Etabs

The seismic analysis and design of buildings has traditionally focused in reducing the risk of loss of life in the largest expected earthquake. Building codes have based their provisions on the historic performance of buildings and their deficiencies and have developed provisions around life safety concerns. Hence successful performance of buildings in the area of high seismic is depends on a combination of strength, ductility and completely on lateral force resisting system. Deflection is the most important parameter to be considered in design and analysis of multi-storied buildings because excessive inter-storey seismic drift can cause severe damages in building during earthquake. It is found that medium to high rise structures, the intensity of axial forces and deformation
in columns and accumulation of their effects over a height can cause the flexural component of displacement to become dominant. So relative horizontal deflection within the building must be limited nearly 1.0% to 1.5% of storey height. This paper deals with the existing calculation methods with there merits/demerits to know the suitability in evaluating drift.

This paper aims at studying the effect of earthquake loading on the constructional design of a 20-storey reinforced concrete residential building from economical point of view. This type of loading should be taken into considerations now in Iraq especially after the earthquake of 7.3 magnitude that occurred in November 2017 near the city of Halabja by about 31 kilometers. The same reinforced concrete multistory building was designed twice; once with traditional gravity dead and live loading and the second with adding earthquake loading in order to discuss the difference from structural and economical points of view. A commercial package ETABS2018 was used to analyze this 60-meter-high building. The building was analyzed according to the American code ASCE7-10, while it was designed according to ACI 318-14. A huge increase in the steel reinforcement amounts in columns, beams, slabs and shear walls were recorded due to taking the seismic load into considerations. More specifically, the reinforcing steel amounts increased by about 327%, 165%, 40% and 91.3% for columns, beams, slabs and shear walls, respectively. Therefore, cost was raised by about 328%, 165%, 40% and 91.3% for columns, beams, slabs and shear walls, respectively. It is worth to mention here that the maximum increase in main reinforcement of beams was observed on the storey 10. Whereas, in slabs, the maximum increase that was recorded in main steel reinforcement was happened from the storey 8 to the building top. In columns, the main reinforcement increase was seen on the 9 th , 10 th and 11 th storeys. Finally, in shear walls, the main reinforcement increase was seen in the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd storey due to effect lateral shear forces.

Reinforcement concrete structure frame system widely used around the world. In building structure, structure element is generally taken as Beam, column, foundation. The dead & live load is transforming from beam to column, column to footing then ultimately load distributed into the soil. During the analysis of frame structure, we consider wall as non-structural element. But including walls in the structure analysis is play important role. This study deals with the examination of the impact of infill in structure and their behaviour in structure. In present situation high rise building constructed with the various type of infill wall materials. Some of them generally use for example Red brick, AAC wall, Hollow concrete block, lightweight Aluminium & Steel panels. So three types of modal create on ETABS software. In this study 9 storey high rise building is modal in ETABS with taken 3 infill materials like Fly Ash ,AAC block and Hollow concrete block taken for study which on the most critical earthquake zone IV analysis (Dynamic) is done using ETABS, soil properties assumed medium and importance factor is taken 1.2. The all three infill wall models compare with the basic design parameter like moment, shear force, displacement and as well as earthquake parameter like story drift, story shear etc. The all three models that I passed under seismic loading helped me to reach the conclusion on how all three models perform in the case of seismic loading. And by comparing the percentage growth in the bending moment we can decide the most efficient building against the dynamic loading. Because the AAC block has the lowest density hence it should have the least moment generated compared to other bricks almost 20-30 percent difference is expected.

