Electronic Equipment

One of the crucial aspects of the environmental protection is continuous monitoring of environment. Specific aspect is estimation of the bird species population. It is particularly important for bird species being in danger of extinction. Avian monitoring programs are time and money consuming actions which usually base on terrain expeditions. Certain remedy for this can be automatic acoustical avian monitoring system, described in the paper. Main components of the designed system are: digital audio recorder for bird voices acquisition, computer program automatically recognizing bird species by its signals emitted (voices or others) and object-relational database accessed via the Internet. Optional system components can be: digital camera and camcorder, bird attracting device, wireless data transmission module, power supply with solar panel, portable weather station. The system records bird voices and sends the recordings to the database. Recorded bird voices can be also provoked by the attracting device. Application of wireless data transmission module and power supply with solar panel allows long term operation of digital sound recorder in a hard accessible terrain. Recorded bird voices are analysed by the computer program and labelled with the automatically recognized bird species. Recognition accuracy of the program can be optionally enhanced by an expert system. Besides of labelled sound recordings, database can store also many other information like: photos and films accompanying recorded bird voices/ sounds, information about localization of observation/ recordings (GPS position, description of a place of the observation), information about bird features and behaviour, meteorological information, etc. Database on the base of geographical/ geological digital maps can generate actual maps of bird population (presence, number of individuals of each species). Moreover database can trigger alerts in case of rapidly decreasing bird population. It is also possible to obtain new knowledge about bird species with data mining methods. The paper presents collected data on observed bird species (audio recordings, photos and films) as well as results of experiments testing particular components of the automatic acoustical avian monitoring system.

The manipulation of atomic spin-orbit coupling to simulate the effect of a spin dependent magnetic field in condensed matter systems has recently emerged as a route to exotic spin-phases of matter that comprise fundamentally new constituent particles 1. Recently there is heightened interest in finding a particularly elusive particle that is the unpaired helical Dirac fermion. This is a charge carrier whose dynamics mimic that of light but has a quantum spin polarization that is one-toone locked to its direction of motion, a phenomenon forbidden to exist in ordinary Dirac materials such as graphene 2 or bismuth 3,4. It has been proposed that ensembles of such helical Dirac fermions may exist at the edges of certain types of

Laut einem Sprecher von Perfectjammer Technology Co., Limited verwenden Fernstörsender funkgesteuerte Frequenzunterbrechungstechnologie, um in der Luft befindliche Drohnen zu blockieren, um militärische Anlagen oder zivile Kolonien zu sichern. Die Waffe arbeitet mit Standard-GPS- und ISM-Funkband Wi-Fi 2,4 GHz 5,8 GHz, wodurch kommerzielle Signale der Drohne gestört werden können. Die Pistole kann über einen weiten Frequenzbereich betrieben werden, sodass die Drohne aus der Ferne erkannt und fallen gelassen werden kann.
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– Ultrasonic components of bird voices are rarely analyzed in bioacoustical papers. The main reason behind this situation is an equipment used for digital recording of bird voices in which: 1) sampling frequencies do not usually exceed 48 kHz and 2) microphones that limits bandwidth of recorded bird voices are also commonly used. The experiments described in this paper were carried out with 96 kHz sampling frequency and high quality broadband microphones. Moreover, because the commonly used 1-bit sigma-delta A/D converters introduce some distortion to the signal – they particularly affect its high frequency components. In the research we propose using the SAR converter instead. Preliminary automatic recognition research comparing performance of SAR and 1-bit sigma-delta A/D is also presented in the paper. Investigation concerned analysis of several voices of passerine birds e.g. Parus major, Passer montanus in ultrasonic range which unveiled existence of strong ultrasonic tonal frequency components and formants in the analyzed bird voices. Methodology that allowed us to record bird voices in an ultrasound range was described. Additionally, the general conclusion outlining the best bird voices recording strategy has been drawn. Biological meaning of the ultrasound components in bird voices still remains an open research question.

The research is exploratory-descriptive, which addressed the social representations of the inhabitants of Cali in relation to the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). It was concluded that; in relation to practices, respondents have adopted behaviors that do not favor the efficient management of waste, in terms of knowledge the data show conclusive data that warn about the low diffusion of the Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (PGIRS) and the regulations applicable current. Finally, the attitudes denote a positive disposition toward training and training in the subject under discussion.

