Thyristors

A low-loss, high-power-factor flyback rectifier is presented, which is designed as a possible application for a new type of smart power integrated circuit. This is going to be manufactured by ST Microelectronics using the VIPower © M3 technology and will include on the same silicon chip both control circuitry and an emitter switching power device. In order to avoid dangerous interactions between power and control part of the integrated circuit, it is necessary to control the rate of change of the power device voltage at turn-off. Accordingly, a lossless passive snubber was added to the conventional converter topology. The snubber also limits the voltage spikes across the power device, due to the transformer leakage inductance, and reduces the electromagnetic noise generation. A modified non-linear carrier control is considered which, thanks to the integration of the switch current signal, ensures high power factor and inherent noise immunity together with a simple control implementation (no need of input voltage sensing, multiplier and current error amplifier). A 200 W converter prototype was tested in order to evaluate the achievable performance.

This paper describes means for stepless speed control of induction motors, using silicon controlled rectifiers with delayed firing to vary the primary voltage, and Saturistors' in the motor secondary circuits to limit the rise in current at low speeds.

The ESD robustness on different device structures and layout parameters of high-voltage (HV) NMOS has been investigated in 40-V CMOS process with silicon verification. It was demonstrated that a specific structure of HV n-type silicon controlled rectifier (HVNSCR) embedded into HV NMOS without N-drift implant in the drain region has the best ESD robustness. Moreover, due to the different current distributions in HV NMOS and HVNSCR, the trends of the TLP-measured It2 under different spacings from the drain diffusion to polygate are different.

This paper presents a study on a robust X2 Many researchers have investigated J0 control methods LMI-based damping control scheme for improving the inter-in power systems [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], acknowledging area mode oscillations of power systems. A reduced order the fact that care should be taken in selecting weighting centralised controller is designed for a 16-machine, 5-functions for a proper design procedure. LQG control aparea power system (138th order) model reinforced with a proaches using different FACTS devices have been presented Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) to improve for closed loop identification in [15], [14], and PSSs for small the damping of the critical inter-area modes by employing systems in [16]. Another study, [17], looked at an LQG/LTR appropriate signal measurements. The effectiveness of the design with a TCSC device. However, it has been applied Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) formulation, using pole to a rather small SISO system addressing the LTR problem location constraints, of the problem is illustrated. Robustness from a simulation point of view. to faults and unknown disturbances is guaranteed via the t. L system isIn this paper, a robust X2 / LQ2G colntroller iS designed design procedure. The performance of the designed system within the Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) framework. In assessed in the frequency domain and via appropriate timefact LQG is regarded as special case of a 2 controller. domain simulations based upon the non-linear mnodel under However, we make use of the additional capability to invarious scenarial. corporate multiple objectives in the problem configuration (thanks to the LMI reformulation of the entire controller Keywords: Power systems,inter-aeaoscdesign), e.g. pole-placement constraints and additional upper Matrix Inequalities, X2 control, robust control. bounds on infinity norms of the closed loop functions In addition to robust stabilisation of the considered power

Distributed Energy sources can be connected to the electrical grid using power electronic converters traditionally implemented in silicon insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs) and PiN diodes. However, recently developed SiC technology can improve energy conversion efficiency as well as power density. To investigate the benefits provided by SiC technology, experimentally calibrated SiC MOSFET models have been modeled in multilevel voltage sourced converters (VSCs) to analyze the generated harmonics, converter temperature rise, switching losses and filtering requirements. Models show that converters implemented in SiC MOSFETs operate at 25-75% less temperature compared with silicon IGBTs, potentially simplifying cooling. Also, SiC MOSFETs generate~2% less THD for the same switching frequency and can reduce the switching loss by up to 82% compared to silicon devices.

This paper is based on the advancement of power electronics technology. In this paper, we forced on designing and development of Linear control starter for single-phase induction motor. An induction motor takes a large current while starting so we had to make a starter which will be reduced starting current of an induction motor. In this circuitry, we also gave high voltage and low voltage protection circuitry. In this, we have used a microcontroller with solid state power electronics device i.e. thyristors. The results show that this method can be reduced starting current.