As by the past attacks on structures being subjected to blast load, they have gained huge importance due to the accidental events or natural events. Generally, we as of now for the conventional structures do not designed for blast load due to the reason that the magnitude of load by blast is very huge, and also the cost of design and construction is very high. Design and Structural Evaluation for the Building systems which is being subjected to a blast load forms a very important task of the present generation. Unlike the earthquake design, blast resistant design is a new concept that has now gained a huge importance in order to make structures safe again blast effect. The present study is concerned with comparative analysis of blast load and earthquake load with the variations in the building floors. In this study we analysed the buildings with different floor numbers for blast loads and earthquake loads in particular directions to obtain comparative results. The blast parameters are obtained from the Is codes and same magnitude to earthquake load is applied. The analysis and the results are obtained from the ETABS software. The comparative results are considered in the study for different parameters as base shear, max moments, Shear and other parameters. The results help to understand the effects that would be caused by the loads acting such as, type of blast load and earthquake loads and their comparative results would help us to understand how a structure acts for same earthquake and blast loads and how will the structure behave for the cases. Keywords: Blast load, earthquake load, ETABS, base shear, max moments and shear I. INTRODUCTION The increased cases of terrorist attacks in the previous years has shown us that the effect of blast loads on buildings is a very serious matter that should be taken into account for the analysis and design process. The terrorist attacks on buildings has become an emerging issue for every country now. Hence by providing security to the residents of the building against terrorist attacks is gaining importance day by day. It includes prevention, prediction & lessening of such kind of acts. Although these kind of attacks are very rare cases, man-made disasters; blast loads are in fact dynamic loads that is needed to be carefully calculated just like earthquake, wind loads and other load. Damage to the property, social panic and loss of life are the main factors that are affected by the threat of any terrorist action. Designing the structures to be fully blast resistant is not a realistic and economical option, however with the modern civil engineering knowledge and experiences designing a building to be blast resistant within considerable limits will be very much possible. An explosive can be a solid or liquid substance, or mixture of substances, which on the application of a suitable impetus to a small portion of explosive's mass, is converted in a very short interval of time into other more stable substances which forms a largely or entirely gaseous, with the development of a high temperature and pressure. And similarly the Earthquake is also a dynamic effect and is a natural disaster, for long times we have been designing for the Earthquake loads and this are also very important for consideration. The earthquake loads are assumed as per the previous occurrence and the zone are being divided on the basis of the effect of the earthquake in that area. The Earthquake can be of dynamic nature of any type and can be even hazardous that other loads. Thus it is very important to understand the effect of building under blast load and also for an earthquake load in so as to protect a structure against its effect.

Performance based design explicitly evaluate how a building is likely to perform given the potential hazard it is likely to experience , considering uncertainties inherent in the quantification of potential hazard and uncertainties in assessment of the actual building response. It is an iterative process that begins with selection of performance objective, followed by the development of a preliminary design assessment as to whether or not the design meets the performance objective and finally redesign and reassessment if required until the desired performance level is achieved. In present study two R.C. buildings, one rectangular and one square in plan are analyzed using pushover analysis and redesigning by changing the reinforcement in columns. The pushover analysis is carried out using Etabs 2015. A Six storied buildings are considered to be located in Zone IV with Hard soil strata Mrs. Sonal S. Ambhaikar | Mr. Satyajit D.Patil | Mrs. Rajbansi S Kognole"Performance Based Seis...

A floating column is supposed to be a vertical member starting from foundation level and transferring the load to the ground. In India many of the buildings are constructed with floating column. Floating columns are adopted in order to provide spacious hall and other amenities. The seismic forces generated at different floor level of the building need to be carried out to the foundation by shortest possible way which may not be the case when floating columns are provided. Providing floating columns may satisfy some of the functional requirements but structural behaviour changes abruptly due to provisions of floating columns. In this study analysis of RC structures with floating column in different seismic zones using ETABS is studied. The building is modelled using ETABS software. The models are G+10 RC buildings whereas, one is regular structure and others are structures with floating columns provided in different stories. In this thesis parameters such as storey displacement, storey shear and storey drift are computed using ETABS and the values extracted are compared with each other.

Steel-concrete-composite buildings are formed by connecting the steel beams with concrete slab or profiled deck slab with the help of mechanical shear connectors so that slab and beam act as a single unit. In the present work, options of construction of (B+G+11storey) commercial building, situated in Kolhapur, with steel-concrete-composite and RCC are studied and compared with each other. Equivalent linear Static Method of Analysis explained in ETABS version 15 software is used and results are compared for different parameters. Comparative parameter includes roof deflections, base shear, storey drifts, for the building and axial forces and bending moments for column’s and beams at different level. It is observed that steel-concretecomposite building is found to be more safe and economical and better option.

Shear walls generally used in high earth quake prone areas, as they are highly efficient in taking the loads. Not only the earthquake loads but also wind loads which are quite high in some zones can be taken by these shear walls efficiently and effectively. To determine the solution for shear wall location in multi-storey building based on its both elastic and elasto-plastic behaviors. The earthquake load is to be calculated and applied to a multi-storied building of plan 26mx26m and 10 no. of (G+9) floors with 40 meters height. For this model, results are calculated and analysed for the effective location of shear wall. The design above is verified for this same structure using extended three dimensional analysis of buildings (ETABS) software. The results are compared.

