Steel Bracing

ndia  is  a  developing  country  and  has  developed  in  every  sense  since  its  independence.  The  most  important  are  the infrastructural  development  which  is  to  be  provided  in order  to  generate  an  efficient  way  to  work.  Infrastructure  has  become very  important  in  today’s  era,  since  it  has  been  the  key  factor  in  the  growth  of  a  country,  be  it  in  information  technology, logistics  or  any  other  senses.  The  presence  of  high  rise  buildings  in  a  country  displays  its  economic  strength.  The  structure  is subjected to  different  types  of loading mainly gravity loads  and  horizontal  loads. The  gravity  loads  acting vertically  downwards which  includes  dead  load  of  the  structure  and  live  load.  The  Horizontal  loads  are  acting  parallel  to  ground  surface  either  in transverse direction or in lateral direction which includes loads due to Earthquake, wind loads etc

One of the lateral load opposing frameworks in multi-storey structures is Steel brace frame. The resistance of the structure which enhances against horizontal forces by expanding its stiffness and stability is Steel bracing system in RC multi-storey building is conservative, simple to set up, involve less space and give obliged quality and inflexibility. Flat slab reinforced buildings have exhibit many dominances over conventional type of beam column building. However, the effectiveness of structure in flat slab construction is inferior in performance under earthquake loading. Flat slab requires the simple formwork which usually result in an economical construction. In present study, a G+9 storey building is analysed for seismic zone IV as per IS 1893: 2002 using ETABS software. Flat slab is used by providing drop panels and peripheral beam. For all models parameters are kept constant. The effect of the distribution of the steel bracing along with the flat slab RC frame on the seismic performance of the building is studied. The performance of the building is evaluated in terms of storey displacement, storey shear, story drifts and slab stresses. The percentage reduction in lateral displacement along X direction is tabulated. By providing drop panels the slab stress is reduced on structure compared to RC bare frame. Hence it is concluded that the use of steel bracing with flat slab in construction resists the lateral forces for many vulnerable conditions.

The earthquake on 30 September 2009with7,6 magnitude occurred in West Sumatera and it caused the damage to both physical public facilities and infrastructures. The education sectors suffered from structural damage to the school buildings. In order to establish of the new Indonesian Seismic Code, S 1726-2012, it will affect to the performance of structures which was built before the establishment of the new seismic code, in which the building may not be adequate to with stand the working loads. study, the performance and structural stren two-story RC school building (SMAN3 Batusangkar) designed using previous seismic code (SNI03 2002) and it was constructed before2009, was evaluated based on the new seismic code. of evaluation on the SMAN3 Batusangkar shows that the building cannot resist the working loads applied to the structure, especially the earthquake loads, so the building structure needs to be retrofitted. Two retro fitted methods of the were proposed in this study, they are using shear wa and steel bracing systems, which installed building frame with different locations. The addition of shear wall and steel bracing are very effective in strengthening the building structure, where the load bearing capacity of the structure significantly and the building is able to working loads.

Effectiveness of strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings by steel bracing is investigated. In this respect, strengthening techniques for low-rise RC framed buildings are comparatively described. Advantageous and disadvantageous features of strengthening procedure by steel bracing are discussed. The effect of bracing and shear connection types on the horizontal stiffness of strengthened RC buildings is evaluated. Finally, numerical results of an example building are presented and some principles given in well-known earthquake codes are interpreted.