Ajlexible assembly cell is considered to be an essentinl building brick for flexible automation of small to medium sized order-based industries. In order to be able to respond adequately to market changes a production facility that can be reprogrammed or even reconfgured in a very short time is vital. Such a system will have to exhibit some form of intelligent behavior. By intelligent behavior we mean that this system should be able to learn from experience. The experience gained in making subsequent batches of products will be used to increase the efficiency of future batches. Unreliable strategies will be replaced by more reliable ones, actual cost data will make it possible to choose a better plan. This paper will focus on the design of a reference model for planning, control and error management for a flexible assembly cell. Furthermore a parameter set forming the basis of a cost function to evaluate strategies is presented.

Active Power filter (APF) is used to improve the power quality we introduced a series active power filter (SAPF) which resolve the power quality and voltage issues. This paper deals with the series active power filter which eliminates the voltage sag and swell and compensates harmonic current and voltage. Current harmonics are caused by non-linear loads as a rectifier, is connected to the system, it draws a current that is nonsinusoidal. The simulation analysis reduces the harmonic in the output voltage. The proposed filters can improve the distortion of non-linear loads. The non-ideal properties of the voltage source and harmonic currents create voltage distortion. This paper proposed a new circuit configuration for the three-wire series active power filter to eliminate voltage harmonic components. This series APF is made up of two-arm bridge power converter one is filter inductor set and another filter capacitor set and a set of capacitor/resistor filters. One phase of this three ...

Voltage unbalance typically present in three-phase ac supply systems adversely affects power system components, static converters, drive systems, electric machines, etc., connected to the system. This paper describes a method to eliminate this unbalance by means of a voltage compensator connected in series with the supply through transformers. The technique is based on extracting the negative sequence voltage component of the supply and cancelling it in order to obtain balanced voltages. The positive sequence component is then adjusted to achieve voltage regulation. It is shown that the compensation can be achieved with low kilovolt-ampere inverters and that harmonic injection is reduced to a minimum. This paper also includes implementation principles, design equations, and a design example. Simulated and experimental results confirm the theoretical concept and feasibility of the proposed system.

The very rapid growth in user-generated social multimedia content on online platforms is creating new challenges for search technologies. A significant issue for search of this type of content is its highly variable form and quality. This is compounded by the standard information retrieval (IR) problem of mismatch between search queries and target items. Query Expansion (QE) has been shown to be an effect technique to improve IR effectiveness for multiple search tasks. In QE, words from a number of relevant or assumed relevant top ranked documents from an initial search are added to the initial search query to enrich it before carrying out a further search operation. In this work, we investigate the application of QE methods for searching social multimedia content. In particular we focus on social multimedia content where the information is primarily in the audio stream. To address the challenge of content variability, we introduce three speech segment-based methods for QE using: Semantic segmentation, Discourse segmentation and Window-Based. Our experimental investigation illustrates the superiority of these segment-based methods in comparison to a standard full document QE method for a version of the MediaEval 2012 Search task newly extended as an adhoc search task.

2021-06-02 Rev.A.2 Updated VCC PIN NO of SOT-143, and pin 1 position of SOT-143 package. 2021-08-05 Rev.A.3 Added Application Note. 2022-04-26 Rev.A.4 Added note in Order information table 2022-11-10 Rev.A.5 Updated supply current max value @VCC = 5 V is updated to 25μA. The reset threshold min value of T, M and L option are updated. 2023-02-20 Rev.A.6 Updated package thermal information. 2023-11-27 Rev.A.7 Removed application limitation. TPV811/TPV812 Low Voltage Supervisory Circuit with Manual Reset www.3peak.com 3 / 18 GA20230401A7 Low Voltage Supervisory Circuit with Manual Reset www.3peak.com 16 / 18 GA20230401A7 Green: 3PEAK defines "Green" to mean RoHS compatible and free of halogen substances.

The conventional sources of energy are limited which are unable to meet the demand. There is always need of generation of electrical energy worldwide, may be in terms of few kilowatts to hundreds of kilowatts. The power requirement at the domestic level is terms of few kilowatts so there should be a way to meet the electrical demand at domestic level during load shading or fault. A subtitle to this could be a Voltage controlled voltage source inverters (VCVSIs). Now a day, such inverters are widely used in many applications like power supplies, power quality controllers, renewable energy, marine and military to meet the demand. Wherever an ac supply is need from a DC source, such inverters may be used. They are the heart and soul of converting DC into an ac source. Hence, such inverters should be designed so that they are robust and efficient. Inverter models can be design and simulated with software like Matlab Simulink to check suitability of inverter before implementing the hardware. Loads at the domestic level may be linear or non-linear hence a simple approach to design a voltage source inverter using open loop is presented in this paper.

