Sports Administration

Administration of Physical Education and Sport Programs, Fifth Edition offers an overview of the theoretical and practical methods and techniques of the administration of physical education and sport programs in an easy-to-read, easy-to-use presentation. With a strong background in history, Administration of Physical Education and Sport Programs, Fifth Edition encompasses actual themes and developments in management and administration while investigating the future of athletic administration. Special emphasis is placed on diversity, ethics, standards, conflict resolution, and transparency needs in all organizations. Each chapter begins with a case study and contains attractive end-of-chapter workouts. Critical thinking scenarios strengthen key terms and theories. From the basics of management and administration to more topic-specific chapters discussing public relations, communications, law, and financial planning and budget restrictions, the text covers everything students need for administration courses.

The rapid increase in the number of events and the growing awareness of Beach Handball is expected in the
next years. The World Games flavour make a definitive contribution to boosting Beach Handball in terms of audiences, participants, media and partners’ interest. The IHF Development Plan has helped the sport to
progress from a basic level to highly competitive competitions and, ultimately, to one of its most successful
activities, thus allowing effective product integration and developing a compelling lifestyle. As this growth
continues over the next years IHF will further boost the sport. To support this growth, it was apparent that was needed to develop and implement a very detailed and at the same time “user friendly” system to smoothly run all the events scheduled during this critical period of Beach Handball history.
The book is designed to assist in staging, promoting, and marketing all Beach Handball events, focusing on the Men’s and Women’s World Championships as well as the World Games. It reflects all the latest decisions made by all the relevant sections and working groups in the IHF to better shape the future of the sport. The book aims to help all parties concerned in order to produce successful marketing, television and financial plans. It also provides a valuable resource, highlighting the conditions required to conduct an IHF-calibre event.

The higher education sector increasingly uses social media as an educational tool to develop a sense of community and foster student engagement, particularly as social networking sites have become an integral part of the lives of digital natives. The current study sought to explore whether the use of Twitter could foster student engagement in a sport marketing course, specifically by embedding Twitter through two assessments, online lectures and weekly tasks. Mean score comparisons indicated that over a 13-week semester, students (N = 68) felt more engaged and included in the course because it had Twitter, found Twitter to be relatively easy to use, and the use of social media aligned with course objectives. The results of the current study have salience in sport management education, because the effective use of Twitter within a higher education context demonstrates how the use of social media can foster engagement with course materials.

Abstract
This study review the impact of sport administration in relation to legal inability on how athletes should be handled, therefore administrators perform a role which is generally known to be indispensable in any modern sports community. They contribute to development of human resources and national development. It is therefore necessary that such a person should be adequately informed in matters affecting the sporting community as the case of a sports administrator. The content of this paper was drawn from available data and literature, and from the experiences of partner experts in the field of law and sports. This paper seeks to help sports administrators know their duties and rights under the purview of existing laws in this growing industry called sports.

The aim of this paper is to throw light on and clear misgivings about the League Management Company and the league governance model it operates in the Nigeria Professional Football League (NPFL). In the light of the assertion by football club chairmen in Nigeria that they own the league in which they participate, the paper analyzes the question as to the ownership of association football. The paper then goes on to analyze different types of league governance models operating in different countries such as England, Germany, USA, Australia and the UAE, before delving into the specific model operated by the League Management Company.

ABSTRACT The electronic sports, or eSports, industry has grown into a multi-million dollar industry. The significant growth of eSports can be seen far beyond the participation numbers and spans from eSports’ events being hosted in major arenas and televised on ESPN. Most recently eSports were added to intercollegiate athletic departments. Though eSports has gained a lot of momentum economically and in popularity, academic research and study in the area of eSports is still in its infancy. This paper presents: (1) a brief history of eSports, (2) a further developed definition of eSports, (3) eSports size and market scope, (4) and provides an overview of eSports in intercollegiate athletics to date. The main goals of this paper are to create awareness around the economic growth of eSports and shed light on the potential positive implications of adding eSports to intercollegiate athletic departments. Boosting participation numbers, revenue generation, and creating diversity within an athletic department are all considered in this paper.

Abstract
The study urns undertaken to ascertain the influence of school-community relations on public secondary schools' sports administration in Rivers State. Principals and PTA chairmen compromised the entire population of study. Total samples of 200 respondents mere drawn using simple random sampling method. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire tagged, "Community Relations and Secondary School Sports Administration questionnaire” (CRSSAQ). The instrument was validated using face and content validity and the reliability of the instrument was determined using a test-re-test method. Two research questions were raised and two null hypotheses formulated. Mean (x) and standard deviation (SD) were used to answer the research questions while, hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using z-test. The findings from the study revealed a significant influence of school community relations on teachers' work behavior, sports students' academic performance. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made among which is; that active school community relations should be encouraged in public secondary school sports as the school is a sub-sect of a community.

Keywords: Community relations, sports administration, school-community relations, school administration,

This study seeks to find an answer to this question: which one can be a successful model in sports in India: Planned Approach or a Spontaneous Order?’ The study explains that planned sporting activities in India have not led to any significant achievements for the country in competitive sporting events. In other words, government spending on sports has failed to generate substantial returns in terms of producing competitive athletes or good sports facilities to promote them.

Executive Summary

Freedom and financial independence from the state are decisive in improving sports in India. The federal government is a facilitator of sports development in the country. However, it has been observed that in recent times cronyism is a constant phenomenon in sports associations/councils. In the most glaring case, India was banned from....

