Sorbents

Polyurethane containing macroheterocyclic fragments in the main chain as fungicide materials and polymeric sorbing agents and process for the preparation thereof

Saveliev Yurii Vasyliovych, Hrekov Anatolii Petrovych, Veselov Vitalii Yakovych, Akhranovych Olena Rudolfivna

Формула / Реферат

1. Полиуретаны, содержащие макрогетероциклические фрагменты в основной цепи полиме­ра, общей формулы

R4- [-OCHN-R1-CONH-R2-NHCOO-R3-OCONH-R2--NHCO-]y-R4          (І)

m = 1,2; 1-0,1.

в качестве фунгицидных материалов и полимер­ных сорбентов.

2. Способ получения полиуретанов формулы 1, отличающийся тем, что форполимер с концевыми изоцианатными группами подвергают взаимодей­ствию в растворе диметилформамида с удлините­лем макроцепи, при этом в качестве удлинителя макроцепи используют дигидразиды карбоновых кислот и дигидразиды дисульфонилдибензо-18(24)-краун-6(8) формулы (II).

m -1,2.

3. Способ по п. 2, отличающийся тем, что дигидра­зиды карбоновых кислот и дигидразиды дисульфо-нилдибензо -18(24) -краун- 6(8) берут в соотноше­нии (0,05-1,0): 1,0.

4. Способ по п. 2, отличающийся тем, что дигидра­зиды карбоновых кислот,и дигидразиды дисульфонилдибензо -18 (24) – краун -6 (8) берут в соотношении (0,4-1,1):1,0, с блокированием концевых изоцианатных групп гидразидами моносульфониддиоензо-15(18) краун-5(6) формулы (III).

1 - 0,1.

5. Способ по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что взаимо­действие форполимера с удлинителем цепи прово­дят при температуре от комнатной до 60°С с последующей выдержкой при 60°С в течение 2 ча­сов по окончании синтеза полимеров.

Rozlewy substancji ropopochodnych likwiduje si poprzez zebranie oleju ze rodowiska. Zadanie to spe niaj metody mechaniczne, w których za pomoc specjalnie skonstruowanych urz dze zbiera si rozlany olej z mieszanin wodno-olejow z powierzchni wody czy gruntu, lub materia y poch aniaj ce nazywane sorbentami. Celem bada by o pokazanie ró nic pomi dzy charakterystycznymi cechami wybranych sorbentów mineralnych, dost pnych na polskim rynku. Sorbenty wybrane do bada ró ni y si mi dzy sob sk adem chemicznym i wielko ci ziarna. Wykonano obserwacje przy u yciu mikroskopu, które pozwoli y na ocen mikrostruktury i porowato ci poszczególnych próbek. Wykonano badania zdolno ci poch aniania oleju badanych sorbentów.

Banana peel which consider as fruit waste has been tested for the removal of total sulfide from spring water in Heet area, Iraq. The chemical composition of peels was investigated. The results show that the composition consists of Sodium ,Potassium, Calcium ,Manganese and Phosphate and concentrations of these contents were 18.2mg/g, 62mg/g,15.4mg/g ,48mg/g and 0.37 mg/g , respectively. The alkalinity of peels was 5.2 mg/g and the moisture content was 5.8 % . The treatment efficiency was studied as a function of the retention time and concentration of sulfide ion .The maximum sorption for sulfide was found to be 97% and it was nearly effective as activated carbon. As a result of the removal process , the concentrations of some common anions ,cations and heavy metals (Mg+2,Ca+2,Na+,So4-2,cl-Po4-2, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn) decreased ,the concentrations of K+ and Mn increased . Increasing of concentrations of K+ and Mn is attributed to their high content in the banana peels. A slight increase in pH of the treated water (6.5 -7.5). This study revealed that the treatment of water using the banana peel is most effective for removal of hydrogen sulfide from sulfur spring water.

