Media Agenda Setting

This experiment was designed to explore people's critical, differentiating capacity between actual news and content that looks like news. Four groups of postmillennials read four versions of a news story. While the first condition included a real news story derived from a mainstream medium, the other three conditions tested three attributes of fakeness, namely an exaggerated, satirical, and popularised frame of disinformation. Although readers differentiated between satire and the actual news story, no significant differences were observed between exaggerated and simplified versions of news and the actual news story. Additional intervening variables were scrutinized, showing a connection between the salience of a story and its perceptions of fakeness.

It is said that the media can set what the public perceived as important. This study has used a quantitative survey in order to understand the effect of agenda setting theory in the Malaysian context. Studying a total of 1500 eligible voters from various ethnic groups in Malaysia (Malay, Chinese, and Indian), 17 important issues were identified. Overall, the study found media agenda had a significant correlation with the public agenda, indicating that the media can influence what the audience perceived as important. This study also suggested that race had no influence on the media’s coverage of concerned issues.

The main objective of this comparative study of five transnational media channels is to observe the news broadcast of media institutions that address a wide-ranging diverse viewership as distinct from media that addresses a citizenry within the geographical boundaries of sovereignty.

According to Cook (1998), the news media “make up a collective institution - a site of systematized principles of action enduring across time and supervising a central area of social and political life” (p. 15). This comparative study is an endeavor to delineate the boundaries of the tacit social and political areas sighted by the different transnational media. It further seeks to identify the gray areas seen by some and ignored by others.

Bourdieu’s (1998) theory of fields that represents journalism as a field of power contestation is in use as the basic theoretical model since it helps to explain the dynamics of the framing processes within a wider context of intersecting fields of power. A framing approach is embedded within the Bourdieu theory and is used as a tool of content analysis, where the question of how “issues are being framed as a result of social and institutional interests” (Reese, 2008, p.9) is crucial to unveiling the workings of all different forces.

Agenda Setting adalah salah satu dari teori dalam Komunikasi Massa. Teori ini menggunakan sarana media massa untuk menyampaikan informasinya kepada masyarakat dengan tujuan untuk mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat tentang sesuatu hal yang dianggap penting.

The widespread use of social networks has given a rise to citizen journalism that could influence online public and media agenda. This is investigated in Iran’s Green Movement 2009, when online users raised the ‘Twitter Revolution’. Global netizens tweeted the citizen journalists’ news coming from Iran, in the absence of international journalists, in order to help the suppressed citizens gain new voice and political power. This thesis focuses on the possible impact they had on online public and media agenda through reversed internet-mediated agenda-setting process. The popular hashtags on Twitter are chosen to indicate three major events, which later are investigated on Google News. The result from Google Trends suggests that the same dates and events that were popular on Twitter, generated the highest search interests on Google News. However, the third event, Neda’s death, which was entirely sourced by citizen journalists yielded a weaker trend than the other two events, leading to the conclusion that citizen journalism could affect public and media agenda, however their impact is less significant.

El trabajo tiene como objetivo elaborar un modelo de relación inter-agendas para temas experienciales en medios tradicionales cubanos de alcance provincial, que articule las agendas política, mediática y pública y los factores intervinientes en su conformación. Para ello se aplicó un diseño mixto y se utilizaron métodos teóricos como el Análisis-síntesis, Inducción-deducción y la Modelación. Además, se emplearon técnicas como la observación participante, las entrevistas, los grupos de discusión y la encuesta. La investigación es novedosa y pertinente porque permite articular las agendas política, mediática y pública a nivel teórico y práctico, en un contexto mediático cambiante con características que lo distinguen respecto a la aplicación de la teoría y cuya voluntad inmediata es la de perfeccionar la gestión de los medios de comunicación y una mayor inclusión de la audiencia en la conformación de los contenidos de la prensa.

Twitter has become a convenient, cheap and effective beat for journalists in search of news and information. Reporters today increasingly aggregate information online and embed it in journalism discourse. In this paper, we analyse how tweets have increasingly been included as quotes in newspaper reporting during the rise of Twitter from 2007 to 2011. The paper compares four Dutch and four British national tabloids and broadsheets, asking if tabloid journalists are relying more on this second-hand coverage than their colleagues from quality papers. Moreover, we investigate in which sections of the paper tweets are included and what kinds of sources are quoted. Consequently, we present a typology of the functions tweets have in news reports. Reporters do include these utterances as either newsworthy or to support or illustrate a story. In some cases, individual tweets or interaction between various agents on Twitter even triggers news coverage. We argue that this new discursive practice alters the balance of power between journalists and sources.

