Redux

The theory of agency has found applications across the social sciences as well as in management fields; there are literally thousands of papers that employ it. Unlike many popular theoretical approaches in social science, however, the theory of agency has no standard citation. Most applications to date have employed variations on the economic theory of agency, with the most cited article being Jensen & Meckling (1976). Most literature using agency has featured the assumptions, terms, logics, and domain common to approaches in economics. Agency theory did in fact have a distinct origin: It was first proposed, independently, by Mitnick (1973, 1974, 1975), beginning the institutional stream, and Ross (1973, 1974), for the economics stream. Revisionist work on agency theory has taken for granted that the task involves extensions and repairs in the economic theory of agency. This Guidepost argues that many of the criticisms do not necessarily apply to institutional agency theory. Work should return to an institutional approach that focuses on incentive relations rather than incentives, relationships of control such as authority and responsibility not just decisions, attention to how the inevitable imperfections of agency are managed not just how they are corrected, the exploration of complex motivation including terminal values, the influences of social norms on agency, and the design and functioning of systems of assurance that permit imperfect institutions to remain credible.

ABSTRACT
Nowadays, any intellectual product can be produced and reproduced in digital environment. In parallel with the development of digital reproduction technologies, the concept of copy has been reshaped and debated in different contexts. The first break with the digital copy is the physical loss of the distinction between original and copy. In its simplest sense, a digital copy is a digital file created in the virtual environment and capable of being replicated infinitely. Each of these files is identical, that is why it is impossible to establish a predecessor - successor relationship between the duplicated digital files. Differentiating from the mechanical production, it does not propose countless copies made from the same model, but numerous identical copies, none of which is the original model. In this context, the digital copy can be re-processed by each user and constructed in the physical world through uninterrupted manufacturing processes. At this point it is possible to talk about the potentiality of the concept of redux in architecture. In the scope of the study, the concept of redux is discussed through the digital-based current reproduction and construction processes, which are similar to craft production. The Villa Rotunda Redux project (2012) of the Fashion Architectural Taste (FAT) group is examined in this context. Villa Rotunda Redux, the case study of this paper, has been presented as a part of “The Museum of Copying” exhibition at the 13th Venice Architecture Biennale in 2012. Palladio’s Villa Rotunda, the most imitated building in the world, has been imitated once again by using contemporary fabrication techniques. The installation presents many questions relating to “architectural copy”. Through the analysis of visual material and the discourses surrounding the installation’s design process, this study examines the contemporary copy culture and the potentiality of the redux in architecture. Keywords: FAT; architectural copy; architectural theory; Redux; Villa Rotunda.
ÖZET
Günümüzde herhangi bir fikri ürün, dijital ortamda üretilebilmekte ve yeniden üretilip, çoğaltılabilmektedir. Dijital yeniden üretim teknolojilerinin gelişimine paralel kopya olgusu yeniden şekillenmekte ve farklı bağlamlarda tartışma konusu olmaktadır. Dijital kopya ile yaşanan ilk kırılma, özgün ile kopya olan ayrımının fiziksel olarak yitirilmesidir. En basit anlamda dijital kopya, sanal ortamda oluşturulan ve teoride sonsuz sayıda çoğaltılabilme olanağına sahip dijital dosyadır. Bu dosyaların her biri özdeştir, yani çoğaltılan dijital dosyalar arasında öncül – ardıl ilişkisi kurmak olanaksızdır. Mekanik üretimin tıpkıbasımından farklılaşan bu durum, aynı kalıptan üretilen sayısız kopya önermesi değil, kalıbı olmayan sayısız özdeş kopya önermesidir. Bu bağlamda, üretilen dijital kopya, her kullanıcı tarafından yeniden işlenebilmekte ve kesintisiz devam edebilen tasarım-üretim süreci ile fiziksel dünyada inşa edilebilmektedir. Bu noktada mimarlıkta bir potansiyel olarak redux olgusundan bahsetmek mümkündür. Çalışma kapsamında redux olgusu, zanaat üretimi ile benzerlikler gösteren dijital tabanlı güncel yeniden üretim ve inşa süreçleri üzerinden ele alınmakta ve Fashion Architectural Taste (FAT) grubunun Villa Rotunda Redux projesi (2012) bu bağlamda irdelenmektedir. Villa Rotunda Redux enstalasyonu, 13. Venedik Mimarlık Bienali’nde yer alan, “The Museum of Copying/Kopyalama Müzesi” başlıklı serginin parçalarından biridir. Palladio’nun Villa Rotunda’sının dijital üretim tekniklerinin yardımıyla, yorumlanarak yeniden inşasına odaklanan enstalasyon, güncel mimari kopya olgusuna ilişkin sorular barındırmaktadır. Villa Rotunda Redux enstalasyona odaklanan bu çalışma ise, güncel mimari kopyanın çeşitlenen içeriğini ve redux kavramının mimarlık alanında kullanım olanaklarını irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Anahtar sözcükler: FAT; mimari kopya; mimarlık kuramı; Redux; Villa Rotunda.

... log-transformed scores on their Web pages, although they did use them in validation efforts they ... the new scoring algorithm is implemented on the Web pages relative to its application in the ... even went so far as to argue that the independence of explicit and implicit measures is a ...

... log-transformed scores on their Web pages, although they did use them in validation efforts they ... the new scoring algorithm is implemented on the Web pages relative to its application in the ... even went so far as to argue that the independence of explicit and implicit measures is a ...

... log-transformed scores on their Web pages, although they did use them in validation efforts they ... the new scoring algorithm is implemented on the Web pages relative to its application in the ... even went so far as to argue that the independence of explicit and implicit measures is a ...