El presente trabajo trata de las características mineralógicas y físicoquímicas de los materiales calcáreos y minerales de arcillas que pueden ser utilizados como sorbentes en procesos industriales. Ese trabajo da continuidad a un estudio previo de caracterización de los calcáreos brasileños, calcíticos y dolomíticos, y de minerales de arcillas considerados más adecuados al empleo en esa tecnología, debido a las características estructurales que poseen. Fueron seleccionados un calcáreo dolomítico proveniente de São Paulo, Sureste de Brasil y un arcilomineral (vermiculita), originario de Piauí, noroeeste del país. Consta del estudio una serie de ensayos de caracterización de los materiales, los cuales serán sometidos a ensayos de retención de SO 2 y de elementos potencialmente contaminantes asociados a las emisiones ácidas. Fue estudiado, en escala de bancada, la influencia de la temperatura de operación (750-850°C) y de la granulometría del sorbente (0,3 -0,8mm) y la adsorción de SO 2 y elementos metálicos volátiles.

Abstract Many researchers focused their study to find sorbents that are cost-effective for textile dye removal. Mineral materials such as bentonite, bleaching earth and bauxite have been studied for dye removal from textile wastewater. Recently some researches showed that organo-bentonite is an efficient textile dye sorbent. The aim of this study was determination of sorption capacity of organo-bentonite and comparison with ordinary bentonite for removal of a textile dye from water. Natural bentonite clay was modified using cationic surfactant Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB).

— The feasibility of using alternative and commercial sorbents for dry washing biodiesel was quantitatively examined. Rice husk ash (RHA) and Amberlite showed similar performance and their applications in adsorbing glycerol were determined by response surface methodology. A 2 2 face centered composite design was employed to analyze the combined effect of sorbent concentration and temperature on glycerol removal. The statistical analysis indicated that levels of 2.1% (RHA) and 3.7% (Amberlite) at 30 ºC maximized the glycerol removal with minimum loss of adsorbate. Under optimal conditions, the sorbents were used for purifying ethyl biodiesel samples from palm kernel oil. Both sorbents were quite efficient in removing glycerol, providing samples containing glycerol values lower than 0.01% that meet the required standard to be used as a fuel. The high quality of the purified samples was also demonstrated by the ethyl esters contents (> 98.0%), viscosity (< 4.0 mm 2 s-1) and density ( 867 kg m-3) values. Rice husk ash was also able to remove monoacylglycerols and diacylglycerols, thus its structure, composition and adsorption kinetics were further assessed to better understand its property as sorbent

Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) is a popular wood preservative applied to wood products to prevent environmental decay during outdoor use and hence has been predominant in the disposal sector in recent years. Estimates suggest that some CCA- treated wood waste in Florida is burned to produce energy. Incineration results in volatilization of metals during combustion and an accumulation and subsequent leaching of metals in the ash. This poses health and environmental concerns. Past studies have shown that many mineral sorbents are effective in controlling heavy metal volatilization in air phase during incineration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of thermal processes in existing facilities as an option for the management of CCA wood waste in the state of Florida.

Three tasks were carried out to assess the use of existing wood-fired capable facilities as a viable option for the management of CCA wood waste. In the first task, an inventory of existing wood-fired capable facilities and their pollution control devices was compiled. This inventory included two categories: facilities using wood as their fuel and others (such as cement kilns, waste to energy (WTE) plants, coal fired boilers etc.) that can possibly be converted to burn wood. In Florida, amongst the facilities belonging to these categories, the maximum capacities corresponded to wood-based facilities, followed by WTE facilities and coal-fired plants with cement kiln boilers representing the smallest available capacity. While wood boilers also use a variety of carbonaceous fuels, cement kilns and coal fired plants primarily run on coal and use some secondary fuels as well. WTE facilities used municipal solid waste (MSW) for combustion. A variety of air pollution control devices are found in each facility depending on the types of air emissions at that facility. In terms of the maximum heat input rate/ heat capacity of the combustion boilers, coal fired power plants had the highest median heat capacity followed by cement kilns, wood boilers and WTE facilities.