What is the state of the research on crowdsourcing for policymaking? This article begins to answer this question by collecting, categorizing, and situating an extensive body of the extant research investigating policy crowdsourcing, within a new framework built on fundamental typologies from each field. We first define seven universal characteristics of the three general crowdsourcing techniques (virtual labor markets, tournament crowdsourcing, open collaboration), to examine the relative trade-offs of each modality. We then compare these three types of crowdsourcing to the different stages of the policy cycle, in order to situate the literature spanning both domains. We finally discuss research trends in crowdsourcing for public policy and highlight the research gaps and overlaps in the literature.

En la sociedad actual, donde el boom de las nuevas tecnologías globales y la consolidación de la industria de la información configuran la era de las comunicaciones masivas, los medios se están convirtiendo en el primer poder por su manejo y
posicionamiento en temas dirigidos a la opinión pública. Es decir lo que lee, ve y escucha la gente hoy, pasa por temas, personajes y hechos que los medios seleccionan
y lanzan como noticia.

Malaysia’s political landscape is facing one of the most fiercely contested elections in history, and you are able to witness this through the displays of hundreds of flags, buntings and banners as well as from the noisy ceramahs of the various parties vying for your vote. In a country where traditional media is predominantly state-owned, the online sites play an integral part in political realm in terms of providing Malaysians with an independent voice. The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of social media such as Facebook, blogs and YouTube accounts from the selected political parties during the election campaigning period. The results show that Facebook was the popular online site that mostly used by our political parties in order to reach out to their voters. Apart from that, YouTube was also an attractive tool for opposition political party like PKR in election campaigning period. Such approach gives an advantage to the opposition party to engage with the public more closely as video content viral well and very quickly. 

Keywords: Social media, Social Networking Sites (SNS), Malaysian general election, election campaign

Actores políticos y sociales de los telediarios: Una tarea pendiente de las televisoras mexicanas Political and social actors in TV news programmes. A challenge for Mexican TV channels FJ Martínez Garza [CV] [ ORCID] [ GS] Investigador. Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey (México) [email protected] RA González Macías [CV] [ ORCID] [ GS] Profesor Asistente. Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla (México) [email protected] OM Miranda Villanueva [CV] [ ORCID] [ GS] Profesor de Cátedra. Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey (México) [email protected] Abstracts [ES] Introducción: A pesar de que la televisión abierta es el principal medio de comunicación en México, su oferta informativa en el ámbito político es limitada; puesto que sus noticieros tienden a destacar la versión oficial por encima de otras fuentes de información. Metodología: Para demostrar lo anterior, se recurrió a un análisis de contenido en el que se midió cuáles son los personajes de la política nacional que destacan dichos programas, qué tan diversos son y con qué frecuencia son presentados. Además del tratamiento estadístico común en esta técnica, los resultados fueron sometidos al Índice Gini, que mide el grado de desigualdad en la distribución – en este caso – del tiempo otorgado a cada actor político. Resultados: Los resultados que se discutirán a lo largo de este texto indican que los personajes mayormente representados pertenecen al Gobierno Federal y, en menor medida, al Poder Legislativo y al Gobierno Estatal. Asimismo, y dado que es el partido gobernante, el Partido Revolucionario Institucional es el que mayor presencia tiene en comparación con los otros institutos políticos. Por tanto, no resulta inesperado que los principales temas abordados en las noticias hayan sido la economía, seguridad y política; puesto que son justamente los temas incluidos en la agenda de los actores políticos. Conclusiones: Esta

En el artículo se analiza la influencia del rumor en la construcción de la agenda mediática de la provincia de Camagüey, Cuba. Se identificaron y caracterizaron los rumores que alcanzaron relevancia en la agenda pública durante los meses de noviembre de 2013 a abril de 2014; también se estudió su empleo como fuente de información en los medios provinciales y las mediaciones que intervinieron en dicho proceso. Como técnicas de investigación, se emplearon la observación
participante y no participante, la entrevista semiestructurada y el análisis de contenido cualitativo. El principal resultado que se pudo constatar fue la poca importancia que se le concede a los rumores en la construcción de la agenda de los medios del territorio debido a la mediación de factores de tipo individual, organizacional e ideológico.

El presente estudio examinó la relación entre las entidades que fijaron la agenda durante la campaña del plebiscito por la paz en Colombia y el tema que se promovió en sus páginas oficiales de Facebook. Además se analizó si la interacción social estuvo influida por el tema promovido en estas, así como por la entidad que fijó la agenda. Se utilizó el método cuantitativo y se tomó una muestra de 58 post publicados por El Tiempo, El Colombiano, la Oficina del Alto Comisionado por la Paz y el Centro Democrático. En suma, se encontró que hay una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la entidad que fija la agenda y las variables tema de la agenda referidas a: acuerdos de paz; fin del conflicto e implementación, verificación y refrendación, lo que confirmó la H1 de la investigación. Con respecto a la H2 y H3 se encontró que la interacción social a través de las acciones de dar like y share no estuvo influenciada por el tema de la agenda, pero sí por la entidad que la fija. En concl...