The purpose of this study was to explore the major concerns and challenges in preparedness and implementation of risk management strategies at marathon running events in the United States. Marathons are considered open access sporting events and are susceptible to various risks, both natural and man-made. Identifying critical concerns and challenges in managing risk may aid race organizers in future planning and implementation of risk management strategies. The participants of this study (n = 40) were seasoned practitioners with over half possessing 20 plus years of experience. Results indicated that 93% of the participants experienced an increase in risk management planning actions since the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombing incident, although over a third indicated they are not satisfied with their current level of risk management preparedness. In addition, more than 50% of respondents reported concern with the following risks: inclement weather; bomb threat; crowd control; medical iss...

Abstract
This study investigated athletes’ perception and administrative indices towards coaching effectiveness in Rivers state sports council. The study was guided by three, research questions and  three null hypotheses which are in line with 8 objectives. The study adopted descriptive research design and sampled 180 sports specialists (athletes, coaches and administrators using accidental sampling technique. A validated self-structured questionnaire titled athletes' perception/administrative indices and coaching effectiveness questionnaire (APAICEQ) was used
for data collection. The instrument was validated by two psychometricians. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using test-retest and Pearson Product Moment correlation statistics which yielded correlation coefficient of 0.84. Simple percentage, mean, standard deviation, rank order, Z-test and one -way ANOVA were utilized to analyse the research questions and hypothesis. It was found that athletes' perception of coaches ’ expertise, and experience, motivation strategies, leadership skills and funding, availability of facilities/equipment, administrative policy and organizational support influence coaching effectiveness. In line with findings of the study, it was concluded that athletes' perceptions and administrative indices has
significant influence on coaching effectiveness. It was recommended among others that: Administrators should incorporate coaches into the decision making process as this was discovered to improve coaching effectiveness.

Keywords: Athletes Perception, Administrative Indices, Coaching, Effectiveness

The purpose of this study was to explore the major concerns and challenges in preparedness and implementation of risk management strategies at marathon running events in the United States. Marathons are considered open access sporting events and are susceptible to various risks, both natural and man-made. Identifying critical concerns and challenges in managing risk may aid race organizers in future planning and implementation of risk management strategies. The participants of this study (n = 40) were seasoned practitioners with over half possessing 20 plus years of experience. Results indicated that 93% of the participants experienced an increase in risk management planning actions since the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombing incident, although over a third indicated they are not satisfied with their current level of risk management preparedness. In addition, more than 50% of respondents reported concern with the following risks: inclement weather; bomb threat; crowd control; medical issues; active shooter; logistical failure; and emergency response time. Furthermore, the major challenges cited by these participants concerning developing and implementing risk management strategies at race events included: interagency communication, staff/volunteer recruitment and training, knowledge of jurisdictional responsibilities, finances, course logistics/equipment, and balancing the public safety with a race friendly environment. Implications discussed in this paper will aid other stakeholders in planning and implementing risk management strategies within similar events.

Quantifying the potential market of sports licenses is key in order for National Governing Bodies of sport (NGBs) to be able to design good strategic planning. We compared the classical methods of univariate prediction and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) methods. Reliability of the available data was verified with the Time Series Regression with ARIMA Noise, Missing and Outliers (TRAMO) method, and the existence of a trend was verified using Daniel's test. For the purposes of this study-the researches collected and analysed secondary data from a 40-year series in 45 sports in Spain covering a very long period of time in a variety of sport disciplines. The study shows that, with the available data, short-and mid-term forecasting is possible in a number of sports, but not in all of them. It also proves that Holt's classical method of exponential smoothing is the one that yields best results. Golf, Basketball, Athletics and Hunting NGB show worrying prospects of decline levels and need an immediate change in the strategic plans. Other than for forecasting the evolution of athletes in the mid-term in order to improve strategic planning in NGBs, the present findings can be useful for public authorities to define their aid policies for NGBs, and they can also help companies in the industry to anticipate market developments.

Sports governing bodies thrive on self-regulation. Despite the socio-economic boom, calls for increased public scrutiny and the growing government interest in harnessing the social, economic and political potentials inherent in sports, sports administrators have jealously guarded their sphere of self-regulation with success. In Nigeria, the Freedom of Information Act, passed in 2011, guarantees the right of any individual to freedom of information as well as creates corresponding obligations on what it defines as 'public institutions'. This article outlines the Freedom of Information Act, analyses whether it applies to sports governing bodies, and then examines its possible effects on sports self regulation.

The purpose of this study was to explore the major concerns and challenges in preparedness and implementation of risk management strategies at marathon running events in the United States. Marathons are considered open access sporting events and are susceptible to various risks, both natural and man-made. Identifying critical concerns and challenges in managing risk may aid race organizers in future planning and implementation of risk management strategies. The participants of this study (n = 40) were seasoned practitioners with over half possessing 20 plus years of experience. Results indicated that 93% of the participants experienced an increase in risk management planning actions since the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombing incident, although over a third indicated they are not satisfied with their current level of risk management preparedness. In addition, more than 50% of respondents reported concern with the following risks: inclement weather; bomb threat; crowd control; medical iss...

This research was conducted to examine the relationships between physical education and sports teachers and their colleagues, the support of the school administration to them and the level of job satisfaction they feel about their profession in terms of gender variation. The sample of the research, done by using the general survey model, constituted of a total of 108 teachers, 79 males and 29 females, working in the central district of Malatya province and selected randomly. The scales of colleague relations, school administration support and job satisfaction components were used as data collection tools in the research. Based on the answers given to the scale by the teachers in the sample, it was determined that the general arithmetic mean of the scales was moderate level in terms of the positive scores of the components from all the gender groups. According to the arithmetic scores, it was determined that female teachers felt more positive colleague-school administration support and job satisfaction perception compared to male teachers according to the variables of marital and education status and working time. In addition, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between male teachers' education and marital status and working time variables and arithmetic scores of the components. For female teachers, it was found that married female teachers had a significant difference in the school administration support, single teachers in job satisfaction, and there was no significant difference in other variables and components.