Economics and management

Aim/purpose – The study aims to investigate the relationship among the leadership, operational efficiency and project success in general and the impact of transformational leadership and operational efficiency on project success in particular. Design/methodology/approach – Mean comparison from descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression from inferential statistics was used to determine the association between variables and further impact of the transformational leadership and operational efficiency on project success in the development sector. The paper presents the results of a survey conducted among 200 employees from the top, middle & lower management levels of various national & international development organizations working in Pakistan like Microfinance Banks and other Rural Support Programs. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to process data. Findings – The result shows positive association among transformational leadership, operational efficien...

Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is a governance system that regulates and oversees the company's management process to increase share value and give attention to stakeholders, employees and the public. Indonesia in the implementation of GCG in 2010 to 2018 ranks last among 12 countries, and the Philippines. The condition of state-owned enterprises in Indonesia is very difficult to develop due to government intervention so that directors do not perform well. The performance of state-owned enterprises (SOE) is not optimal due to the weak implementation of GCG principles as a whole. GCG variable as a corporate governance that will maximize the value of the company in the market. The management of assets and capital of a company can be seen from the existing financial performance. The data used in this study is the SOE found on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for a period of three years, 2016-2018. This study used panel data analysis. The results of the study that there is no influence of GCG on market performance. The GCG mechanism has not been able to increase the value of SOE companies in the capital market. Financial information published as one of the elements of GCG is not used by investors. SOE need to reassess the implementation of GCG so that it can be carried out professionally in carrying out the oversight function of the company's management. Regulation regarding GCG must be stronger with clear sanctions.

Aim/purpose-Financial inclusion is a catalyst for achieving sustainable development. This study attempts to evaluate impact of financial inclusion on sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach-Both Error Correction Model (ECM) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) were used to ascertain the short-run and long-run relationship respectively among the variables which covers the period from 2001 to 2016, as data for HDI (Human Development Index) were available for Nigeria from 2001 through 2016 only. Findings-The result of the analysis indicated that in the short-run there is short-run causality running from a number of commercial bank branches, demand deposit from the rural areas, loan to rural areas to HDI. The long-run result revealed that the explanatory variables consisting of loan to rural areas, number of commercial bank branches and demand deposit from the rural areas all have positive significant impact on HDI in Nigeria. The overall result revealed that financial inclusion has impact on sustainable development in Nigeria. Research implications/limitations-The study recommends that banks and monetary authorities should develop new product and services that will attract savings from the rural dwellers because of the level of significance of their deposit to the development of the country. All the more so as commercial banks should also ensure that the rural dwellers are provided with more bank branches, most especially, in areas where there are few or no banks. Credit facilities should also be provided to the people at an affordable rate as this will uplift the level of inclusion and reduce the level of exclusion in the country which will improve the sustainable development in the country. Originality/value/contribution-Empirically, the study attempted to investigate the impact of financial inclusion on sustainable development in Nigeria. The results of the study suggest that government should continue its effort in the area of poverty alleviation by embracing financial inclusion via a vis financial institutions introducing new financial product and services at lower cost that will cater for the disadvantaged group in the society.

Our paper summarizes several years ’ research experience in the field of customer satisfaction management. The key statement in our paper is that there is a need for further developing the classical customer orientation theory and the corporate practice based upon it. Moreover, there is a need for consequent realization of complex customer management strategy according to satisfaction-oriented approach. This paper takes an exploratory look at the methods of measuring customer-orientation and customer satisfaction as well as customer value to improve customer relationship and increase customer loyalty. Our customer satisfaction management model is developed based upon research findings of customer satisfaction measurement in different industries. This complex model with process orientation is unique in the literature.

Organisational discipline arises out of the need for management to be able to control the conduct of employees and to re-direct their energies towards the attainment of corporate mission and objectives. Discipline is management action that encourages and ensures compliance with laid-down rules and regulations, governing the smooth operation of an organisation. It is management's responsibility to develop and maintain effective discipline within the organisation. As in most peoples' management functions, HR managers have an extremely important role to play in the design and implementation of disciplinary procedures that are fair to all, and that cases of discipline are dealt with in accordance with the organisation's laid-down procedures. For the purpose of this article, reinforcement theory attributed to , form the theoretical framework for this article. This article examines the nature of discipline, the causes of disciplinary action, the importance of disciplinary procedures and the role of HR managers in discipline handling. The article further takes a peep into the impact of objective disciplinary measures on employees' performance. The article therefore, concludes that for discipline to be a means of correcting or punishing misdeed in an organisation, management must learn to maintain discipline by applying standards in a consistent, fair and flexible manner.

