Fundamentals

Art is like Nature. It is everywhere. As we all are a part of nature, so are we all a part of Art. Like nature, we all see, perceive and feel Art in different and individual ways. For one person it can be superficial ornamentation, whereas for someone else it can be ethos of life. For a rambler artist, it becomes a soulful spiritual experience.

The most prominent and artistic art is Painting. If an artist is willing to create a painting, then it requires that cooperation of some of the main essential basics, medium or elements of painting , which can be followed to create a excellent painting.

The sprocket is a very vital component in the transmission of power and motion in most motorcycle; there is always a pair (rear and front) in a motorcycle. The front sprocket drives the rear sprocket via chain connection. They exist in various dimensions, teeth number and are made of different materials. This study involves the fundamentals of sprocket design and manufacturing of a Yamaha CY80 motorcycle rear sprocket through reverse engineering approach. It discusses dimensioning, drafting, chemical composition, material selection, choice of manufacturing process, heat treatment, surface finish and packaging as the eight steps that need to be followed sequentially in this reverse engineering approach. In this work, universal milling machine was used to produce the sprocket from the blanked medium carbon steel (AISI 1045) with chemical composition of C=0.45%, Mn=0.75%, P=0.03% max, S=0.04%. Induction heat treatment was applied to move the material hardness from 13 HRC to 45 HRC as shown by hardness test.

Medium-term and long-term priorities in ecological studies.
Ostroumov S.A., Dodson S.I., Hamilton D., Peterson S.A., Wetzel R.G.
Riv. Biol. 2003, 96(2):327-332.

List of research priorities for ecology and environmental science of 21st century. Executive summary that was developed by an international team of ecologists. A contribution to creating a basis for grant proposals, for evaluation of new results, for writing new reviews.

PMID: 14595906 [PubMed] [Priorities in ecology and environmental sciences]: http://www.scribd.com/doc/57124875/; http://www.scribd.com/doc/52655707/
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Published:

Ostroumov S.A., Dodson S., Hamilton D., Peterson S., WetzelR.G. Medium-term and long-term priorities in ecological studies // Rivista di Biologia / Biology Forum. 2003 (May). 96: 327-332.
.
Abstracts in Eng. and Italian (p. 332). Bibliogr. 20.
ref.www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14595906; PMID: 14595906 [PubMed - indexed forMEDLINE]
http://scipeople.com/uploads/materials/4389/3RivistaBio96Priorities2.rtf

Research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for the future are formulated.The priorities for both fundamental and applied ecology are proposed. The list of priorities includes 50 items. The priorities are relevant to terrestrial, aquatic, and generalecology. The list of priorities is helpful when grant proposals are being prepared,evaluated, and selected for funding.

KEY WORDS: priorities, fundamentals, ecology, environmental sciences, biosphericsciences, life and biomedical sciences, geosciences, ecosystems, biosphere, organisms,levels of life systems, man-made impacts, anthropogenic effects, terrestrial and aquatic,research topics
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Full text free [Rivista di Biologia]:
http://www.scribd.com/doc/52655707/
http://www.scribd.com/doc/57124875/
Also, the full text is here:
http://5bio5.blogspot.com/2012/08/priorities-in-ecological-studies-topics.html
indexed, Web of Science, PubMed;
PMID: 14595906 [PubMed]
The reference in a traditional format:
S.A. Ostroumov, S.I. Dodson, D. Hamilton, S.A. Peterson, and R.G. Wetzel. Medium-term and long-term priorities in ecological studies. - Rivista di biologia, 96(2):327–332, 2003.
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MEDIUM-TERM AND LONG-TERM PRIORITIES IN ECOLOGICALSTUDIES


1
, S. Dodson
2
, D. Hamilton
3
, S. Peterson
4
, R. G. Wetzel
5

1
current address: Laboratory of Physico-Chemistry of Biomembranes, Faculty of Biology,Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation;
2
Zoology-Birge Hall, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706,USA;
3
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105,Hamilton, New Zealand;
4
US EPA, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, WesternEcology Division, 200 SW 35th Street, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA;
5
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
Abstract:
Research priorities in ecology and environmental sciences for the future are formulated. The priorities for both fundamental and applied ecology are proposed. Thelist of priorities includes about 50 items. The priorities are relevant to terrestrial,aquatic, and general ecology. The list of priorities is helpful when grant proposals arebeing prepared, evaluated, and selected for funding.Keywords: ecology, environmental sciences, priorities, fundamental problems, topics forgrants, scientific policy