A short circuit is an abnormal connection between two nodes of an electric circuit intended to be at different voltages. This results in an electric current limited only by the Thévenin equivalent resistance of the rest of the network which can cause circuit damage, overheating, fire or explosion. A common type of short circuit occurs when the positive and negative terminals of a battery are connected with a low-resistance conductor, like a wire. With a low resistance in the connection, a high current will flow, causing the delivery of a large amount of energy in a short period of time. A short circuit fault current can, within milliseconds, be thousands of times larger than the normal operating current of the system. Damage from short circuits can be reduced or prevented by employing necessary protecting devices or circuits. Short circuit protection is very important for the work concerned in any field, as there are many chances for small or heavy damage to occur, if protection is not provided. The main object is to design a short circuit protected power supply. Its function is to supply a stable voltage, to a circuit or device that must be operated within certain power supply limits. It must be in operation whenever rewuired, that is at the time of faulty conditions, this circuit will completely isolates the working deivce or ciruit from being damged.

High voltage DC power supplies have been used in a wide range of applications such as Radio Frequency (RF) tube drives, industrial, military, aerospace, medical, and domestic applications. Recently as a result of advances in power electronics and magnetic materials, development of compact high voltage DC power supplies has become an active area of research, and resonant power converters have been introduced as a promising solution, owing to their potential for high efficiency and high power density. Several resonant converter topologies have been investigated to be used as modulators for supplying RF tubes (i.e. Magnetrons, Klystrons, and Traveling Wave Tubes) for various applications. The main aim of this study is to develop a control methodology for maintaining soft switching of a series resonant series loaded (SRSL) power converter based modulator for driving an industrial magnetron with variable load conditions. This thesis considers the design of a high voltage, high frequency, compact power supply for applications where the load is variable and/or nonlinear. One particular application where this is the case is when driving an industrial magnetron with a variable output RF energy requirement. The magnetron appears to the resonant converter as a variable load which can negatively affect the efficiency of the power conversion unless control of the converter is carefully considered. A compact power supply based on the SRSL resonant converter with an extended combined phase and frequency control is proposed. A novel control method based on three dimensional (3D) lookup tables has been developed, in order to control the load resonant converter whilst maintaining soft switching under variable load conditions. A direct quadrature (DQ) based modelling approach is used to develop a suitable model of the converter for control design. Based on the characteristics of the magnetron, an emulator prototype is also V proposed to represent the magnetron load behaviour in a low voltage laboratory environment. A detailed design and implementation procedure is presented, including the hardware design and control of the resonant power converter and the magnetron emulator. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the approach and in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed converter modelling approach and control strategy. A good correlation between simulation and experimental results is obtained.

An advanced evaluation system for experimental high power Super Gate Turn Off Thyristors (SGTOs) with built-in custom data acquisition and characterization electronics was designed and built in a cooperative agreement between engineers at Texas Tech University's Center for Pulsed Power and Power electronics (P 3 E) laboratory and research scientists at Army Research Lab (ARL). The system consist of a Pulse Forming Network (PFN) energized by a rapid capacitor charger, a data acquisition system which records chosen waveforms for each test cycle and a curve tracing module which the test devices are mechanically switched into to record current and voltage characteristics at arbitrary intervals between high power cycles. Testing is completely automated, with all test parameters including charge level, repetition rate, volume, etc. set within a windows based GUI. The evaluation system has successfully recorded changing I-V characteristics before actual physical failure in several devices. Extremely high volume testing has also been carried out with one device having been cycled over 42,000 times at moderate (2.5 kA) conduction levels.