In the building having open ground storey has a problem with sudden changes in the stiffness of the building height and that usually consider that storey enough flexible as compared to the other storey. But in such buildings it was found that the beams, columns and slab have more stress and bending moment values as compared to the other buildings. Therefore the infill wall should be constructed so that the building shall sustain the lateral loadings due to the earthquake. Therefore the analysis is to be carried out in the software to get the proper results. The present study deals with the modeling of the reinforced concrete structure with infill walls in the software. The results shall be studied for the fully infill wall, partially infill walls and without infill wall.

The behavior of lateral forces on multi-storied frame structures is a specific area on which considerable research has been done over the last few decades. Several recent experiences have brought the attention of the engineers to such forces which are often significant enough to govern the design criteria. In Pakistan, the developmental research has gained utmost importance after the catastrophe of Earthquake events in recent years.

Now a day the number of buildings are constructed and designed on the basis of architectural requirement and aesthetic view. Most of buildings are constructed in some spatial configuration like X shape, V shape with x and y coordinates non parallel to the structure. Earthquake is causing more damage to different configuration of building and their main problem is in the slenderness ratio. The main goal of this project is to make a comparative study of dynamic behavior of buildings with different configuration of structure in all seismic zones and different types of soils. In this study, a spatial configuration structure of 20stories up to 70m height of each storey height of 3.5m, with Shear wall and bracing at a different location in building is considered. The dynamic behavior of the building in all seismic zones II, III, IV, V and on different types of soil say hard, medium and soft soil was studied .The structure has outer periphery beams carrying R.C Shear wall of 200 mm thickness. The response spectrum analysis was carried out by using software of ETAB's version 9.7.4.considering bracing and shear wall at a different location in the building. The following seismic parameters were analyzed and the behavior of the structure was studied in detail.

There has been a growth in extensive research aimed at examining the effects of seismic events on the performance of a structure. Buildings have a tendency to exhibit inelastic deformation in during seismic activities and post-elastic behavior. Hence, better insights of the performance of structure can be obtained by examining its post-elastic behavior. Non-linear static analysis (also known as Pushover Analysis) is an improved and effective modern way of examining structural performance in the event of potential seismic impact. Such an approach involves horizontally pushing a structure using a predetermined loading pattern which constantly increases over time thereby making it possible to determine the collapse conditions, associated lateral displacement and total applied shear force. It offers a sound Perception of Structural Performance against earthquake as well as damages suffered. Thus, pushover analysis makes it feasible to ascertain the responsive behavior of buildings in non-linear zones which is not catered for by conventional elastic designs.

1.-3.1 En seguida se presenta el número de terremotos ocurridos en cada una de las horas lunares durante cierto tiempo. i) ∑ í µí±¥ í µí±– 2 5 í µí±–=1 = 0 2 + 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 = 0 + 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 = 30 j) (∑ í µí±¥ í µí±– 5 í µí±–=1) 2 = (0 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4) 2 = (10) 2 = 100 k) ∑ í µí±¥ í µí±– í µí±¦ í µí±– 8 í µí±–=4 = (3)(5) + (4)(8) + (5)(5) + (6)(8) + (7)(6) = 15 + 32 + 25 + 48 + 42 = 162 l) (∑ í µí±¥ í µí±– 8 í µí±–=4)(∑ í µí±¦ í µí±– 8 í µí±–=4) = (3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7)(5 + 8 + 5 + 8 + 6)

The present scenario aims to construction tall building in a pollution free areas and also friendly environment, people focusing on a rural areas to be developed as all the offices and commercial places are constructed nearby so, with this issue the rural areas observed to be having Low SBC and structural engineers are aimed to have pile foundation and other hydraulics jack dampers technology to make the structures determinate and stiffened. This terminology has proved that the tall buildings using these methods are structurally strong and durable to resist the lateral loads such as seismic, wind, etc. Indian cities are observing a massive expansions due to construction of multinational companies in rural areas aiming for pollution and environmental free campuses leading urban trend & housing demand etc. considering economy of a project, I have been focused on a 40 floors commercial project on a low SBC and carried out with etabs and safe foundation software's on raft foundation & different environment conditions on earthquake and wind parameters. The title named " Design of Tall Building under Low SBC using ETABS and Safe " .