The sprocket is a very vital component in the transmission of power and motion in most motorcycle; there is always a pair (rear and front) in a motorcycle. The front sprocket drives the rear sprocket via chain connection. They exist in various dimensions, teeth number and are made of different materials. This study involves the fundamentals of sprocket design and manufacturing of a Yamaha CY80 motorcycle rear sprocket through reverse engineering approach. It discusses dimensioning, drafting, chemical composition, material selection, choice of manufacturing process, heat treatment, surface finish and packaging as the eight steps that need to be followed sequentially in this reverse engineering approach. In this work, universal milling machine was used to produce the sprocket from the blanked medium carbon steel (AISI 1045) with chemical composition of C=0.45%, Mn=0.75%, P=0.03% max, S=0.04%. Induction heat treatment was applied to move the material hardness from 13 HRC to 45 HRC as shown by hardness test.

A recent trend in conversation analytic studies is to explicate the development of a participant' s interactional competence over time. Revealing the developmental stages and the way interactional competence develops leads to pedagogical developments such as the construction of the evaluative framework and teaching materials. In this paper, we aim to explain the method and the value of longitudinal conversation analysis by investigating the actual data of one-to-one job interviews where a second-language English-speaking interviewer consecutively participated in interviews with 27 candidates. After illustrating the theory and the method of conversation analysis and the notion of interactional competence, previous longitudinal conversation analytic studies are reviewed. On the basis of the detailed analysis of the longitudinal data, we conclude with a discussion of the implications for pedagogical practices as well as with a suggestion for the data collection method.

The sprocket is a very vital component in the transmission of power and motion in most motorcycle; there is always a pair (rear and front) in a motorcycle. The front sprocket drives the rear sprocket via chain connection. They exist in various dimensions, teeth number and are made of different materials. This study involves the fundamentals of sprocket design and manufacturing of a Yamaha CY80 motorcycle rear sprocket through reverse engineering approach. It discusses dimensioning, drafting, chemical composition, material selection, choice of manufacturing process, heat treatment, surface finish and packaging as the eight steps that need to be followed sequentially in this reverse engineering approach. In this work, universal milling machine was used to produce the sprocket from the blanked medium carbon steel (AISI 1045) with chemical composition of C=0.45%, Mn=0.75%, P=0.03 % max, S=0.04%. Induction heat treatment was applied to move the material hardness from 13 HRC to 45 HRC as ...

The sprocket is a very vital component in the transmission of power and motion in most motorcycle; there is always a pair (rear and front) in a motorcycle. The front sprocket drives the rear sprocket via chain connection. They exist in various dimensions, teeth number and are made of different materials. This study involves the fundamentals of sprocket design and manufacturing of a Yamaha CY80 motorcycle rear sprocket through reverse engineering approach. It discusses dimensioning, drafting, chemical composition, material selection, choice of manufacturing process, heat treatment, surface finish and packaging as the eight steps that need to be followed sequentially in this reverse engineering approach. In this work, universal milling machine was used to produce the sprocket from the blanked medium carbon steel (AISI 1045) with chemical composition of C=0.45%, Mn=0.75%, P=0.03% max, S=0.04%. Induction heat treatment was applied to move the material hardness from 13 HRC to 45 HRC as s...

The purpose of this study was to assess the status of Dental Infection Control and Occupational Safety in India. 456 respondents (dentists) used this self-administered survey instrument containing about 96 variables. Over 95% of respondents felt that HIV and Hepatitis were infectious disease risks of concern and that infectious diseases were on the rise in India. Education and training in Dental Safety were lacking and that the latter are made mandatory in dental school curricula. Availability and access to safety materials and equipment were lacking in India and affordability was an issue. While respondents had adequate knowledge in the subject of infectious diseases, attitude (Stigma) towards treating infected patients was a negative factor with a significant number stating that double gloving was necessary, medical history dictated additional precautions and finally that care providers had the right to refuse care to Infectious patients. Although standards in Dental Safety are in place, implementation of educational (both didactic in schools and continuing education for practitioners) is a priority. Dental industry from within and outside India must play a role in this effort. In conclusion, significant structural and educational support activities are indicated with improvements in access and availability of materials and equipment to improve dental safety in India. Further, stigma of infectious diseases must be eradicated if not reduced towards infectious patients.