Stenting

Plant propagation from cuttings, adventitious root formation, is the most important use of rooting hormones. There are several other ways that these substances can be effectively used including grafting & stenting, layering, and improved transplanting using Hortus and Rhizopon plant rooting hormones. Article includes a case study of rose propagation.

Use Rooting Hormones, or Not? Multiple Applications May Be Best
Plant growers know when propagating plants from cuttings, rooting hormones are essential to produce quality roots. The question may come up, if one rooting hormone application is good, are two or more applications better? Plant propagation from cuttings can be performed using rooting hormones by either basal or foliar methods. Basal methods use either dry power rooting hormones or rooting solutions. Foliar methods use aqueous IBA (K-IBA) rooting solutions on leafy cuttings in the growing state. Traditionally these methods have been used by one application. Improving single rooting hormone application, secondary foliar applications may enhance the rooting of slow-to-root cuttings, and may level crops that have difference in growth. The first rooting hormone application, at time of sticking, may be performed by any foliar or basal method. Secondary applications are performed by spraying on leaves by the Spray Drip Down Method. Secondary applications are used on cuttings already in media; subsequent sprays do not disturb the cuttings. Secondary applications have been successful at ten days or two weeks after the first application. Also successful are three day applications in sequence directly after sticking.

Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts 1 . The incidence is rare with about 1000 cases per year in the UK; however, the incidence is rising 2 .These tumours progress insidiously, with liver failure, biliary sepsis, malnutrition and cachexia as the usual modes of death 3 . Cholangiocarcinoma is usually detected at an advanced stage, by which time management is palliative. The median survival rate is approximately four months without treatment 4 and twelve months if treated aggressively 5 . Case report: A 46 year old Caucasian female presented with obstructive jaundice and pruritus in March 2009. She was diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma and had full interventional stenting. Despite this, four weeks later she developed biliary sepsis resulting in multi-organ failure and admission to ITU. However, the Oncology team intervened and instigated an aggressive chemotherapy regime with 8 cycles of gemcitabine and carboplatin. The patient responded well and for the next year had an excellent quality of life. After 1 year the original stent was no longer compliable and the patient once again developed obstructive jaundice and had to be re-stented. The patient was re-stented 10 times until she died in May 2011. Discussion: Controversies exist regarding the appropriate workup and choice of management approach. Aggressive treatment may improve patient survival and a better stent would improve quality of life. Conclusion: Aggressive treatment with chemotherapy and stenting can dramatically increase survival time and improve quality of life in patients and should be considered in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.