In the second task, a literature survey was conducted on available pollution control technologies and equipment for controlling arsenic emission and leaching resulting from the incineration process. From the survey results, co-incineration appears to be the most promising technology amongst the existing techniques in the short term. Long term options for disposal of CCA treated wood by thermal processes need to be evaluated. Coupling co-incineration with sorbent injection in feed and gas stream can result in the dual benefit of controlling submicron particulate emissions as well as forming non-toxic, non leachable ash which can be disposed of easily. An evaluation of the existing options suggests that the use of a combination of air pollution control devices, e.g., using a wet scrubber combined with an ESP or a baghouse seems to be the best available technique to control arsenic emissions. Injection of mineral sorbents in the flue gas followed by capture of particulates using a baghouse or an ESP has been successful
in controlling arsenic emissions in coal combustion and can be applied to wood waste too. Amongst the various techniques available for sampling of arsenic in ambient air, impregnated filters appear to have the highest particulate and vapor capture efficiency.

In the third task, potential mineral materials that can prevent arsenic leaching from incineration products were screened in laboratory studies. Experiments were conducted to evaluate various sorbent materials for their capability in reducing ash leachability as well as to characterize the crystalline speciation of the reaction products. Experiments were carried out using metal spikes with quantities equivalent to 3.68 pounds per cubic feet (pcf) of CCA-treated wood (treated with CCA type C chemical). The spike-sorbent samples were heated at 700 oC, 900 oC and 1100 oC for 30 minutes. A portion of the residual was leached using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis of the residue was conducted to determine the crystalline speciation of the products. Amongst the various sorbents tested in the given temperature range, the alkaline earth sorbents (cement, calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide) and ferric oxide (at 1100 oC) showed the greatest promise in reducing the leaching of arsenic to significantly lower values than the TC limit of arsenic from the incinerator ash. Regarding chromium, the alumino-silicate group (alumina and silica at all temperatures, and kaolin at higher temperatures), ferric oxide and magnesium hydroxide (at 1100 oC) leached less than the TC limit of chromium from the ash. For copper, all sorbents displayed low leaching values. Volatilization of metals was also reduced due to the metal-sorbent binding, up to 60% in some cases, depending on the type of sorbent used and the system temperature. Speciation characterization results reveal the formation of several metal-metal and metal-mineral compounds (e.g. insoluble Ca3(AsO4)2 and highly soluble CaCrO4). The formation of these compounds may have resulted in different leaching behavior of each metal-sorbent pair under different combustion conditions.
Potential practical scale applications of sorbent technology for thermal conversion of CCA treated wood have been proposed based on these results. At high temperatures (>1000 oC), most of the arsenic is found in the gas phase while chromium and copper remain in the feed. Hence, a strategy to control the leaching of metals can possibly be developed based on these studies. A single sorbent or a combination of sorbents can be used to effectively control the leaching of CCA metals, e.g., using cement in the flue gas to capture arsenic and any alumino-silicate sorbent or ferric oxide in the feed to capture chromium and copper. Another possible alternative could be using ferric oxide or magnesium hydroxide at high temperatures (~1100 oC) to capture all three CCA metal simultaneously, both in feed and gas phase. Based on this strategy, cement kilns, coal combustion plants, MSW incinerators and steel mills may be potentially viable options for disposal of CCA-treated wood by co-incineration.

Results are presented on the development of reversible sorbents for the combined carbon dioxide and trace contaminant (TC) removal for use in Extravehicular Activities (EVAs). Since ammonia is the most important TC to be captured, data on TC sorption presented in this paper are limited to ammonia, with results relevant to other TCs to be reported at a later time. The currently available life support systems use separate units for carbon dioxide, trace contaminants, and moisture control, and the long-term objective is to replace the above three modules with a single one. Furthermore, the current TC-control technology involves the use of a packed bed of acid-impregnated granular charcoal, which is non-regenerable, and the carbon-based sorbent under development in this project can be regenerated by exposure to vacuum at room temperature. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using carbon sorbents for the reversible, concurrent sorption of carbon dioxide and ...