In the study, three dimensional analytical models of G+ 15 story buildings have been generated and analysed using CSI ETABS software version 2016. The earthquake zone III in India is considered for buildings during analysis. The foundation of a building is a substructure through which the entire load of structure is transmitted to its underneath soil. Here, the analysis and design is done of G+15 story building with and without base isolation system. For the analysis in this paper, base isolation system lead rubber bearing (LRB) is used as it is most widely used as isolation system for buildings. Comparison of various parameters like story drift, story shear, story displacement, story stiffness and time period is done. The study shows that maximum story drift is observed at first story for isolated base as compared to fixed base; story displacements is observed linearly increasing with height of the building.

: In the study, three dimensional analytical models of G+20 story buildings have been generated and analysed using CSI ETABS software version 2016. The earthquake zone III in India is considered for buildings during analysis. Here, the analysis and design is done of G+20 story building with flat slab(with drops) and conventional slab system. In earthquake zone the displacement and drift of the structures will be more so to have more stiffness to the structure shear wall is to be provided therefore a study is made by comparing between conventional slab & flat slab (with drops) building. Comparison of various parameters like story drift, story displacement, story stiffness and time period is done. The equivalent static method is used to design and analyze the structures, as categorized by Indian Standard Code for earthquake resistant structures. The study shows that story drift is 10% more in conventional slab as compared to flat slab; story displacements is observed linearly increasing with height of the building and is 11% more in conventional slab as compared to flat slab . Keywords: Equivalent Static Method, Flat Slab, ETABS 2016, story displacement, story stiffness, story drift, time period

At present buildings with floating column is a typical feature in the modern multistory construction in urban India. There are many projects in which floating columns are adopted, especially above the ground floor, where transfer girders are employed, so that more open space is available in the ground floor. As the load path in the floating columns is not continuous, they are more vulnerable to the seismic activity. Sometimes, to meet the requirements these type of aspects cannot be avoided though these are not found to be of safe. Hence, an attempt is taken to study the behavior of a G+15 multi storey building in which some storey’s are considered for commercial purpose and remaining storey’s are for residential purpose. This paper studies the comparison & seismic analysis of the multistory buildings with floating column and without floating column. Finally, analysis & results in the high rise building such as storey drifts, storey displacement, and Base shear were shown in this study. Design and Analysis was carried out by using Extended Three Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems (ETABS) Software.

In the early structures at the beginning of the 20th century, the building height is observed more and more slender,
and more susceptible to sway and hence dangerous in the earthquake and the world’s population growth rate is increasing day
by day. Meeting to the demands of population growth, the decrease of available free land and increase of land prices especially
in urban areas has tended to develop buildings vertically.it has been a task of a structural engineer to come out with a good
structural system. In the seismic design of the buildings, reinforced concrete structural walls or shear-wall, act as major
earthquake resisting members. Structural walls provide an efficient bracing system and offer great potential for lateral load
resistance. In the present study, various lateral load resistance systems have been introduced that can inhibit lateral forces which
improves the strength and stiffness of column such as Shear wall system, Tube system, Beam Column System & Diagrid System.

ETABS stands for Extended Three dimensional Analysis of Building Systems. ETABS is commonly used to analyze: Skyscrapers, parking garages, steel & concrete structures, low and high rise buildings, and portal frame structures. The case study in this paper mainly emphasizes on structural behavior of multi-storey building for different plan configurations like rectangular, C, L and I-shape. Modelling of 15-storeys R.C.C. framed building is done on the ETABS software for analysis. Post analysis of the structure, maximum shear forces, bending moments, and maximum storey displacement are computed and then compared for all the analyzed cases.

Steel-concrete-composite buildings are formed by connecting the steel beams with concrete slab or profiled deck slab with the help of mechanical shear connectors so that slab and beam act as a single unit. In the present work, options of construction of (B+G+11storey) commercial building, situated in Kolhapur, with steel-concrete-composite and RCC are studied and compared with each other. Equivalent linear Static Method of Analysis explained in ETABS version 15 software is used and results are compared for different parameters. Comparative parameter includes roof deflections, base shear, storey drifts, for the building and axial forces and bending moments for column’s and beams at different level. It is observed that steel-concretecomposite building is found to be more safe and economical and better option.

ETABS stands for Extended Three dimensional Analysis of Building Systems. ETABS is commonly used to analyze: Skyscrapers, parking garages, steel & concrete structures, low and high rise buildings, and portal frame structures. The case study in this paper mainly emphasizes on structural behavior of multi-storey building for different plan configurations like rectangular, C, L and I-shape. Modelling of 15-storeys R.C.C. framed building is done on the ETABS software for analysis. Post analysis of the structure, maximum shear forces, bending moments, and maximum storey displacement are computed and then compared for all the analyzed cases.