Бурлака, В. В. Метод управления корректором коэффициента мощности с интегрированными функциями активного фильтра / В. В. Бурлака, С. В. Гулаков, С. А. Федоровская // Вісник Приазовського державного технічного університету : зб. наукових праць / ПДТУ. – Маріуполь, 2011. – Вип. 22. – С. 226–231. – (Серія : Технічні науки).Предложен метод управления однофазным корректором коэффициента мощности (ККМ), позволяющий ограниченно интегрировать в него функции параллельного активного фильтра. Особенностями разработанного метода является учет характерных особенностей ККМ: невозможность работы с отрицательной мгновенной активной мощностью и отсутствие датчиков тока нелинейных нагрузок.Запропоновано метод керування однофазним коректором коефіцієнта потужності (ККП), який дозволяє обмежено інтегрувати в нього функції паралельного активного фільтру. Особливостями розробленого методу є врахування особливостей ККП: неможливість роботи з негативною миттєвою активною потужністю та відсутність датчиків ...

The rising cost of material is a matter of concern in this developing construction environment. The prices of building material such as cement, sand, gravel etc. are increasing day by day. The reason for increase in cost is high demand and less availability of material. Nowadays, most of the researchers are doing research on the material which can reduce the cost of construction as well as increase the strength. Research on waste material such as fly ash, rice husk, slag and sludge from treatment of industrial and domestic waste water demolished building material is being done. Use of coconut shell in concrete is not only useful economically but also environmentally useful for human being. Coconut shell is one of the main contributors of pollution problem as a solid waste. Coconut shell used as coarse aggregate in concrete encouraged sustainable and environmentally helpful material in the construction field. Since cement rate increases day per day and its availability is decreasing ...

The paper deals with calculation of power losses and performance of a three-phase, double-cage induction motor fed with nonsinusoidal voltage. Both basic and stray (additional) losses have been discussed. A comparison between the computation and test results for two small double-cage motors have been made assuming sinusoidal, square and PUM waveform of the excitation voltage.

Integration of renewable energy with conventional energy sources is very challenging due to the uncertain nature of renewable energy, which creates imbalance and congestion in the system. Moreover, every market participant/player in deregulated power market wants to achieve the economic benefits within critical system constraints like congestion. Therefore, this paper presents a simple, efficient and reliable two-step optimization strategy to solve the congestion problem along with maximization of system profit, minimization of system generation cost, congestion cost and emission by optimal placement & numbers of Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) along with wind generators in a deregulated power market. Two new indices i.e. 'Congestion Detection Index (CDI)' and 'Index of Total Congestion Cost (ITCC)' have been proposed towards faster identification and reduction of system congestion effectively. The pool & bilateral deregulated market model has been considered for this study. The maximum system profit has been considerably achieved after optimal placement of wind generator and TCSC(s) in the system. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been analyzed and tested in modified IEEE 14 bus and modified IEEE 118 bus test system. The proposed approach has been compared with the existing related approach for congestion mitigation, and better results have been achieved from the proposed approach.

Dust emissions must be managed and reduced as much as possible to safeguard the environment and human health. Plate-type electrostatic precipitators have been used to decrease pollution in a number of sectors, particularly for applications needing massive volumes of gas to be dedusted at high dust concentrations and temperatures. This paper examines large-capacity plate-type electrostatic precipitators with three sections used in a coal-fired thermal power plant. Using simulations and experiments, the collection efficiency (in different ways of supplying sections, without and with sections rapping), the influence of dust resistivity and a dust layer on the surfaces of collection electrodes, the electrical parameters (voltage, current density, and space charge density) for the sections of the electrostatic precipitators, and the electrical parameters of the power sources (voltage, current, power, and power factor) are studied. A higher dust resistivity will cause a change in the shap...

On this paper we present an alternative way to analyze de electronic properties of each subcell from the complete device. By illuminating the cell with light sources which energy is near one of the subcell bandgaps, it is possible to "erase" the presence of such subcell on the CV curve. The main advantages of this technique are that it is not destructive, it can be measured on the complete cell so can be easily implemented as a diagnostic technique for controlling electronic deviations.