Este estudio defiende que la cultura Do it yourself debe entenderse como un elemento que ha redefinido el escenario social y ha creado nuevas oportunidades para que el ciudadano pueda convertirse en un prosumidor de contenidos digitales. Sin embargo, estas transformaciones no resultan tan revolucionarias como auspician los optimistas digitales, sino que se trata, más bien, de un cambio ecológico. Con base en esta propuesta, el objetivo del presente trabajo se centra en justificar la necesidad de descartar las utópicas convicciones y esperanzas que todavía suscita la revolución digital con el fin de motivar una nueva visión, más reflexiva y realista, sobre cómo entender los cambios tecnológicos y su repercusión en la identidad del ciudadano. Para conseguir estos objetivos, se ha recurrido a la metodología de la revisión de la literatura con el fin de delimitar la temática a tratar y ofrecer un enfoque científico concreto desde el que analizar la tesis que se plantea en este estudio. ...

Using the case study of an internet protest video The French Democracy, this article demonstrates the process by which a counter-narrative of current events, though almost completely excluded from its broader national mainstream news, can in fact appear on a global mainstream news agenda, as well as produce cyber publics and counterpublics. It further demonstrates the difficulties of keeping a narrative or account of an event in tact once it starts broadly circulating and becomes re-presented, re-framed in various fragmentary ways, which in effect, rehearses some of the same criticisms of relations between sources and traditional media’s representation of them.  Thus, while new media cultural production allows technological access and agency, it certainly does not guarantee inter-media narrative fidelity; nor does it guarantee distribution or attention. Indeed, it demonstrates such DIY productions’ fragile and contingent conditions of appearance in a field of political and economic structures and information warfare.

Esta investigación analiza las condiciones contingentes que influyen en la relación entre las agendas mediáticas de los órganos de prensa provinciales de Santiago de Cuba y la agenda pública de la provincia durante los años 2014 y 2015 en el nivel de objetos y atributos en ambas dimensiones. Aplica un diseño mixto secuencial, se utilizan métodos como el de Análisis-síntesis y el Inductivo-deductivo, y técnicas como el análisis de contenido, la correlación de Spearman, la observación participante, los grupos de discusión y la encuesta. Con el estudio se demuestra la baja relación temática entre las agendas de los medios analizados y la agenda pública, lo que está determinado por la incidencia de factores de naturaleza psicológica y sociológica, como la necesidad de orientación, el tipo de temas, el interés por la información, el consumo mediático, entre otros.

This study uses the lenses of the stakeholder and the media agenda-setting theories to investigate the impact of community expectations on Corporate Community Involvement disclosures (CCID) in the annual reports of UK listed companies. Using content analysis and a panel study approach, we find no significant support for CCID/community expectation relationship even after controlling for the effect of firm-specific characteristics and CG variables. These findings may imply that CCID is rather encouraged because it enhances corporate reputations to the advantage of both managers and all stakeholders other than the community alone. Consequently, all parties are encouraged to support CCID initiatives. JEL classifications: M14; M41

The European Elections 2014 took place in the year of the tenth anniversary of Poland’s accession to the European Union (EU). It was the third European election to be held in Poland and the first since the Lisbon Treaty, which expanded the powers of the European Parliament (EP), entered into force.

El presente estudio muestra a partir de una metodologia mixta de investigacion una caracterizacion de la agenda de la corresponsalia de la Agencia Cubana de Noticias en Santiago de Cuba durante los anos 2014 y 2015, analizando ademas las influencias sobre el proceso de construccion de la agenda desde el punto de vista interno –ideologias profesionales, rutinas productivas, factores organizativos- y externo –relacion con las fuentes de informacion politicas e institucionales-. Para ello, se utilizaron metodos generales de la investigacion cientifica como el de analisis sintesis y el inductivo deductivo; y se emplearon tecnicas como la observacion participante, el analisis de contenido cuantitativo y el coeficiente de correlacion de Spearman. Ademas, para determinar las influencias sobre el contenido mediatico se realizaron entrevistas a los periodistas que laboran en la agencia y se realizo un grupo de discusion para triangular la informacion recabada con otras tecnicas aplicadas. El...