The Seismic analysis of an Underground water tank with reinforced concrete staging structure is analyzed in this paper, UG tank are used for storage of fluid for different use as per requirement. As we know that earth quake can occurring any time anywhere which may cause a saviour damage to our structure which may leads to loss of economy and life. To reduce Effect and minimize the consequence of seismic wave we may design our structure according to IS code provision.The time-history assessment study, carried out by a detailed finite element simulation of the UG water tank. For the study of nonlinear dynamic analysis we have used SAP 2000 software for different seismic intensity.The result of the study shows the deflected shape of tank at different condition considered as empty and full. Time history method becomes necessary to ensure safety against earthquake forces.

A floating column is supposed to be a vertical member starting from foundation level and transferring the load to the ground. In India many of the buildings are constructed with floating column. Floating columns are adopted in order to provide spacious hall and other amenities. The seismic forces generated at different floor level of the building need to be carried out to the foundation by shortest possible way which may not be the case when floating columns are provided. Providing floating columns may satisfy some of the functional requirements but structural behaviour changes abruptly due to provisions of floating columns. In this study analysis of RC structures with floating column in different seismic zones using ETABS is studied. The building is modelled using ETABS software. The models are G+10 RC buildings whereas, one is regular structure and others are structures with floating columns provided in different stories. In this thesis parameters such as storey displacement, storey shear and storey drift are computed using ETABS and the values extracted are compared with each other.

Considerable improvement in earthquake resistant design has been observed in recent past.

As a result, Indian seismic code IS: 1893 has also been revised in year 2016, after a gap of 14 years. This paper presents the seismic load estimation for multistorey buildings as per IS: 1893-2002 and IS: 1893-2016 recommendations. The method of analysis and design of multi-storey (G+4) residential building located in zone III, IV. The scope behind presenting this project is to learn relevant Indian standard codes are used for design of various building element such as beam, column, slab, foundation and stair case using a software E-tab under the seismic load and wind load acting the structure. We have to find out the values in project base shear, time period, maximum story displacement.

The Nepal(Gorkha) earthquake (Mw=7.8) of April 25, 2015 caused widespread damages that took many lives, ruptured lands and damaged many buildings, heritages and monuments. The disaster turned out to be perilous for many non-engineered masonry structures in rural part of the country. Nepal being a developing country, most of the rural houses are non-engineered. The seismic vulnerability of these types of buildings is presumed to be very high. As Nepal, lying in a very high seismic zone, an immediate attention is imperative to improve the seismic resilience of such buildings.
To qualify the status and seismic resistivity of these buildings a typical building is to be taken and computer modeled. The modeled building is to be simulated at various magnitude of earthquake and the effects are to be noted and studied. This simulation shows the seismic resistivity and failure of the buildings at various points. These weak points are to be identified and retrofitted by using various available methods.

During past earthquakes column plastic hinges are more prominent than beam hinges which gives rise to global structural damage and high life threatening risk. All the structural components transfers their forces through column and column than shares it with foundation to soil, so u can imagine if column fails whole structure can collapse this is strong beam weak column concept. By making column more moment resistant than beams the plastic hinges shifts to beam and avoids the global damage in this case only beam will show flexure as a sign of beam damage and the people will have adequate time to evacuate the place and beam failure will only limit to a particular storey. This concept is strong column weak beam. In this paper three RC frame of 5, 8 and 12 storey height are investigated for strong column weak beam concept for zone 5 and medium soil and moment capacities are checked as per IS1893:2016. For checking the performance of plastic hinges of column and beam non linear static analysis (pushover analysis) is done in ETABS 2016 these hinges are checked and verified according to acceptance criteria given in FEMA 356. Base shear and performance point with displacement is checked for all frames.

The main purpose of using software's for design and analysis of multistoried building is to save time and to start the construction work with in the earliest time with accuracy. ETABS software is widely used today for design and analysis of multistoried building for its more accurate performance compared to other software's performance. In the ancient times the designers used manual calculation process to design a building. It took a lot of time to make analysis and design of a structure as well as a lot of money for the designers for their hard effort. Today's practice is to provide a design as quickly as possible. In that respect accuracy is also an important criterion that should also be within the permissible limit. This paper discusses the analysis of a four storied building (G+3) and how much we can rely on this software (ETABS) for using building analysis and design. It is found that ETABS always shows slightly higher value for all types of load, moment and shear calculation compared to manual calculations. This is why ETABS is safe to use for the analysis purpose of multistoried building.