Rudy darniowe s jedn z odmian czwartorz dowych rud elaza. Zalegaj w miejscach obni onych, podmokłych, płytko, kilkana cie do kilkudziesi ciu centymetrów pod powierzchni terenu. Dziel si na dwie główne odmiany: miałkie, b d ce lu nym, sypkim osadem i kawałkowe (scementowane), przypominaj ce makroskopowo u el. Rudy darniowe w przeszło ci stosowano w hutnictwie elaza, budownictwie oraz przy oczyszczaniu gazów z siarkowodoru i cyjanowodoru .

Cu-HyS-urea and Cu-HyS-NaOH, which are hydrotalcite-like copper hydroxyl salts, were prepared by two different methods, urea hydrolysis and precipitation, respectively. Both synthesis methods provided the successful formation of a copper hydroxyl salt, Cu2(OH)3NO3. From XRD and UV-DRS results, the product from the urea hydrolysis methods (Cu-HyS-urea) displayed higher crystallinity, small bandgap energy (Eg), and high light absorption ability because of some intercalated carbonate anions. For the Cr(VI) removal test, the Cu-HyS-NaOH showed superior adsorption of Cr(VI) than Cu-HyS-urea due to a higher specific surface area, confirmed by BET analysis. However, the Cu-HyS-urea presented higher photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction under light irradiation than Cu-HyS-NaOH, owing to narrow Eg, less recombination, and a high transfer of the photogenerated charge carriers, proven by the results from photoluminescence, photocurrent density, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Thus, this work provides a new function of the hydrotalcite-like copper hydroxyl salts (Cu-HyS-urea and Cu-HyS-NaOH) that can be utilized not only for adsorption of Cr(VI) but also as photocatalysts for Cr(VI) reduction under light irradiation.

A commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) was subjected to thermal treatment with ammonia for obtaining an efficient carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) adsorbent. In general, CO 2 adsorption capacity of activated carbon can be increased by introduction of basic nitrogen functionalities onto the carbon surface. In this work, the effect of oxygen surface groups before introduction of basic nitrogen functionalities to the carbon surface on CO 2 adsorption capacity was investigated. For this purpose two different approaches of ammonia treatment without preliminary oxidation and amination of oxidized samples were studied. Modified carbons were characterized by elemental analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to study the impact of changes in surface chemistry and formation of specific surface groups on adsorption properties. The texture of the samples was characterized by conducting N 2 adsorption/desorption at −196 • C. CO 2 capture performance of the samples was investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that in both modification techniques, the presence of nitrogen functionalities on carbon surface generally increased the CO 2 adsorption capacity. The results indicated that oxidation followed by high temperature ammonia treatment (800 • C) considerably enhanced the CO 2 uptake at higher temperatures.

The problem of ore-processing plants' waste and man-made mineral formations (MMF) disposal is very important for the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research of various ore types (gold, polymetallic, iron-bearing) MMF from a number of Kazakhstan's deposits using a complex physical and chemical methods showed, that the waste's main components are silicate and aluminosilicate compounds that can be used to produce adsorbents for fine purification of industrial and natural waters from heavy metals. According to the research, the only MMF of gold and polymetallic ores are environmentally safe for this purpose. Based on the samples, selected with thermal and acid methods, using phosphoric extraction acid, was synthesized a set of silicophosphate products. It was found, that under the optimum conditions, allowing to obtain insoluble porous products with high sorption activity, high the about 10-11 % of final product have the mechanical strength and a heat treatment temperature of 400°C. It is shown, that the dynamic adsorption capacity of synthesized silicophosphate sorbents to copper cations is 1,85 2,5 mg = Cu2+/g. This allows conditioning of water for domestic and drinking purposes, cleaning waste water of heavy metal cations from enterprises, reduce the MMF deposits, or use the latter for the concentration of heavy metals to the level of economically viable industrial processing in the future.

The possibility to obtain new sorbents based on wastes from enrichment of Akbakay field Au-containing ores and Maykain field polymetallic ores is studied. The phase structures of the wastes are determined by X-ray diffraction. Quartz, aluminosilicates and miscellaneous minerals are among the main components. Acid-heat treatment in presence of ortho-phosphoric acid is applied to prepare the materials studied. It is experimentally verified that the silikophosphates obtained are characterized by high mechanical durability on attrition and insolubility in water. Their sorption properties in respect to nickel ions are studied. The results obtained lead to the conclusion that the materials synthesized can be used as sorbents in the process of water purification from heavy metal cations.

