Photovoltaic Energy

In current scenario, due to effects of pollution and global warming there is a need of generating power from renewable sources. The main purpose for generating power using gravity is that it is available all over the Earth, abundant and consistent too. In this project we designed a methodology wherein we combine two different (gravitational force and photovoltaic effect) methods of energy generation, firstly gravitational potential energy is transformed into rotational kinetic energy in terms of its magnitude by using perpetual motion mechanism and hence can be successfully converted into usable electrical energy. And another mechanism in my analysis is to harvested energy from artificial source of light (LED bulb) by use of solar cell or panel so for this arrangement we harvested some energy from ongoing energy(i.e. energy which is used in lighting the room in night time). Perpetual motion describes "motion that resume definitely without any external source of energy but it is impossible in practice because of friction.. So for this concern we used in reciprocating actuator in our project to provide intermittent energy to the system to overcome friction losses, and for stable operation.

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With the water necessities in water system being expansive, there is a requirement for a brilliant framework that can spare the water and increment the beneficial of product. This paper goes for sparing time and keeping away from issues like consistent cautiousness in water system field, it likewise concentrate on water preservation via naturally giving water to the field contingent upon their water prerequisite at diverse phases of product development. Solar based energy is changed into electrical energy by utilizing photograph voltaic cells. Amid the day time, the energy put away in the batteries can be used to run water pump for agriculture. This project goes for mounting a controlled charging system on condition that securities for over charge condition, profound release condition and under voltage condition of the battery. This proposed framework will be contained a DC pump which diminishes the utilization of inverters and so on, accordingly dropping the cost of the venture. Utilizing the charge controlled system; the water pump can be worked at four diverse schedule openings. Troubles like exchanging the pump ON/OFF physically can be beat utilizing this venture. There exists an inbuilt ongoing clock (RTC) which continues following the time and along these lines switches ON/OFF the pump in like

This paper focuses on single-diode photovoltaic cell models. Comprehensive simulation studies are carried out in order to adequately assess temperature dependence, solar radiation change, diode ideality factor and series resistance influence. A comparison between an ideal model single-diode solar cell and a model of single-diode solar cell with a series resistance is also presented. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn.

Resumo: Neste artigo é apresentado o estudo e comparação do comportamento real e simulado de um sistema solar fotovoltaico, através dos softwares de projeto e simulação Electronic Workbench (MultiSIM 9), AIM-Spice e a identificação do ponto de máxima potência (MPP), com o auxílio do software de modelamento Matlab.

Unmanned aircraft have numerous operational advantages that they recommend, and flight autonomy is important in conditions of use in hostile operating environments. A method of maximizing autonomy is the use of correlated photovoltaic energy with an optimized design depending on the type of mission. The article presents both theoretically and numerically a technical solution for the FW-UAV using a photovoltaic system.

Solar energy is very relevant in applications in Industries, Agro-machines and homes. This has necessitated the development of some sort of scientific and engineering techniques to effectively harness Photovoltaic and solar heat energy generations and utilizations. As a result, there are three theoretical models instituted to effectively utilize the photovoltaic energy in different spheres of applications in technology. To this, considerations were made on the capacity requirements and reliability of the systems components and behavior as can be seen in: Solar Panel, Load Requirement, Battery Sizing, Discharge time of the stored energy, Time to fully charge the battery, charge controller sizing, and wires sizing for: Solar panel, Battery connection and Connections to the charge Controller. The scope of this study is the design of models for utilization of solar heat energy in different spheres of life. The main reason for this work is to ensure for effective development of models and applications of solar photovoltaic energy to machines and other devices or systems. It is also served as a guide to young and inquisitive technicians to design substantially in systems and machines applications.

In order to make solar energy competitive with the other forms of renewable energies, a better exploitation of its advantages especially environmental side, this will be possible only with the development of the less expensive and high output efficiency systems. In this paper, the modeling and simulation has been done in Simulink software available with MATLAB for a solar photovoltaic (PV) powered industrial type permanent magnet DC (PMDC) motor drive.

The paper examines the effects of radiation and temperature on photovoltaic systems in environmental conditions of Shiraz City. In this regard, first the Circuit model of photo voltaic array is evaluated. After reviewing the case and obtaining climate data using the RET Screen software, and simulating the results in MATLAB software, we concluded that with increase of radiation, the maximum power increases in the area. Then, temperature reducing effect on power, as well as radiation increasing effect on power was surveyed. The findings of the study can be useful to design a solar power plant in the area.

Electrocoagulation is the process of removing suspended, dissolved, heavy metals, organic and emulsified pollutants by applying direct current to electrodes for dissolution. The electrocoagulation process is widely used in various industrial water treatment plants due to its low cost material and process design. In this frame, the paper presents a general review of EC technologies employed for various samples of wastewater like dye mixed synthetic wastewater, sewer wastewater, and dairy wastewater using different power supply models of EC having PV model and DC power supply.