The large ductility and the high strength to width ratio of structural steel make it an ideal material for earthquake resistance. In general, steel buildings are more flexible than RCC buildings, but they also display more lateral displacement than RCC buildings.

Perencanaan Struktur Gedung Ruang Belajar Sekolah Menengah Atas
3 Lantai Di Provinsi Riau

Rani Youlanda Sihombing
Program Studi Teknik Sipil D3, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Riau

ABSTRAK

Struktur yang direncanakan adalah balok, kolom, pelat dan tangga. Sistem struktur adalah Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Biasa dengan sistem metode kuat ultimit. Pembebanan dilakukan meliputi beban gravitasi dan beban gempa statik ekuivalen, yang mana termasuk wilayah gempa 3 dan tanah lunak. Mutu material yang digunakan adalah beton 25 MPa, baja 400 MPa dan 240 MPa. Analisis struktur secara keseluruhan dilakukan dengan 3D menggunakan program ETABS. Software lain yang digunakan ialah Pca Col, SAP 2000, dan SAFE 8.1. Proses perencanaan struktur dan penggambaran detail penampang elemen dan struktur mengikuti SNI 03-1726-2002, SNI 03-2847-2002, dan SNI 1727-1989 menghasilkan elemen struktur balok dan kolom menggunakan tulangan baja berdiameter 22 mm sedangkan pelat dan tangga memakai tulangan baja dengan diameter 10 mm.

Kata Kunci : Struktur Bangunan, Beton, Baja Tulangan, Beban, Elemen Struktur

The metal structures which keep the cable off the bottom are power transmission towers. Earlier, transmission tower have been analyzed and designed by the manual calculation based on 2d stress analysis or stress diagram procedure which is very tedious and time taking process. In the present there is highly sophisticated software had been developed. Generally most of transmission tower are fabricated from hot-rolled steel angles. Emerging from the olden times when the utilization of manual calculations was predominant, the utilization of varied software's and learning of an equivalent has become much easier and important. Big construction firms and ventures have moved their approach and have started using them for design purposes This paper mainly considers upon the comparison of study obtained from the design of Transmission line Tower structures using these user friendly software's. In this paper, comparison of software's results with the manual calculations of a transmission tower designed as per IS 800:2007 using limit state method. In this paper the software STAAD Pro v8i and E Tab used.

Building structures are analyzed in a single step using linear static analysis on the assumption that the structures are subjected to full load once the whole structure is constructed completely. In reality the dead load due to the each structural components and finishing items are imposed in separate stages as the structures are constructed story by story for nonlinear behavior of materials. In sequential analysis there is involvement of several important steps which usually are not included during the general linear static analysis. To obtain the effects of construction sequential analysis of each storey is done with the preceding storeys in such a way that the assignment of vertical loads is done from the base of the entire structure till that particular floor. Ultimately the results will signify the response of the building structure up to that floor. As the similar procedure is followed by every storey of the building the thorough sequential effects can be pictured. In this thesis the structures of both RCC
And steel with floating column and RCC model with shear wall with dead load case have been taken for sequential analysis. The analysis outcome will help to understand how the behavior of structure going to response with Construction Sequence Analysis and linear static analysis with vertical discontinuity in the structure. As it is observed from the results that the deflection of the beam under floating column in construction sequence analysis is 97% more than the deflection developed in linear static analysis for final stage i.e. when loaded for all twelve storeys. It is found from the results that shear force in beam under floating column in construction sequence analysis is 77% More than the shear force developed in linear static analysis for final stage i.e. when Loaded for all twelve storeys and it is also observed that the bending moments in the beam in construction sequence analysis is 117% more than the bending moments developed in linear static analysis for final stage i.e. when loaded for all twelve storeys.

Keywords- Lateral loads, High-rise buildings, Indian code, ETABS, Shear wall, Construction Sequence Analysis, LSA-Linear Static Analysis, CSA-Construction Sequence Analysis.

