Soil Sustainability

In the preset context, the best alternative of chemical fertilizer is necessary because of its adverse effects on the soil health. There are several alternatives available to enhance the soil fertility one of them is Azotobacter. It is a free-living N2- fixer diazotroph that has several beneficial effects on the crop growth and yield. It helps in synthesis of growth regulating substances like auxins, cytokinin and Giberellic Acid (GA). In addition, it stimulates rhizospheric microbes, protects the plants from phyto-pathogens, improves nutrient uptake and ultimately boost up biological nitrogen fixation. The abundance of these bacteria in soil is related to many factors, mostly soil pH and fertility.

In pasture management, there are two highly important points. The first one is the protection of vegetation, soil and other resources, and the second one is paying attention to this vegetation, soil and other resources to obtain the highest animal products. The most influential factor in soil protection is the presence of plants on the soil surface. For this purpose, the pasture management principles especially the principles related to complying with grazing capacity and grazing season ensure the establishment of a balance for the environment between the plants which ensure the soil protection and the animals benefiting from the plants. There is a strong relationship between soil protection and pasture management principles. Compliance with these principles is essential for a sustainable economy and environment. In Turkey, the un-implementation of these principles caused erosion of most pasture areas. And these problems also exist in different parts of the world with similar ecology.

This paper presents the results of a research carried out in Belgium, France, Holland and United States about the destiny – foreseeable or possible – of heterotopias, a huge 19th and 20th centuries architectonic and cultural estate heritage.
The twentieth-century city was built through the addition of different settlements, which were strongly functionally defined and laid out. The heterotopias of deviation were built among the elements composing a “city of enclosures”.
The earth, beginning and ending of each thing, is saturated: even its underground is saturated and its layers have absorbed dross and wastes of all kinds. In metropolitan territories, there is a continuous production of waste.
To the larger and larger production of waste an answer is given by previsions that tend to consider re-cycling phases of different kind, flexible and long-lasting times and procedures, possibly first temporary and then permanent.
This research has helped defining a project proposed as an alternative to the II Stralcio Funzionale of the P.U.A. for the cemetery system of Poggioreale in Naples. The proposed alternative consists in extending the Parco Cimiteriale di Poggioreale into the former psychiatric asylum Leonardo Bianchi in Naples.
By adopting densifying, recycling, mixing functions as main criteria for a project related to a huge legacy of both material and immaterial kind of heritage, the “T’era Park” proposal aims to enhance the “notes from underground”.

In the preset context, the best alternative of chemical fertilizer is necessary because of its adverse effects on the soil health. There are several alternatives available to enhance the soil fertility one of them is Azotobacter. It is a free-living N 2 - fixer diazotroph that has several beneficial effects on the crop growth and yield. It helps in synthesis of growth regulating substances like auxins, cytokinin and Giberellic Acid (GA). In addition, it stimulates rhizospheric microbes, protects the plants from phyto-pathogens, improves nutrient uptake and ultimately boost up biological nitrogen fixation. The abundance of these bacteria in soil is related to many factors, mostly soil pH and fertility.

One of the most important goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development concerns life on land (SDG15). It seems that among the issues mentioned in SDG15, soil degradation and preservation is the matter which is least studied in theory and most neglected in practice. “Soil is the key to life on this planet – the foundation for all terrestrial ecosystems”. For centuries, soil has mainly been seen as a source of goods. However, with the increasing human impact on the environment, the close links between soil and a number of environmental issues, such as sustainability, climate change, and loss of soil organic matter and nutrients, have been recognized. All soil functions depend on its physical, chemical and biological properties. They determine the quality of the soil. This in turn guarantees whether or not the soil can provide its services.

One of the most important goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development concerns life on land (SDG15). It seems that among the issues mentioned in SDG15, soil degradation and preservation is the matter which is least studied in theory and most neglected in practice. “Soil is the key to life on this planet – the foundation for all terrestrial ecosystems”. For centuries, soil has mainly been seen as a source of goods. However, with the increasing human impact on the environment, the close links between soil and a number of environmental issues, such as sustainability, climate change, and loss of soil organic matter and nutrients, have been recognized. All soil functions depend on its physical, chemical and biological properties. They determine the quality of the soil. This in turn guarantees whether or not the soil can provide its services.