Nurosciencee

Elastography is a promising technique for detection
and classification of abnormal growth of tumors in soft tissues. In this paper we propose a simple yet effective optimization to speed up the time-domain indirect strain estimation. The proposed method exploits the displacement values of the neighbors to predict the displacement and utilizes this predicted value to define an adaptive search region for finding the best match between pre and post compression signals. This Proposed method is faster than other block matching algorithms such as SAD, SSD or cross-correlation. We have evaluated the method using performance parameters such as elastrographic Signal to Noise Ratio (SNRe), elastrographic Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNRe), elastrographic Peak-Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNRe) and Mean Structural Similarity (MSSIM). For lower percentage of strain, the proposed method superior in computational speed demonstrates similar performance to the other methods.

Ultrasound elastography is a promising technique for detection and classification of abnormal growths and tumors. It is a functional imaging modality that maps the elastic properties (strain) of the soft tissues, and can be an effective tool in the diagnosis of tumors and lesions. In this paper, we overview the time-domain and frequency-domain strain estimation methods, and propose a simple yet effective optimization to speed up the time-domain indirect strain estimation. The proposed method exploits the displacement values of the neighbors to predict the displacement and utilizes this predicted value to define an adaptive search region for finding the best match between pre and post compression signals. This method is faster than other block matching algorithms such as SAD, SSD or cross-correlation. We evaluated the method using performance parameters such as elastrographic Signal to Noise Ratio (SNRe), elastrographic Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNRe), elastrographic Peak-Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNRe) and Mean Structural Similarity (MSSIM). For lower percentage of strain, the proposed method demonstrated similar performance to the other methods.

Tetraspanin 2 (Tspan2) is one of the less well-characterised members of the tetraspanin superfamily, and its precise function in different human tissue types remains to be explored. Initial studies have highlighted its possible association in neuroinflammation and carcinogenesis. In the central nervous system, Tspan2 may contribute to the early stages of the oligodendrocyte differentiation into myelin-forming glia. Furthermore, in human lung cancer, Tspan2 could be involved in the progression of the tumour metasta-sis by modulating cancer cell motility and invasion functions. In this review, we discuss the available evidence for the potential role of Tspan2 and introduce possible strategies for disease targeting.

Research Article Open Access Hypoxemia due to respiratory distress in Covid-19 is the deadliest complication in this disease. SARS-CoV-2 lungs infection incites several pathological mechanisms, such as loss of ventilation/perfusion mismatch, no vasoconstriction in response to hypoxia, and an important increment of coagulopathy in the lung alveoli. Therefore, a close relationship occurs of lung injury after virus infection, the resultant hypoxemia which provokes a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The cytokine storm, due to excessive activation of immune cells which generates pro-inflammatory cytokines, is a main factor to explain symptoms worsening in Covid-19 disease, leading to ARDS and death. It is well-known that a close relationship exists among lung damage, hypoxemia and the cytokine storm.

MRI scanners show a spatial resolution of 250 µm in-plane (small lenticel empirical devices permit for 50 µm isotropic voxels for in vivo evaluation) infinite profundity infiltration along with significant good soft tissue contrast. Extracting any new epitomizing technology to the imaging of children has a number of safety interests that must be aimed. However the lack of ionizing radiation makes MRI particularly suitable for a stroke patient. These treatments must be tailored to the individual biochemical setup or disease stage of each respective patient with the support of diagnostic data. Equipped with these patient-specific data, a therapy regime is selected, taking into account the different molecular defects for each disease as well as the particular clinical history and condition of a patient. Neuroradiological tools such as CT or MRI have become an indispensable part of the examination and work-up of patients with acute cerebrovascular insults.

We investigated IS6110 polymorphism in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients attending the outpatient department at various hospitals in northern India. DNA fingerprinting of 126 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis was carried out using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) associated with the IS6110 element in M. tuberculosis genomes. A substantive degree of polymorphism was evident in the MDR M. tuberculosis isolates. The number of bands in the fingerprints varied from 0 to 19. However, the lack of common bands made it difficult to cluster the majority of these isolates. We were also unable to associate drug resistance with IS6110 copy number. Specific regions of the gyrA and katG genes from a representative number of these isolates were sequenced to determine the genotype. The majority of the isolates analyzed were found to belong to Group 1, indicating that these strains were evolutionarily older. We find no evidence of the W strain, prevalent in the US, in our study. The epidemiological patterns of the various strains in India seem to be very complex, as reflected by the presence of a large number of different strains (types) within north India.

Control of drug use is of paramount importance as regards the public health concern and among the leading most abused drugs are ethanol and acetaminophen while the maintenance of uninterrupted visual signals is of crucial importance to an individual survival of which Lateral geniculate body roles as a vital relay station. In this study, long term effects of simultaneous administration of ethanol and acetaminophen were investigated on the lateral geniculate body. Forty adult wistar rats of both sexes of average weight 185±20.2g were randomly distributed into four groups of treatments T1,T2, T3 and control C (N=10). The animals were fed on standard laboratory mouse chow with water provided ad libitum. For a period of 6 weeks, animals in group T1 received 100mg/Kg.bwt. acetaminophen and 25% ethanol in 2% sucrose solution while group T2 animals received 25% ethanol in 2% sucrose solution.T3 animals were given 100mg/Kg.bwt. acetaminophen and group C animals were given only distilled water. At the end of administration all the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the LGB were dissected out and processed for routine histological techniques and bioassay of succinic dehydrogenase. Shrunken brains were seen only in the treatment groups T1 and T2 with significant brain weight loss (P<0.01) compared to the control while T3 brain were insignificantly reduced compared to the control. Histological findings revealed scantily distributed pyknotic neuronal cells in the T1 and T2 groups while T3 sections appeared normal with few distortions compared to normal pictures obtained in the control group. Significantly(P<0.05) reduced neuronal cells density of 46% and 39% neuronal loss respectively was obtained in treatment groups T1 and T2 respectively compared to control group as against an insignificant 9% loss seen control group. However, the enzymatic of SDH was markedly reduced in T1 and T2 as compared to high activities recorded in the control and T3 groups. These neuronal alterations may underline visual defects associated with lateral geniculate body as a visual relay station following chronic simultaneous consumption of ethanol and acetaminophen.