Working conditions of social workers

Shopping malls (SM), which are shared as working and private life environment at the same time, with a number increasing every day, have substantional contribution to economy and employment. At the end of 2013, the total number of SMs in Turkey is expected to reach 333, the number of those employed in is expected to reach 400 thousand, and the number of visitors is expected to reach 1.6 billion. The SM market in Turkey has been developing very fast, increasing 18 percent on average every year since the early 2000s. SMs provide a working environment for the employees, meantime providing many aspects for the visitors, such as shopping or cultural values. In this context, SMs set centres in which both visitor and personnel health and safety are equally important. In this study, within the framework of No. 6331 Occupational Health and Safety Law (İSGK), SM management, store owners and subcontractors are evaluated as separate employers and each group of employers' obligations originated from this law to its employees, customers and visitors is examined. Because of the law adopting a proactive approach and risk assessment being the main principal of this approach, a study on the risk analysis and evaluation in a SM is also given as an example. The study is completed with some suggestions relating to effective implementation of occupational health and safety (OHS) in SMs. 6331 Within The Framework Employer Obligations and An Example of …İ.KILKIŞ, C.GÜLER, O.GÖKULU www.isguc.org 83 Özet Aynı anda hem çalışma yaşamı hem de özel yaşam olarak paylaşılan Alışveriş Merkezleri(AVM) her geçen gün artan sayısı ile ekonomiye ve istihdama ciddi katkılarda bulunmaktadır. 2013 yıl sonu itibariyle Türkiye'deki toplam AVM sayısının 333, istihdam edilenlerin sayısının 400 bin ve ziyaretçi sayısının 1,6 milyara ulaşması beklenmektedir. Türkiye'de AVM piyasası 2000'lerin başından bu yana her yıl ortalama yüzde 18 büyüyerek çok hızlı bir gelişim göstermektedir. AVM'ler orada çalışanlar için bir işyeri niteliği taşırken ziyaretçiler açısından alışverişten kültürel faaliyetlere kadar bir çok nedenle gidilen bir mekan özelliğine sahiptir. Bu bağlamda AVM'ler, çalışan sağlığı ve güvenliğinin sağlanmasının yanı sıra ziyaretçi sağlığı ve güvenliğinin de aynı derecede önemli olduğu merkezleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 6331 sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu(İSGK) çerçevesinde AVM yönetimi, mağaza sahipleri ve alt işverenler ayrı birer işveren olarak değerlendirilmiş ve her bir grup işverenin çalışanlarına, müşterilerine ve ziyaretçilerine karşı bu kanundan kaynaklanan yükümlülükleri incelenmiştir. Kanunun proaktif bir yaklaşımı esas alması ve bu yaklaşımın temelini risk değerlendirmesinin oluşturması nedeniyle AVM'de risk analizi ve değerlendirmesine yönelik bir çalışma da örnek olarak verilmiştir. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği(İSG)nin AVM'lerde etkin bir şekilde uygulanabilmesine yönelik bazı önerilerle çalışma tamamlanmıştır.

The unorganized labour could be described as those who have not been able to be organized in pursuits of common objective because of constraints, such as casual nature of employment, ignorance, and illiteracy. The small size of establishments with low capital investment per person employed, scattered nature of establishment and superior strength of the employer operating singularly or in combination. Labour engaged in informal sectors, being unorganized, have weak bargaining power and have been deprived of reasonable wages and working conditions. It is a common complaint that the benefits of labour legislation have not reached rural and unorganized labour. Unlike the modern sector, where wages are usually protected by labour legislations and trade union activity in the informal sector, there is an easier entry, but less job security and lower earnings. The people working in the unorganized sector are mostly middle-class people. Unorganized laborers work under the close supervision, control of employers and they do not have a common employer. They face many problems like Low productivity, due to lack of skills and proper tools, No protection from the minimum wage legislative and Exploitation by middlemen/ contractors.  This Study is conducted with 50 respondents, 25 female, and 25 male sales personnel. The Objectives are; to understand the working conditions of the respondents and to explore the possible progressive changes in the working conditions of the respondents. Both primary and secondary data is collected in this study.

The articles in this series explore many of the ILO’s core topics and how they have evolved over time. Some topics have persisted as concerns since the time of the ILO’s creation, whereas others – like just transition to environmental sustainability and corporate social responsibility – have emerged more recently thanks to changes in production and labour. A historical perspective contextualizes the progress made while also opening a space to debate future challenges. Some of the topics covered are: full employment, limits on working hours, minimum wage, the elimination of child labour and of forced labour, workplace safety and health standards, protection against occupational accident, the expansion of social security for the elderly and in case of sickness, and others.

The shifts in hospitals from single-site functionally organized university and community hospitals to multilayered, mega institutions have had dramatic effects on social work practice. Through this longitudinal research we examine, using a strengths perspective and qualitative interviews, the strategies social workers in 22 hospitals across Ontario, Canada, utilized to survive and thrive. The findings identify the importance of clearly articulating one's value to the organization, staying current, and being flexible.