Hollow (Box-type) reinforced concrete beams and columns help in decreasing superstructure weight and hence seismic mass is minimized as compared to conventional solid reinforced concrete beams and columns.  ETABS is commonly used to analyses: Skyscrapers, parking garages, steel & concrete structures, low and high rise buildings, and portal frame structures. The case study in this paper mainly emphasizes on structural behavior of R.C.C. framed building having hollow and solid reinforced concrete members. Modelling of 3-storey R.C.C. framed building is done on the ETABS software for analysis. Post analysis of the structure, maximum shear forces, bending moments, and maximum storey displacement are computed and then compared for all the analyzed cases. The results indicated that the drop in storey shear, overturning moment etc. in case of hollow members as compared to solid members in R.C.C. framed building.

In the recent years, due to lack of land the construction of high rise buildings widely increases. And these buildings are affected by lateral loads due to wind or earthquake. To resist these lateral loads lots of construction methods are available. Diagrid structural system is one of the most effective systems due to its efficiency and flexibility in architectural planning. In this system peripheral columns of the building are eliminated and this constructs the main difference between diagrid and orthogonal structure. The present work is made for studying the response of high rise building with different diagrid structural system. To this aim response of four different diagrid structures of (G+30) storey are carried out to obtain optimized position of diagrid. And response of this diagrid building is compared with conventional building by providing same parameters to both the buildings. The analysis of the building is carried out by using ETABS software. The results obtained in terms storey displacement.

In the present situation of metropolitan urban areas tall structures are assuming an imperative part as there is lack of area. Step by step trek in the area rates are confronting interest for the tall structures. So as to complete activities of tall structures part of basic investigation should be finished. As the tallness of the structure builds, the lateral strengths like quake and wind powers overwhelm. The primary point of the present Paper is to excuse the position for the shear wall for a G+9 Residential building by considering the heap case such quake, twist by Response spectrum method for different type of buildings, for example, Symmetric building, Plan irregular building and with RC surrounded structures by finding the shear walls at distinctive positions, for example, Shear wall at the internal center of the model, Shear wall at the fringe side edges and Shear wall at the corner edges for all the structures by considering the parameters like Maximum Story Displacements and Maximum story Drifts investigating both by the static and element examination systems by the procurement of programming bundle ETABS-2013.

Buckling of thin-walled and load-bearing elements of a structure can have devastating consequences. Hence, buckling checks are an integral part of strength analysis of structures. The buckling problem of thin rectangular plates subjected to in-plane com-pressive and/or shear loading is of great importance in building, bridge, aerospace, marine, and shipbuilding industries. When buckling occurs, thin plates undergo large out-of-plane deflections, which in turn results in the development of large bending stresses and eventually complete failure of the structure. This paper deals with the buckling stability assessment of uniaxially-compressed plates with different support conditions within the framework of classical plate theory. The main objective of this research is to explore some uncovered aspects of buckling stability of plates by considering the effects of support conditions, aspect ratio, and slenderness ratio, which will consequently result in efficient design of such thin-walled structures. To this end, in addition to validation of the numerical simulation, some case studies have been performed in order to gain a better understanding of different aspects of buckling stability of such thin-walled structures.

The collapsed of any building is due to the loss of one or a few structural components which then progresses over the successive other components. This process is called as progressive collapse of the structure. Progressive collapse is the process of extensive failure initiated by local structural damage, or a chain reaction of failures. Local damage that initiates progressive collapse is called initiating damage. Progressive collapse can be triggered by many different actions and the prediction of such abnormal actions is very difficult and depends on many factors Hence, there occurs the loss in load-carrying capacity of the small portion of a structure due to abnormal or haphazard load which progresses in series of failures of other components and thus the collapse of the building take place. Therefore, a typical analysis approach for determining robustness against the local failure and accidental occurrences for a RC framed structure has been attempted in this study to evaluate the demand capacity ratio and robustness to evaluate the safety of the structure, which reckons as a fundamental step in decision-making. A finite element model has been developed for the 12 storey building. Then the analysis of reinforced concrete framed structure under critical column removal has been carried using the linear and non-linear static analysis methods as per the guidelines provided in GSA (2003) and FEMA: 356 guidelines respectively taking into consideration provisions of IS1893:2002 codes to simulate dynamic collapse problems using ETABS software v16.2.1 (software for modelling or analysis of structure) to assess the vulnerability to progressive collapse.

