Electronics Computer Science

This paper presents a design method to convert a conventional SR-Flip Flop to perform the functions of a corresponding conventional JK-Flip Flop. This requirement becomes very necessary because of the many applications of JK-Flip Flops in digital systems, especially in those systems that drive production industries. In such industries, uninterrupted production is one of the targets required to pay attention to in order not to lose production and consequently revenue. Equipment failure can be responsible for such an unwanted state of production. Therefore, downtime of any equipment becomes very crucial in the assurance procedure of associated equipment and instrumentation of a manufacturing plant. The cause of a large downtime of any equipment is mainly due to unavailability of spare parts and sometimes incompetence and inexperience of the Technologists responsible for the up-keep and assurance of these equipment and instrumentation. Technologist must be versatile in providing alternative solutions to existing provisions that is adequate to solve any prevailing situation which requires urgent attention to keep production going. Such experience is not only borne out of hands-on practice but can be acquired by sound theoretical knowledge of what to do. This paper examines a situation where a device (JK-Flip Flop) is not available to replace a defective one but an SR-Flip flop is configured to be used for the same purpose without degradation of performance.

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he reduction of the energy consumption is compensated by harvesting RF energy of a WSN using a techniques realized to practical extent, considering the numerous forced limitations. In scheming energy harvesting regulation, techniques were suggested in control methods. The techniques reserved must promise in such a way the limitations are forced by the utility with regard to the quantity of acquired data is attained, whereas the lifetime of the network is increased, in contrast to present and simple arraying. Amidst several control techniques, Model predictive control (MPC) is a one of the important controlling methods. It has several effective uses. This paper contrasts MPC method for automated tuning with Flower Pollination Optimization (FPO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The major confrontation of MPC is in tuning of control factors for several WSN targets, and PSO or FPO application for automated tuning may become member of solutions. The computational results for energy harvest of WSN reveal the influence of the suggested PSO and FPO dependent tuning.

In this paper, the authors prove that the differential space-time modulation techniques proposed in literature provide a full spatial diversity. Based on that, the authors propose an antenna selection scheme called general N -out-of-M antenna selection technique for wireless communications channels utilizing differential space-time modulation. The simulation shows that differential detection associated with our proposed technique provides much better bit error performance over that without antenna selection, and even over coherent detection without antenna selection at certain signal-to-noise ratios.

– Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) fasten the speed of packet forwarding by forwarding the packets based on labels and reduces the use of routing table look up from all routers to label edge routers(LER) , where as the label switch routers (LSRs) uses Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) or RSVP (Resource reservation Protocol) for label allocation and Label table for packet forwarding. Dynamic protocol is implemented which carries a Updates packets for the details of Label Switch Paths, along with this feedback mechanism is also introduced which find the shortest path among MPLS network and also feedback is provided which also help to overcome congestion, this feedback mechanism is on a hop by hop basis rather than end to end thus providing a more reliable and much faster and congestion free path for the packets .