty-two COI sequences of 46 species wer...

Mosquitoes are commonly identified to species level using morphological traits, but complementary methods for identification are often necessary when specimens are collected as immature stages, stored inadequately, or when delineation of species complexes is problematic. DNA-barcoding using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene is one such tool used for the morphological identification of species. A comprehensive entomological survey of mosquito species in Mexico State identified by COI DNA barcoding and morphology is documented in this paper. Specimens were collected from all the physiographic provinces in Mexico State between 2017 and 2019. Overall, 2,218 specimens were collected from 157 localities representing both subfamilies Anophelinae and Culicinae. A species checklist that consists of 6 tribes, 10 genera, 20 sub-genera, and 51 species, 35 of which are new records for Mexico State, is provided. Three hundred and forty-two COI sequences of 46 species wer...

The people’s understanding of waste affects their attitudes and modes in waste management. The attitudes
towards health-community-based waste management has their positive impact i.e. improving environmental
and community health and in the end promoting community’s economy. This research aimed at understanding
the effectiveness of health-community-based waste management in Yogyakarta indicated by the residents’
knowledge of waste, attitude, behavior, and the existence of desease vector and economical condition. This
was a social action research, which applied a quantitative method. The research was conducted through implementing
waste management based on community health perception. The data-collecting technique involved
observation participant technique. There was a significant difference between people’s knowledge on waste
management before and after waste management counselling with p value 0.000 < 0.05. There was a significant
difference between the people’s attitude before and after waste management counselling with p value 0.021 <
0.05. There was a significant difference between the people’s behavior before and after waste management counselling
with 0.033 < 0.05. There was a significant difference between the density of fly population before and
after waste management counselling with p value 0.013 < 0.05. The average of 30 participants’ income earned
from garbage is IDR 55.952.83 quarterly or IDR 18.650.61 (IDR 13.450.00 = 1 US$). The conclusion is knowledge,
attitude, behavior indicators and vector density improved after the training of health-communicty based waste
management.
Keywords: knowledge; attitude; behavior; desease vector; waste management