In this paper, some of the aspects associated with the integration of renewable energy sources into smart grid power systems are investigated. The renewable energy sources under study include a photovoltaic (PV) source and a wind energy conversion system (WECS). The PV source yields a variable DC output voltage that is dependent on the solar irradiation and ambient temperature. Therefore, a power conditioning unit (PCU) is needed to integrate its energy to the power system and track its maximum power point (MPP). The power conditioning unit may be a controlled DC-DC boost conveter. The design and implementation of such converter is investigated in the paper. Moreover, wind generators yield an AC output voltage that has variable voltage magnitude and frequency. Hence, a complete WECS has to be developed to integrate this wind energy to the power system. The WECS involves an uncontrolled (diode) rectifier cascaded by a controlled DC-DC converter. Furthermore, the renewable energy system involves a battery storage system that in turns need a converter to control its charging/discharging process. The design and control of this converter will be presented in this paper as well. Simulation and experimental results are included to verify the ideas developed in this study.

In this paper, we present our contribution in photovoltaic energy optimization subject. In this research work, the goal is to determinate fastly the optimal PV Module working point, allowing maximum power extraction. In this work we use DC-DC Boost converter to control the working point, by adjusting PV voltage trough duty cycle. In order to achieve our goal, we use the combination of incremental conductance MPPT technique and DC-DC Boost converter backstepping control. The validation of this control is made by Matlab simulation; the obtained results prove its effectiveness and its good maximum power tracking dynamics for different irradiance and temperature profiles.

This study took place in Llano Chico, a peri-urban parish in the Metropolitan District of Quito, in Ecuador. Photovoltaic energy was chosen, given the location of the site on the Equator with optimal solar conditions. The objective was to develop participatory methodology to determine the spatial configuration of a possible photovoltaic project. Community participation was key. Qualitative research methods were based on observation, snowball techniques, semi-structured interviews and a participatory workshop. The results open the doors to the possibility of having community photovoltaic energy for the installation of public lighting in informal residential areas that suffer from security issues. This could fill a void of services, due to public companies not being able to carry out operations in informal urban areas. The academic sector through strategies of community participation can bring about compelling opportunities that foster development.

This paper analyses the economics of grid-connected photovoltaic systems. With the 2003 costs of photovoltaic systems, under prevailing capital market conditions, with a system lifetime of 30 years, and under the best climatic conditions, it appears that the cost of production of grid-connected electricity could be of 0.28 US $/kWh. Similar values hold for other regions (US locations under medium climatic conditions, European locations, Switzerland and Japan with, in these countries, low costs of capital). If the lifetime of the system goes up, due to future technological improvements, to a very large value such as 50 years, these costs can be lowered by a significant amount, leading to estimates of of 0.24 US $/kWh. Competitiveness of grid-connected photovoltaic electricity, while it still cannot be taken for granted, is a possibility, especially if major technological advances further lowers the costs of photocells and increases their lifetimes.

L’objectif des recherches decrites dans ce memoire est de repondre aux problematiques de la filiere photovoltaique en contexte amazonien afin d’assurer le developpement de cette derniere. Les actions de recherche initiees ont pour but de contribuer a l’amelioration du fonctionnement des installations photovoltaiques et a la diminution des risques associes aux projets et technologies photovoltaiques implantes dans cette region. Nous abordons dans un premier temps la question de la formalisation de modeles capables d'assurer le suivi de l'eclairement solaire en vue de realiser le controle et la gestion de l'energie produite, et pour cela nous utilisons le formalisme de la modelisation par espace d’etat. Le filtre Bayesien recursif est utilise comme methode de resolution d'un probleme a espace d'etat dont les observations sont issues d'images satellites. Nous veillons au caractere generique de la methode proposee afin qu’elle soit transposable a d’autres ressour...

The selection of the optimal solution regarding the concentration ratio is a complex process, as it depends on a very high number of criteria. The production of renewable energy using the concentrated solar radiation is a field of high scientific level worldwide, while in Romania the research in this field is only in its early stages. The purpose of this document is to present a classification method for photovoltaic systems taking into account the concentration ration. The paper tries to fill in a gap in the field of choosing the photovoltaic systems from the concentration ratio perspective. Based on the study performed, we recommend using the variant A4, namely the technical solution consisting of a photovoltaic system with a 1000x concentration ratio.

In order to maximize the electric energy production of a photovoltaic generator (PVG), the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods are usually used in photovoltaic systems. The principle of these techniques is to operate the PVG to the maximum power point (MPP), which depends on the environmental factors, such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature, ensuring the optimal power transfer between PVG and load. In this paper, we present the implementation of two digital MPPT commands using the Arduino Mega type. The two proposed MPPT controls are based on the algorithm of perturb and observe (P&O), the first one with fixed perturbation step and the second one with two perturbations step varying with some conditions. The experimental results show that the P&O algorithm with variable step perturbation gives good results compared to the P&O algorithm with fixed perturbation step in terms of the time response and the oscillations around the MPP.