Some Remarks on Architecture of the Romanesque Collegiate of St Martin in Opatów The Collegiate Church of St Martin in Opatów, one of the most significant examples of local Romanesque architecture, still remains not a fully...
moreSome Remarks on Architecture of the Romanesque Collegiate of St Martin in Opatów
The Collegiate Church of St Martin in Opatów, one of the most significant examples of local Romanesque architecture, still remains not a fully recognized structure. Despite that the research at the site has been carried out for more than a century and that the church has been examined both archaeologically and architecturally four times, there are many unanswered questions remaining.
The collegiate church has a form of a Saxon basilica with three naves and two towers in its north façade. Originally, the east end was terminated with three apses; and from the west it was possible to enter the basilica through an entrance with three arches. However, it was soon blinded and a crypt was built within the west porch. The walls of the church are not unified. The main body is till Romanesque with numerous remodeling and additions of later Romanesque, Gothic, and modern origin. The most important Romanesque elements discovered during recent examinations are: a portico with three arches, a frieze in the west façade, remains of chapter house, a portal in the wall of the north aisle, and relicts of a crypt. The crypt was reconstructed as a three bay one with a barrel vault; and with two staircases leading to it. It was a reliquary crypt; in its form connected with Rhemish and Mosan architecture. It is one of the latest examples of the Mosan choir with a west crypt.
The latest refurbishing and preservation works in the collegiate church in Opatów uncovered also numerous Romanesque architectural details. The most notable is the Romanesque polychromy depicting probably the scene of the Last Judgment. During the research carried out in the collegiate church in 2004, in the east side there were unearthed remains of choir screens (?) and a masonry structure in the presbytery (its role has not been determined yet).
On the basis of recently conducted accelerator dating, the construction of the cathedral, was determined to 1160.
According to the present state of recognition of the collegiate church in Opatów two oldest (hypothetical) architectural phases can be determined: the first one would be of Saxon and Alsace style (ducal foundation of Henryk of Sandomierz) and the second of Rhemish and Mosan style (the invocation of the canonic group by Kazimierz II the Just).