A solution to the problems associated with low efficiency of purification of arsenic-contaminated water and/or high installation costs may be the use of adsorption process and application of bog iron ores (RD) as an adsorbent. The aim of this study is to determine the sorption efficiency of RD with regards to arsenic and zinc, to verify the obtained results in flow systems and to investigate the chemical stability of the adsorbent. Based on the obtained results, it was found that granular bog iron ores (gRD) are able to efficiently purification of arsenic contaminated waters, and the adsorption column module enables reduction of arsenic content in waters of less than 100 μg/L. This paper demonstrates that gRD have high application potential and can be successfully used in technologies dedicated to the removal of heavy metals and arsenic from contaminated waters.

1. Спосіб одержання сорбенту для вилучення іонів перехідних металів з розчинів взаємодією силікагелю і зшивального агента з наступною обробкою отриманого модифікованого силікагелю комплексоутворюючим агентом, який відрізняється тим, що як зшивальний агент використовують полігексаметиленгуанідин (ПГМГ) загальної формули:
де Х - аніон неорганічної кислоти, n = 30-90,
а як комплексоутворюючий агент застосовують динатрієву сіль етилендіамінтетраоцтової кислоти (ЕДТА).
2. Спосіб за п. 1, який відрізняється тим, що застосовують ПГМГ у формі гідрохлориду.
3. Спосіб за п. 1 або 2, який відрізняється тим, що взаємодію силікагелю з ПГМГ проводять у водному середовищі при рН = 2,0-9,0.
4. Спосіб за пп. 1 або 2, або 3, який відрізняється тим, що ПГМГ вводять у кількості 6-12 % мас.
5. Спосіб за будь-яким з пп. 1-4, який відрізняється тим, що обробку модифікованого силікагелю ЕДТА проводять у водному середовищі при рН = 2,5-7,0.
6. Спосіб за будь-яким з пп. 1-5, який відрізняється тим, що обробку модифікованого силікагелю ЕДТА проводять при масовому співвідношенні компонентів 40-80:1 відповідно.

Method for producing sorbent for removal of transition metal ions from solutions. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273957537_Method_for_producing_sorbent_for_removal_of_transition_metal_ions_from_solutions [accessed Mar 30, 2015].

Monitoring of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) levels in water is of great importance because BaP is used as a marker for pollution by other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The elemental and morphological features of clinoptilolite used as a sorbent in dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) of BaP from water samples, before Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry determination (GC-MS) is described. SEM micrographs demonstrated agglomerated particles of Clinoptilolite with no changes in particles, but with increased porosity for Clinoptilolite modified at 300 and 400 o C. The content of elements is lower in thermally modified Clinoptilolite at higher temperatures (300 and 400 o C) than for clinoptilolite treated at 120 o C. After the extraction, EDX analysis of clinoptilolite adsorbed BaP, showed the increased percentage of carbon in the modification prepared at 300 o C, indicating the structure of the applied sorbent is more suitable compared to one treated at 400 o C. Recovery values of surrogate standards demonstrate good extraction efficiency for modification at 300 o C and 400 o C, but cheaper modification (prepared at 300 o C) was selected for BaP analysis.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are omnipresent contaminants of the environment, with evidenced harmful effects to human health. Especially endangered are waters, which may affect biota directly or by enabling transport through all environmental compartments. Therefore, constant monitoring of PAHs content in waters is of essential importance. Before most of the analysis, sample preparation is compulsory. Conventional extraction techniques are often time and reagents consuming and not following the rules of "green analytical chemistry". Thus, miniaturization of classic extraction methods is of high importance to reduce solvent volumes, waste, time of treatment and cost. Recent sample preparation techniques, such as solid phase extraction (SPE), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), solid phase microextraction (SPME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) and dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-µ-SPE) were proven as suitable for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water samples and their determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These sample pretreatments are following "green chemistry" principles, offering the simplicity of operation, reducing costs and time of preparation, without compromising the general analytical parameters of the applied analytical method.