This paper is aimed toward the optimal location of FACTS devices with the purpose of improving the operation of an electric power system. To achieve it, measures are used based in voltages, losses of active power and generation costs. Once located the device, it is possible to use optimization methods like the genetic algorithms to optimize its performance based on

ABSTRACT Power dissipation, chip power consumption, and heat flux in electronic devices have been steadily increasing over the past decade, creating a need for improved methods of cooling them. Nanofluids can be used as coolant for these electronics to improve their thermal performance. This paper presents an analysis of the energy, exergy, and frictional efficiencies of different nanofluids that are used to cool electronics. This was done by creating an analytical model in which different nanofluids flowed (at 0.5 m/s) through a rectangular-shaped microchannel heat sink (with a constant heat flux). These different nanofluids consisted of water as a base fluid, with 0.4 to 2.0 vol % of copper oxide (CuO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. The results generally showed that thermal resistance decreases as the volume fraction of nanoparticles is increased. The CuO-water nanofluid was found to be the best coolant in terms of both minimizing thermal resistance and maximizing the pressure reduction. The energy efficiency of the heat sink increases as the volume fraction of nanoparticles increases. A maximum energy efficiency of 98.9% was obtained using the CuO-water nanofluid (at 2.0 vol %). The Al2O3-water and TiO2-water nanofluids (also at 2.0 vol %) produced a maximum energy efficiency of 77.5% and 68.4%, respectively. The lowest exergy losses were: 19.2, 20.9, and 25.1 W for TiO2-water, Al2O3-water, and CuO-water nanofluids (all at 0.4 vol %), respectively. The dimensionless friction factor was reduced as the nanoparticle volume concentration increased. Also, the pumping power increased (to a high of 0.0173 W) as the mass flow rate increased.

ABSTRACT Power dissipation, chip power consumption, and heat flux in electronic devices have been steadily increasing over the past decade, creating a need for improved methods of cooling them. Nanofluids can be used as coolant for these electronics to improve their thermal performance. This paper presents an analysis of the energy, exergy, and frictional efficiencies of different nanofluids that are used to cool electronics. This was done by creating an analytical model in which different nanofluids flowed (at 0.5 m/s) through a rectangular-shaped microchannel heat sink (with a constant heat flux). These different nanofluids consisted of water as a base fluid, with 0.4 to 2.0 vol % of copper oxide (CuO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. The results generally showed that thermal resistance decreases as the volume fraction of nanoparticles is increased. The CuO-water nanofluid was found to be the best coolant in terms of both minimizing thermal resistance and maximizing the pressure reduction. The energy efficiency of the heat sink increases as the volume fraction of nanoparticles increases. A maximum energy efficiency of 98.9% was obtained using the CuO-water nanofluid (at 2.0 vol %). The Al2O3-water and TiO2-water nanofluids (also at 2.0 vol %) produced a maximum energy efficiency of 77.5% and 68.4%, respectively. The lowest exergy losses were: 19.2, 20.9, and 25.1 W for TiO2-water, Al2O3-water, and CuO-water nanofluids (all at 0.4 vol %), respectively. The dimensionless friction factor was reduced as the nanoparticle volume concentration increased. Also, the pumping power increased (to a high of 0.0173 W) as the mass flow rate increased.

Purpose: This paper describes the current status of waste electrical and electronic equipment recycling and disposal in Europe, and its impact on the environment, human health and the economy. Design/methodology/approach: The production of electric and electronic equipment is one of the fastest growing areas. This development has resulted in an increase of WEEE. Increased recycling of WEEE is supposed to limit the total quantity of waste going to final disposal. Findings: Based on comprehensive bibliography, this article reviewed the implementation of strategies of WEEE treatment and the recovery technologies of WEEE. Research limitations/implications: Further studies should be undertaken in order to develop integrated WEEE recycling and disposal systems. Practical implications: In view of the environmental problems involved in the management of WEEE, many countries and organizations have drafted national legislation to improve the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery of such waste so as to reduce disposal. Recycling of WEEE is an important subject not only from the point of waste treatment but also from the recovery of valuable materials. The study of WEEE properties is important for a further recycling and eventual reuse.

Resumen La presente investigación es de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo, y abordó las representaciones sociales de los habitantes de Cali, en relación a la gestión de los residuos de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos (RAEE). Se pudo concluir que, en relación a las prácticas, los encuestados han adoptado conductas que no favorecen la gestión eficiente de los residuos; en cuanto al conocimiento, los datos arrojan datos concluyentes que alertan sobre la baja difusión del Plan de Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos (PGIRS) y la normatividad vigente aplicable. Finalmente, las actitudes denotan una disposición positiva hacia la formación y capacitación en el tema en discusión. Abstract The research is exploratory-descriptive, which addressed the social representations of the inhabitants of Cali in relation to the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). It was concluded that; in relation to practices, respondents have adopted behaviors that do not favor the effi...

The popularization of 24 h pay-TV, interactive video games, web-TV, VCD and DVD are poised to have a large impact on overall TV electricity consumption in the Malaysia. Following this increased consumption, energy efficiency standard present a highly effective measure for decreasing electricity consumption in the residential sector. The main problem in setting energy efficiency standard is identifying annual efficiency improvement, due to the lack of time series statistical data available in developing countries. This study attempts to present a method of calculating annual energy efficiency improvement for TV set, which can be used for implementing energy efficiency standard for TV sets in Malaysia and other developing countries. Although the presented result is only an approximation, definitely it is one of the ways of accomplishing energy standard. Furthermore, the method can be used for other appliances without any major modification. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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