An innovative method for reducing current distortion on the ac side of 12-pulse series-connected linecommutated ac/dc rectifiers is presented. Furthermore, the overlap conduction of thyristors is completely eliminated. The methodology involves an accurate shaping of the dc current by using two self-commutated switches (IGBTs). This dc-current shaping is reflected back into the shaping of the ac input currents, which become pure sine waves. Both rectifying and inverting operations are possible with a simple control circuit, which is able to deal with both rapid load variations and failures in the self-commutated switches. HVdc applications of this innovative method are briefly examined, together with experimental results showing both the steady state and the transient behaviour of the technology by using a 380 V 20 kVA 50 Hz laboratory prototype.

package called Visual Designer. It did not require any text-based programming for tasks such as interfacing, digital-to-analog conversion, and outputting the discrete analog values of the generated waveform under hardware control. For demonstrating the operation of the digital simulator, a computer relay was also developed in the laboratory and its performance limits were determined.

Tristor ve triyaklar yuksek delinme gerilimleri ve yuksek cikis akimlarina sahip olduklarindan, anahtar ve kontrolcu olarak kullanmak icin son derece uygundurlar. Bu yuzden endustride, geleneksel olarak yuksek guclu enerji donusumleri ve sistem kontrolu icin sikca kullanilmaktadir. Gunumuzde guc elektronigi devrelerinin simulasyonu icin bir cok program gelistirilmistir. Bunlardan bir cogu profesyonel amaclidir. Bu calismada, farkli yuk ve tetikleme acisina sahip olan tristor ve triyaka ait tum degiskenleri tespit etmek icin egitim amacli bir yazilim paketi gelistirilmistir. Bu yazilim profesyonel amacli da kullanilabilir.Gelistirilen bu yazilim paketinin yardimi ile, yuke ait tum degiskenler (akimlar, gerilimler, guc, enerji, harmonikler, THD, transfer karakteristigi, vb.) sayisal ve/veya grafiksel olarak goruntulenebilir.

Due to complexity in the power system there is always a loss of the stability due to the fault. Whenever a fault is intercepted in system, the whole system goes to severe transients. These transients cause oscillation in phase angle which leads poor power quality. The nature of oscillation is increasing instead being sustained, which leads system failure in form of generator damage. To reduce and eliminate the unstable oscillations one needs to use a stabilizer which can generate a perfect compensatory signal in order to minimize the harmonics generated due to instability. This paper presents a Power System stabilizer to reduce oscillations due to small signal disturbance. Additionally, a hybrid approach is proposed using FOPID stabilizer with the PSS connected SMIB. Cuckoo Search (CS) Optimized Differential Evaluation (DE) approach is used for the parameter tuning of the stabilizer. The efficiency of proposed approach is observed by rotor angle and power angle deviations in the SMIB system.

Object recognition from images is traditionally based on a large training set of previously annotated images which is impractical for some applications. Also, most methods use only local or global features. Due to the nature of objects some features are better suited for some objects, so researchers have recently combined both types of features to improve the recognition performance. This approach, however, is not sufficient for the recognition of generic objects which can take a wide variety of appearances. In this paper, we propose a novel object recognition system that: (i) uses a small set of images obtained from the Web, (ii) induces a set of models for each object to deal with polymorphism, and (iii) optimizes the contribution of local and global features to deal with different types of objects. We performed tests with both generic and specific objects, and compared the proposed approach against base classifiers and state-of-the-art systems with very promising results.

This document is the author's post-print version, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer-review process. Some differences between the published version and this version may remain and you are advised to consult the published version if you wish to cite from it.

In this article, we review the progress made recently for further developing the Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) device concept for high-power electronics applications. A wide range of newly introduced IGCT technologies is discussed and recent prototype experimental results as well as novel structures and future trends of the IGCT technology are presented. The IGCT has been established as the device of choice for many high power applications such as medium voltage drives, STATCOMs, and pumped hydro [1, 2]. Today, IGCTs have been optimized for current source inverter (CSI) and voltage source inverter (VSI) applications with state-of-the-art devices having voltage ratings ranging from 4.5kV up to 6.5kV and are today available as Asymmetric, Symmetric (Reverse Blocking), and Reverse Conducting devices (see Fig. 1).

The Integrated Gate Commutated Thyristor (IGCT) is a high power semiconductor device with hard switching turn-off capability and thyristor-like conduction. Hence IGCTs can be optimized for lowest conduction losses. Today however, IGCTs have voltage ratings ranging from 4.5kV up to 6.5kV and are optimized normally for state-of-the-art two to five level inverters, which are usually operating at relatively high switching frequencies. With the recent trend towards employing multi-level topologies in many power electronics applications, efforts are being made to develop devices towards lower conduction losses and lower voltage ratings for operating efficiently at lower switching frequencies with higher power capabilities. Therefore, in this paper, we demonstrate by simulation and experiment the feasibility of designing 3.3kV Reverse Conducting (RC)-IGCTs with very low conduction losses for multi-level topologies.