Results are presented on the development of reversible sorbents for the combined carbon dioxide and trace contaminant (TC) removal for use in Extravehicular Activities (EVAs). Since ammonia is the most important TC to be captured, data on TC sorption presented in this paper are limited to ammonia, with results relevant to other TCs to be reported at a later time. The currently available life support systems use separate units for carbon dioxide, trace contaminants, and moisture control, and the long-term objective is to replace the above three modules with a single one. Furthermore, the current TC-control technology involves the use of a packed bed of acid-impregnated granular charcoal, which is non-regenerable, and the carbon-based sorbent under development in this project can be regenerated by exposure to vacuum at room temperature. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using carbon sorbents for the reversible, concurrent sorption of carbon dioxide and ...

The development of warm-gas cleanup (WGCU) systems for synthesis gas (syngas) cleanup in in- tegrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants has the potential to lower the costs of generating power. WGCU includes the removal of mercury (Hg), present in coal, from the syngas. Carbon-based sorbents used for Hg removal are not suitable for high-temperature Hg removal in conjunction with the WGCU. The US Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory’s (DOE/NETL) Office of Research & Development (ORD) has been developing various sorbent alternatives to address the problem of high-temperature Hg removal. This study presents analysis of the capture of Hg from syngas streams as a polishing step to attain US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) requirements for Hg (0.003 lb/GWhgross for new IGCC plants) using palladium (Pd) adsorbent being tested by DOE/NETL in association with Johnson Matthey (JM). For the present study, it was assumed that syngas is already cleaned to 5 parts per billion by weight (ppbw) Hg, and the Pd sorbent technology is used as a polishing step to achieve the EPA MATS requirements (0.003 lb/GWhgross, equivalent to 2 ppbw given representative process configuration and material flows). The incremental cost of Hg polishing and the additional capital cost needed were estimated for several scenarios/cases. These cases were differentiated by variance in the following parameters, which are important because they have direct im- pacts on additional capital costs ($/kW), and in turn impacts on the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE): 1) Pd cost (varied from $4,000 to $12,000/lb Pd); 2) Gas hourly space velocity (SV) (varied from 500 to 13,500 h-1); 3) Pd loading (varied between 2 w/w% Pd and 5 w/w% Pd); 4) Sorbent make-up rate (varied between 3%, 1%). The ranges were chosen in order to reasonably reflect, in the cases that are analyzed, the actual fluctuations that have been observed in past *Corresponding author. experience in these important parameters that affect cost (e.g., the Pd cost has kept to within the $4 to 12 k/lb range in recent years). In the case of SV, the high and low points of the range are extremes beyond which costs would either be unreasonable, or increase in cost benefit would be negligible. For a typical case (i.e., using mid-range values of the parameters, including SV of 8000 h-1, 2% Pd loading, 3% make-up rate, $9500/lb Pd cost), the increase in LCOE due to the Pd-polishing system is approximately 0.4% and the additional capital cost is ~$10/kW. As a comparison, the incremental capital cost of conventional Hg removal in an IGCC plant is ~$4 to 8/kW, and the increase in the LCOE is less than 0.4%. Results indicate that in the range of SVs from 3500 h-1 to 10,000 h-1, the Hg-polishing step is expected to function adequately and with increase of LCOE limited to about 1% - 2%. The use of a Pd sorbent-based polishing system to reduce trace Hg levels to the EPA MATS requirements for new IGCC power generation appears to be feasible and reasonably cost-effective.

Results are presented on the development of reversible sorbents for the combined carbon dioxide, moisture, and trace-contaminant (TC) removal for use in Extravehicular Activities (EVAs), and more specifically in the Primary Life Support System (PLSS). The currently available life support systems use separate units for carbon dioxide, trace contaminants, and moisture control, and the long-term objective is to replace the above three modules with a single one. Data on sorption and desorption of ammonia, which is a major TC of concern, are presented in this paper. The current TC-control technology involves the use of a packed bed of acid-impregnated granular charcoal, which is non-regenerable, and the carbon-based sorbent under development in this project can be regenerated by exposure to vacuum at room temperature. In this study, several carbon sorbents were fabricated and tested for ammonia sorption. Ammonia-sorption capacity was related to carbon pore structure characteristics, and ...

