Intarnational Relations

After the 1998 tests, both India and Pakistan possess nuclear weapons, weapon usable material and signifi cant civilian and military nuclear infrastructure. Both are seriously engaged in revising their plans and refi ning their weapons and delivery systems. They are spending enormous sums on the production, deployment, targeting, defence, supervision and control of their nuclear weapons and delivery systems, as well as on the infrastructure that would generate the fi ssile material, warheads, aircraft, missiles and command and control systems necessary for their nuclear programmes. But they observe utmost secrecy in all these matters. Hence, it is very diffi cult to comparatively assess their nuclear programmes. Much of the available literature is speculative and unreliable, and requires careful examination. The article compares the two nuclear programmes in terms of their respective nuclearisation routes, motivations, weapons capabilities, inventories, nuclear doctrines, command and control and delivery systems.

In some nation often employers and employees based on mutual agreements and to
benefit from tax incentives to employers, and deferred income to employees; agree to
contribute to special pension plans design to enhance government mandated pensions with
the goal of increasing the quality of retirement life. While only some specific industries and
organizations offer these supplemental pension plans, these programs are becoming more
popular as means to attract quality employees that seek organizations with the best salaries
and benefits. Deferred salaries in the formed of stock actions can indirectly also be viewed
as a form of a pension plan. A warning about these programs is that a strong regulatory and
fiduciary system is indispensable otherwise employers or fiduciary agents can easily
evaporate with these funds. Models in the two extremes of these plans in the USA are:
a)bankrupted ENRON that had a substantial number of employees who agreed to stock
options as a form of employer sponsored retirement plan, and left many employees with
worthless stocks, the same happened to US steel industry employees; there are surely
examples of the worst supplemental pensions, and b) well-regulated municipal and state
pension programs with strong investment policies and high benefits, are a model of these
extra or supplemental pension plans.