A Asymmetrical Double-trench SiC MOSFETs are discussed in terms of the reverse recovery characteristics and its impact on the avalanche ruggedness of the device, based on different failure mechanisms. The experimental measurements are performed at a wide range of switching rates and temperatures ranging from 25°C to 175°C. Two different experimental test circuits are used for the double pulse measurements of the body diode and the unclamped inductor switching experiments. The DC link voltage in UIS tests have been increased step by step till the failure of the devices. The measurements indicate that the SiC planar MOSFET has the largest reverse recovery charge among the SiC devices, only seconded to the significant reverse recovery charge of the Silicon Superjunction device. The measurements of the avalanche ruggedness indicate that the Symmetrical doubletrench SiC MOSFET is more rugged compared to other device at room temperature while the Asymmetrical double-trench SiC MOSFET is more rugged at high temperatures.

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Ada beberapa metode dan teknik pengolahan air limbah yang telah diperkenalkan menggunakan proses biologi, kimia, dan fisik. Namun, ditemukan bahwa ada beberapa kekurangan dalam metode dan dan teknik yang tersedia saat ini. Misalnya, penerapan klorin dapat menyebabkan desinfeksi bakteri tetapi menghasilkan desinfeksi karsinogenik sekunder yang berbahaya. Dalam rangka memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik dalam proses pengolahan air limbah, dilakukan sebuah studi sistem pengolahan air limbah dan reaktor discharge hybrid untuk memperoleh corona fasa cair pada gas. Selain eksperimen laboratorium, dilakukan juga perancangan dan pengembangan rangkaian daya pulsa Blumlein dan modifikasi reaktor untuk pengolahan air limbah. Rangkaian daya pulsa Blumlein ini membangkitkan pulsa tegangan tinggi nanodetik. Reaktor discharge hybrid ini dapat menghasilkan pelepasan percikan pada fasa gas maupun cair. Analisis spektrum emisi pada terjadinya pelepasan ditemukan adanya berbagai bahan kimia seperti radikal OH. Selain itu, peningkatan drastis dalam hal kandungan oksigen dan tingkat konduktivitas sampel air limbah.

This paper presents a fast CAD model to calculate plasma-spreading velocity in large area thyristors. The model is based on the two-dimensional two-transistor circuit model of a thyristor. At first, a simplified numerical solution of the semiconductor equations is developed to obtain the current amplification factor and the base transit time of each transistor of the thyristor model as a function of the emitter current density. The turn-on recurrence relations governing the evolution of the anode current at different lateral points are then derived by the transit function method. The time constant of the anode current rise and the plasma spreading velocity are calculated as functions of the anode current density. The results of simulation are in close agreement with the corresponding measured values of plasma spreading velocity by the electrical probes method. This agreement confirms the validity of our model over a large scale of anode current densities.

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This article presents a comparative study through analyses regarding a number of power electronics devices. Power Electronic devices have innovative contribution to control the electrical power operations with a degree of precision. The GTO normally are not equipped with amplifying gates. The Asymmetric GTOs are inherently equipped with fast recovery diodes across each GTO, for reverse operations based on the that reverse voltage capability is not required for GTOs operations. This also provide techno economic benefits high voltage, voltage drop and current ratings capability. It can sustain against, short and long-time overcurrent. Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiono analize porównawczą różnych elementów elektronicznych stosowanych w energoelektronice. Analizowano także wpływ właściwości tych elementów na prtacę urządzeń energetyki, takich jak np. sterowniki wysokonapięciowe FACTS. Analiza wpływu właściwości elementów elektronicznych na pracę układów energoelektroniki, takich ja...

The Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) concept is a modern energy conversion structure that stands out for a number of interesting features that opens wide application chances in Power Systems, for example for efficient grid integration of renewable sources. In these high-voltage, high-power application fields, a high efficiency is mandatory. In this regard, an interesting and promising development opportunity could be to make soft-switching the elementary converters of the submodules (cells), half H-bridges or full H-bridges, obtaining at the same time the advantage of increasing the switching frequency. The ARCP or the AQRDCL soft-switching topologies appear adequate for this purpose. This paper is dedicated to examining these development possibilities

Absiracf-This paper introduces a fuzzy controller of the rectifier side in high voltage direct current (HVDC) system. ifier side of the typical point-to-point system has ideration.. In the rectifier, thyristors are used as ces that can han of problem and are very sensitive. Especially. in changing voltagd and frequency. these problems are appeared itself. Therefore. de current of the rectifier output becomes unstable. Also, device dissipation, transmission losses and effects of environments cause increasing of these problems. In this study, a fuzzy controller is designed to solve these problems. Finally. a comparative study has been performed with and without fuzzy controi.

This paper presents a fast CAD model to calculate plasma-spreading velocity in large area thyristors. The model is based on the two-dimensional two-transistor circuit model of a thyristor. At first, a simplified numerical solution of the semiconductor equations is developed to obtain the current amplification factor and the base transit time of each transistor of the thyristor model as a function of the emitter current density. The turn-on recurrence relations governing the evolution of the anode current at different lateral points are then derived by the transit function method. The time constant of the anode current rise and the plasma spreading velocity are calculated as functions of the anode current density. The results of simulation are in close agreement with the corresponding measured values of plasma spreading velocity by the electrical probes method. This agreement confirms the validity of our model over a large scale of anode current densities.

The paper proposes and then demonstrates the viability of high frequency ac W A C) for propulsion power distribution system in the next generation advanced electridhybrid vehicle. h justifying this viability, the HFAC system has been studied thoroughly and compared with the traditional dc distribution system with regard to cost, weight, performance and other capabilities after performing component sizing calculation of both the systems. The superior features of HFAC system are highlighted, and its possible drawbacks are mentioned. The dc, resonant link dc and HFAC (single-phase and polyphase) distribution systems have been discussed. The single phase HFAC system is shown to be superior to the others. A preliminary modelling, control strategy development and computer simulation study validate the feasibility of HFAC for propulsion power distribution system.

Розроблена еквівалентна теплова схема, на базі якої складена система рівнянь теплового балансу частотно-керованого асинхронного двигуна. За допомогою системи рівнянь розраховані і експериментально підтверджені температури обмоток і осердь статора і ротора асинхронного двигуна АИР 90В2. Встановлено залежність температури найбільш нагрітих вузлів машини від величини навантаження при різних формах напруги живлення. Разработана эквивалентная тепловая схема, на базе которой составлена система уравнений теплового баланса частотноуправляемого асинхронного двигателя. С помощью системы уравнений рассчитаны и экспериментально подтверждены температуры обмоток и сердечников статора и ротора асинхронного двигателя АИР 90В2. Установлена зависимость температуры наиболее нагретых узлов машины от величины нагрузки при разных формах питающего напряжения. Study of frequency-controlled asynchronous motor units temperature versus load and power supply type. An equivalent thermal circuit is developed to form the basis of a system of heat-balance equations for a frequency-controlled induction motor. With the system of equations, temperatures of АИР 90В2 induction motor stator and rotor windings and cores are calculated and experimentally confirmed. The load dependence of the machine most heated units temperature at different forms of the supply voltage is revealed.

We investigated a methodology to design light-triggered thyristors thanks to TCAD. The simulation model accuracy, especially the holding current and the minimum incident light intensity to turn-on, were compared with experimental results. The influence of SiC epitaxial layer lifetime and the incident light properties (wavelength and intensity) on the optically triggered 4H-SiC thyristor characteristics have been studied by simulation. We considered the wavelength dependency of quantum efficiency, penetration depth and photon energy. The holding current and turn-on time depends on the lifetime. The minimum intensity to turn-on the device significantly depends on the wavelength. This intensity becomes less than 0.003 times when the wavelength changed from 380 nm to 325 nm. In addition, the breakover voltage is affected by the constant incident light even if the intensity is tiny.

A summary is given of progress to date on work proposed in 1983 and continued in 1985, including design iterations on three different types of manually powered prehensors, construction of functional mockups of each and culminating in detailed drawings and specifications for suit-compatible sealed units for testing under realistic conditions.