Authors: Nagaichuk V., Gerashshenko I., Chornopyshchuk R., Nazarchuk O., Chepliaka O., Dobrovanov O. Lek. Obzor, Bratislava: Herba, 2021, 70(10): 343-349. ISSN 0457-4214.
A promising area is the possibility to use new sorbents in the complex treatment of burn patients that can affect various stages of wound process.
The aim: to substantiate the feasibility and evaluate the effectiveness of local application of composition Pathelen® in a comprehensive program of preparation of postoperative burn wounds for skin grafting.
Materials and methods: 42 patients with IIb–III degree burns with the area of 10–20% damage of the body were under observation. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Local treatment of the patients in the main group (n = 20) at the stage of preparation of wounds for skin grafting was performed with solution decamethoxine (Decasan) and Pathelen. Treatment of the patients in the control group (n = 22) during the same period was limited to the use of Decasan®. Analysis of the wound process was performed as a result of cytological and histological studies.
Results: The use of sorption composition allowed to create conditions for faster wound cleaning with the approximation of the nature of cytograms to the regenerative type. Histological examination of tissues confirmed positive effect of the suggested drug on the formation of granulation tissue at the stage of preparation of wounds for autoskingrafting.
Conclusions: The results of studying cytological and morphological changes in the wounds of patients with burns at the stage of their preparation for autoskingrafting confirmed the effectiveness of application of composition Pathelen® in combination with solution of Decasan®.
Key words: antiseptics, burns, infection, sorbents, wounds

The potential of five low-cost and globally available sorbents, including three raw waste products – waste tire crumb rubber (WTCR), coconut coir fiber (CCF) and blast furnace slag (BFS) – and two modified materials – biochar (BC) and iron coated biochar (FeBC) – were evaluated for removing a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): pyrene (PYR), phenanthrene (PHE), acenaphthylene (ACY) and naphthalene (NAP) from simulated stormwater. The physicochemical characteristics of the sorbents were assessed by BET-N2 surface area, CHN elemental analysis, FTIR and scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS). The experimental data were well described by both linear and Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models. The adsorption rate was mainly controlled by the film diffusion mass transfer mechanism. The magnitude of PAHs partition coefficients (Kd) followed the order of BC > FeBC > WTCR > CCF >> BFS, ranging from 80 to 390,000 L/kg. The sorption Kd values were positively correlated with both aromaticity of sorbents and octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) of PAHs. Ionic strength and pH of solution did not have significant effect on the sorption of PAHs by all sorbents. In contrast, humic acid, as dissolved organic carbon, decreased sorption capacities of WTCR and CCF, and increased sorption efficiency of BFS, which was confirmed with field-collected real stormwater. The hydrophobic π–π interactions were the main mechanism for the sorption of PAHs by various sorbents. These findings are promising for future development of cost-effective sorption filters for removal of hydrophobic organic pollutants from urban stormwater runoff.

A commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) was subjected to thermal treatment with ammonia for obtaining an efficient carbon dioxide (CO 2) adsorbent. In general, CO 2 adsorption capacity of activated carbon can be increased by introduction of basic nitrogen functionalities onto the carbon surface. In this work, the effect of oxygen surface groups before introduction of basic nitrogen functionalities to the carbon surface on CO 2 adsorption capacity was investigated. For this purpose two different approaches of ammonia treatment without preliminary oxidation and amination of oxidized samples were studied. Modified carbons were characterized by elemental analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to study the impact of changes in surface chemistry and formation of specific surface groups on adsorption properties. The texture of the samples was characterized by conducting N 2 adsorption/desorption at -196 °C. CO 2 capture performance of the samples was investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that in both modification techniques, the presence of nitrogen functionalities on carbon surface generally increased the CO 2 adsorption capacity. The results indicated that oxidation followed by high temperature ammonia treatment (800 °C) considerably enhanced the CO 2 uptake at higher temperatures. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433210016508