Abstract: Progressive collapse is a chain reaction of failures that propagates either throughout or a portion of the structure disproportionate to the original local failure. The progressive collapse of building structure is initiated when one or more vertical load carrying members are removed. Once a column is removed or made weak, due to man-made or natural hazards, load carried by column removed is transferred to neighbouring columns in the structure, if the neighbouring column is incapable of withstanding the extra load, leads to the progressive failure of adjoining members and finally to the failure of partial or whole structure. The collapsing system continually seeks alternative load paths in order to survive. One of the important characteristics of progressive collapse is that the final damage is not proportional to the initial damage. The research material available for progressive collapse failure of structures suggests that buildings designed to resist seismic actions have good robustness against progressive collapse. However, no detailed investigations have been conducted so far to assess this robustness. Hence this study is made to examine the potential ability of seismically designed building against progressive collapse.
A twelve storey reinforced concrete framed structure was considered in the study to evaluate the Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR), the ratio of the member force and the member strength as per U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) guidelines. The Linear static analysis is carried out using software, ETABS according to Indian Standard codes. Analysis and design is carried out to get the final output of design details. To study the collapse, typical columns are removed one at a time, and continued with analysis and design. Many such columns are removed in different trials to know the effects of progressive analysis. Member forces and reinforcement details are calculated. From the analysis, DCR values of columns and beams are calculated.
Keywords:  Progressive Collapse, Demand Capacity ratio (DCR), U. S. General services administration (GSA) Guidelines, ETABS.
Title: Progressive Collapse Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Framed Structure
Author: Raghavendra C, Mr. Pradeep A R
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research
ISSN 2348-7607 (Online)
Research Publish Journals

The collapsed of any building is due to the loss of one or a few structural components which then progresses over the successive other components. This process is called as progressive collapse of the structure. Progressive collapse is the process of extensive failure initiated by local structural damage, or a chain reaction of failures. Local damage that initiates progressive collapse is called initiating damage. Progressive collapse can be triggered by many different actions and the prediction of such abnormal actions is very difficult and depends on many factors Hence, there occurs the loss in load-carrying capacity of the small portion of a structure due to abnormal or haphazard load which progresses in series of failures of other components and thus the collapse of the building take place. Therefore, a typical analysis approach for determining robustness against the local failure and accidental occurrences for a RC framed structure has been attempted in this study to evaluate the demand capacity ratio and robustness to evaluate the safety of the structure, which reckons as a fundamental step in decision-making. A finite element model has been developed for the 12 storey building. Then the analysis of reinforced concrete framed structure under critical column removal has been carried using the linear and non-linear static analysis methods as per the guidelines provided in GSA (2003) and FEMA: 356 guidelines respectively taking into consideration provisions of IS1893:2002 codes to simulate dynamic collapse problems using ETABS software v16.2.1 (software for modelling or analysis of structure) to assess the vulnerability to progressive collapse.

This paper presents the design application and reinforcement detailing of 15 storied reinforced concrete shear wall-frame structure based on linear static analysis. Databases are generated for section sizes based on automated structural optimization method utilizing Active-set Algorithm in MATLAB platform. The design constraints of allowable section sizes, capacity criteria and seismic provisions for static loads, combination of gravity and lateral loads are checked and determined based on ASCE 7-10 documents and ACI 318-14 design provision. The result of this study illustrates the efficiency of proposed method, and is expected to provide a useful reference in designing of RC shear wall-frame structures.

— The present study primarily focuses on the construct of Open Ground Storey (OGS) building. The collapse mechanism of such style of building is preponderantly owing to the formation of soft-storey behavior within the ground storey of this kind of building the IS 1893 code was revised in 2002, Incorporating new recommendations to handle OGS Frame buildings. in line with this clause 7.10.3(a) of a seismic code states: " The columns and beams of the soft-storey area unit to be designed for the multiplication factor of 2.5 times the structure shears and moments calculated foer seismic loads of bare frame ". The given multiplication factor (MF) of 2.5, applicable for all OGS framed buildings, However as knowledgeable by the engineer during the design, MF of 2.5 in not realistic for low and medium rise buildings. This calls for assessment and review of the code suggested multiplication factor for low rise and medium rise Open Ground Storey buildings. The objective of the paper is to check the applicability of the multiplication factor of2.5 within the seismic Analysis of a medium rise open ground storey building. A RC framed building (G+9) with open ground strorey Placed in Bhuj (seismic Zone-V) is thought about for this study. This building is analyzed for 2 different cases by response spectrum analysis method (a) considering infill strength and stiffness (open ground storey), (b) Not considering infill strength and stiffness (Bare frame). Infill Stiffness was created in ETABS by using Equivalent Diagonal Strut approach. ETABS software is used for Structural modelling and Response spectrum analysis. Analysis is carried out for these models and results were compared.