Micro Analysis

A simple, accurate, and economical method has been proposed to measure formaldehyde in aqueous samples. The method is based on quantification of classical chromotropic acid-formaldehyde violet spots developed on TLC. Different parameters such as concentration of chromotropic and sulfuric acid, time of heating and order of application of reagents have been studied to find out the optimum working procedure. Spots have been quantified by scanning the spotted TLC and analyzing the image in computer with Visual Basic 6.0 based graphic application. The study consisted of developing an appropriate calibration line, analyzing artificial and real samples, and comparing the new method with a standard spectrophotometric method (NIOSH Method-3500, 1994). It has been concluded that the present method had the capability for measuring formaldehyde in aqueous samples at trace level with high precision and accuracy, particularly when dealing with turbid and small volume samples where the standard method failed.

Microanalysis in psychotherapy is the close examination of the moment-by-moment communicative actions of the therapist. This study microanalyzed demonstration sessions by experts on solutionfocused and client-centered therapies, specifically, the first 50 therapist utterances of sessions by Steve de Shazer, Insoo Kim Berg, Carl Rogers, and Nathaniel Raskin. The first analysis examined how the therapist communicated, namely, whether the therapist's contribution took the fbrm of questions or of fbrmulations (e.g., paraphrasing). The second analysis rated whether each question or lbrmulation was positive, neutral, or negative. Two analysts demonstrated high-independent-agreement for both methods. Results showed that the solution-focused and clientcentered expefts dilfered in how they structured the sessions: The clientcentered therapists used tbrmulations almost exclusively, that is, they responded to client's contributions. Solution-fbcused experts used both fbrmulations and questions, that is, tliey both initiated and responded to client contributions. They also difl'ered in the tenor of their contributions:

At the infant-toddler center, the rituals of transition that mark children's arrival and going home times offer interesting kaleidoscopes for the study of interactive dynamics with the associated meanings and implicit educational models. Numerous pedagogical studies have investigated the meanings of these events, for the most part drawing on the monocultural model of classical attachment theory to analyze interactions between adults and children. Far less research has approached these rituals using triadic, systemic and intercultural categories of analysis in order to explore not only educators' actions but also what is going on in their minds. In this paper, we discuss examples from a recent study on rituals of transition in the multicultural context of an infant toddler center, combining description of the timing, behaviors and interactive styles of children and adults, with analysis of the thoughts and representations of the educators. Nel nido d'infanzia i rituali di transizione che scandiscono l'arrivo e uscita dal servizio rappresentano caleidoscopi interessanti per studiare le dinamiche interattive tenendo conto anche dei significati e dei modelli educativi impliciti. Sono numerosi gli studi pedagogici che si sono occupati di indagare i significati di questi eventi ispirandosi per lo più al modello monoculturale della teoria classica dell'attaccamento per l'analisi delle interazioni tra adulti e bambini. Meno diffuse sono invece ricerche che hanno studiato questi rituali adottando categorie di analisi di tipo triadico, sistemico e interculturale per leggere non solo ciò che accade Ricerche di Pedagogia e Didattica-Journal of Theories and Research in Education 8, 2 (2013) Cultures of education and rituals of transition from home to the infant toddler center. Observing interactions and professional development-C. Bove, S. Cescato 28 nell'azione ma anche nella mente degli educatori. Nell'articolo discuteremo alcuni esempi emergenti da una recente ricerca che ha indagato i rituali di transizione nella realtà multiculturale di un nido d'infanzia, intrecciando la descrizione di tempi, modi e stili interattivi di bambini e adulti, con l'analisi dei pensieri e delle rappresentazioni degli educatori.

Pupils with impaired hearing and moderate to severe learning difficulties usually go to special schools for the severely learning disabled. Few studies have been conducted on the interpersonal communication among these pupils. The all-embracing aim of this study is to look closer into the communication that takes place during the school day between children and adults, in cases where Sign Language and Sign Supported Speech are used.The purpose is to describe and interpret interaction patterns as well as use, form and content in the communication between the participants. The purpose is also to study possibilities and limitations within the environment as well as the individual, which might have an impact on the communication process.The study has a micro-ethnographical onset; data consists of video-observations during one year in eight school-classes, supplemented with questionnaires, interviews, field notes and participation observations. The results show that there are both possib...

... Birgitta Fagerstr?m, Lena Lang, Karin Dahlberg, Lena Lundmark, Unn G?rman, Inger Isaksson, Ann-Britt Wallengren, Anita Serneke-Dahlbom, Mariann En?, Elsa Foisack, Sigbritt Paulan-der, Kerstin Westerlund, Lisbeth Andersson, Ingrid Olsson, Karin Collg?rd, Lili-Ann ...

Microanalysis in psychotherapy is the close examination of the moment-by-moment communicative actions of the therapist. This study microanalyzed demonstration sessions by experts on solutionfocused and client-centered therapies, specifically, the first 50 therapist utterances of sessions by Steve de Shazer, Insoo Kim Berg, Carl Rogers, and Nathaniel Raskin. The first analysis examined how the therapist communicated, namely, whether the therapist's contribution took the fbrm of questions or of fbrmulations (e.g., paraphrasing). The second analysis rated whether each question or lbrmulation was positive, neutral, or negative. Two analysts demonstrated high-independent-agreement for both methods. Results showed that the solution-focused and clientcentered expefts dilfered in how they structured the sessions: The clientcentered therapists used tbrmulations almost exclusively, that is, they responded to client's contributions. Solution-fbcused experts used both fbrmulations and questions, that is, tliey both initiated and responded to client contributions. They also difl'ered in the tenor of their contributions:

The study of talk-in-interaction is focused on how people conduct social interactions in real world situations, in real-time. The purpose of this article is to provide a primer for understanding talk-in-interaction research, conversation analysis and microanalysis in the AAC fi eld. An overview of talk-in-interaction research and a discussion of important issues in the fi eld will be presented, followed by a tutorial on conducting microanalytic investigations in AAC.