The article discusses the results of a study carried out within a broader research project on the crisis of communication in the EU. The aim of the project was to confirm or falsify a thesis on crisis of communication in the EU. The range of communication activities undertaken by the organisation’s structure was determined, communication strategy of the EU was studied, the use information channels, and the content of communications Polish media was analysed. The subject of this article is the image of the EU emerging in 2013 from “Newsweek Polska”, “Polityka” and “Wprost” and the convergence of their media content with the objectives of the EU information policy. Quantitative and qualitative content analyses were used as well as framing analysis, identifying the interpretation schemes used by journalists. Based on the agenda-setting theory the media agenda was set and juxtaposed with a timeline of events in the EU in year 2013.

This study examines the relation between the entities that set the agenda during the plebiscite campaign for peace in Colombia and the topic promoted on their official Facebook pages. In addition, it was analyzed whether the social interaction was influenced by the issue promoted in the official pages as well as by the entity that set the agenda. The quantitative method was used and a sample from 58 posts, published by El Tiempo and El Colombiano newspapers, the Office of the High Commissioner for Peace and the Centro Democratico political party, was taken. In conclusion, it was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between the entity that sets the agenda and the variables on the agenda referring to peace agreements, the end of the conflict, and the implementation , verification and validation, which confirmed H1 of this study. Regarding H2 and H3, this study found that social interaction based on actions using like and share was not influenced by the topic of the agenda, but it was influenced by the entity setting it. In conclusion, the study shows that social networks are enabling counter-hegemonic and/or minority groups agenda building, configuring in this way a more diverse plural, and contradictory mediated public sphere.

El presente estudio muestra a partir de una metodología mixta de investigación una caracterización de la agenda de la corresponsalía de la Agencia Cubana de Noticias en Santiago de Cuba durante los años 2014 y 2015, analizando además las influencias sobre el proceso de construcción de la agenda desde el punto de vista interno –ideologías profesionales, rutinas productivas, factores organizativos- y externo –relación con las fuentes de información políticas e institucionales-. Para ello, se utilizaron métodos generales de la investigación científica como el de análisis síntesis y el inductivo deductivo; y se emplearon técnicas como la observación participante, el análisis de contenido cuantitativo y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Además, para determinar las influencias sobre el contenido mediático se realizaron entrevistas a los periodistas que laboran en la agencia y se realizó un grupo de discusión para triangular la información recabada con otras técnicas aplicadas. El análisis efectuado reveló el carácter cíclico y relativamente estable de la agenda de la agencia y el número limitado de objetos ubicados en los lugares cimeros del listado temático. Se evaluó el proceso de construcción de la noticia desde las rutinas productivas, las ideologías profesionales y otros factores influyentes en el comportamiento de la agenda.

This paper illuminates a current issue related to reporting extremism and terrorism because the developments in the communication technology and the spawn of television stations that seek scoop have allowed the extremists and terrorists not only to transmit their messages, but also to recruit followers and entice supporters throughout the world. Owing to this emerged problem, this paper answers the following question: can the mainstream media televise extremism and terrorism and what is the suitable approach in this regard? To approach this question, this paper reviews the existing literature and debate related to reporting extremism and terrorism. Guided by agenda-setting theory, it adopts a qualitative approach and focuses in the analysis on two contemporary cases aired by Australian broadcasters to verify the argument that the media should be professional and responsible in the cases related to reporting extremism and terrorism. This paper concludes that the media may maximize the publicity of the extremists and terrorists and consequently it may allow them to achieve their agendas. Drawing on these findings, this paper develops models related to the significance of media to the extremists and terrorists and their targeted audiences. Thus, it presents a set of recommendations can be adopted by the media outlets when they report extremism and terrorism. INTRODUCTION The paradigm of airing the extremists and terrorists' activities, including interviewing their figures and advocates, relies on the editorial policies set by the media outlets on how to inform their audiences and achieve a scoop. Thus, many public media outlets consider the policy of their governments when they report extremism or terrorism or host their advocates. For example, when a former suspected terrorist appeared in Q&A program on Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) and quarrelled with a member in the Australian Parliament to provide irrational argument, the Australian Government denounced hosting of such figures and considered this act a betrayal of Australians and as a result it ordered an inquiry. In this regard, this paper discusses the right and responsibility of the mainstream media, particularly television, in reporting extremism and terrorism. Before delving in reviewing the literature to present the pro and con arguments, this paper distinguishes at the beginning between these two concepts. To achieve its aim, the paper reviews critically the existing literature on reporting extremism and terrorism, pointing to two cases from the Australian media outlets, particularly the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). This paper outlines three relevant media theories to reporting extremism and terrorism, concluding that the agenda-setting theory is the adopted one in this form of research