Ground water samples

Introduction. The monitoring of heavy metals in the environment has been a subject of great concern over the last decade and will continue to be as there is an ever-increasing amount of metals that have to be found in the environment . As a result of industrial activities, metal mining, smelting and refining, atmospheric deposition, land application of sewage sludges and industrial by-products, gasoline processing, storage, and distribution as well as production of painting materials and their use can contribute to sources of heavy metal in the environment . Shaker and Saeed [4] investigated the pollutants levels including the accumulation of some heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium and lead) in the waters of northern Niles delta, Egypt. The mean values of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium and lead were 0.804, 0.177, 0.186, 0.244, 0.019 and 0.064 ppm respectively. When these values were compared with the international permissible limits, it was found that Fe, Mn, Cd and Pb in one lake were recorded at higher levels than the international limit, while Mn and Pb in the other lake were above the international levels. Hashem [5] investigated the levels of heavy metals (Al, Br, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe Pb and Zn) in soil and water samples. The mean concentrations of these heavy metals in soils were within the range reported earlier for some Saudi Arabian soils. Likewise, the concentrations of Br, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe Pb and Zn in the water were below the maximum levels of Saudi Arabian Standard Organization.

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this present study was to determine the concentration of chloride ions in the water sample which collected different sites and seasons of river Ganga. Chloride ions in the environment can come from sodium chloride or from other chloride salts such as potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride. Methodology: Water sample was collected from different sites (Bithor ghat,  Siddnath ghat and  Dhoni ghat)  and different seasons (Pre-monsoon,  Monsoon and post-monsoon)  of river  Ganga from  Kanpur in the 2016-2018  year. Mohr method (Argentometric method)  was a  very simple and highly selective method for the determination of chloride ion  (Cl-)  using silver nitrate as the titrant.
Main Findings: In both the years 2016 till 2018, chloride concentration was within the limit at testing sites.
Applications of this study: To create awareness among the people to maintain the Ganga river water at its highest quality and purity levels.
Originality: This project was done in the D G PG College C S J M University, Kanpur India.

In this work we carried out a brief study of water sample analysis after a torrential rain accompanied by a flash flood in August 2018 in Vadekkekara Panchayath in Ernakulam district which is one of the most flood hit areas in Kerala where our educational institution is situated. Our aim is to analyse the change in the quality of the water in different water sources after the flash flood. Water samples from tap, well and pond were collected and analysed for fifteen physio-chemical parameters for assessing the quality of water. The results obtained were then compared with Indian Standard Drinking Water specification IS: 10500-2012 and before flood analysed water sample values. The study of physico-chemical and biological characteristics of water sample suggests that water quality analysis must be carried out periodically before treatment to protect the water resources.