In economic terms, tourism is a business which includes tourism product development and tourism services and provides certain revenue to a given country. The source of income of tourism consists of tourists' expenditures on tourism products and services. Distinguished kinds are local, inbound and outbound tourism. Inbound tourism in Lithuania has developed over the past few decades, so its contribution to the country's economy is even though significant, but insufficient. The goal of the article is to evaluate the significance of the inbound tourism impact on Lithuanian economy based on scientific literature research and statistical data analysis. The tasks for accomplishing this goal determined the structure of this article. First, the article presents the review of scientific literature on inbound tourism and its impact on the economy benefits, techniques and forms; later it analyzes the inbound tourism situation in Lithuania on the basis of statistical data analysis, as well as economic, socio-cultural and environmental effects' forms. According to the research material, article provides the evaluation of inbound tourism impact on the country's economy and reveals the positive and possible negative effects of the inbound tourism development. The shape and extent of inbound tourism's impact to national economies depend on the availability of resources, and national tourism infrastructure, which describes the structure of the tourism sector and shows the strength of the relation between different types of activities (hotels, camping, transportation, communications, construction, etc). All of this determines the inbound tourism activities' social and economic impact and possibilities to create added value.

Studies about the influence and impact of knowledge-producing organisations' (e.g., universities or R&D institutions) have been addressed by means of strict economic analysis, stressing their economic impact in a local, regional or national extent. In the present study, an alternative methodology is put forward in order to evaluate the international scientific impact and influence of a knowledge-producing and-diffusing institution. Two main branches of the literature, dealing with the measurability of the economic impact of R&D organisations and their knowledge flows, are surveyed: standard economic studies, and scientometrics and bibliometrics analyses. With the aim of implementing an approach closer to the latter methods, we map the international scientific network of a knowledge-producing organisation using social network analysis statistical tools and thus assess the international impact and influence of such institution. Using INESC Porto-a Portuguese private non-profit organisation, recognised as being of public interest, due to its R&D activities-as our case study, we analyse the dynamics of its scientific production over the last two decades, attributing special attention to the international scientific co-authorships' evolution, outlining the architecture of the knowledge network and its changing pattern. Additionally, focusing on the most prolific scientific areas of INESC Porto, and resorting to published scientific work recorded in the Science Citation Index (SCI) of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), we trace citations and infer over INESC Porto's international scientific influence and impact.

The authors describe the historical evolution of forensic accounting and forensic accountant’s profession based on the survey of foreign studies. The authors focus on identifying the common characteristics and the main differences in forensic accounting status, typology, and methodology. The present article also provides a comparison of conditions of forensic accountants’ certification in countries based on the Romano-Germanic and Anglo-Saxon legal systems. The authors demonstrate the application area of forensic accounting and substantiate the topicality of forensic accounting application to fraud investigation. The present study makes a comparison between forensic accounting and auditing. The authors also provide relevant information on forensic centres, where the accounting examinations are carried out, and organisations that certify the forensic accountants.

Year 2020 brought a huge challenge in business environment all over the world due to COVID19. India is not an exception and faced similar challenges which impacted heavily on the economy. India has a huge retail market being the second largest populous country in the world with huge potential and young workforce. It is an important factor for the GDP growth of any country. The aim of this paper is to compare the past, present and predict the future economic scenario by considering various factors which majorly impacted the retail market due to COVID-19. A huge transformation observed in the retail business. Buyers’ choices shifted away from local retail purchases to online. Buying behaviour and consumer spending have shifted towards online purchases and also card transactions. This research also aims to study the impact of COVID-19 on Indian economy and way out of the downfall.

Blue Bird Group merupakan salah satu group korporasi yang menyediakan dan berfokus pada bisnis transportasi.
Blue Bird Group merupakan holding company yang telah berdiri sejak tahun 1972 yang didirikan oleh Ny Mutiara Siti Fatimah Djokosoetono.
Blue Bird Group merupakan salah satu group korporasi yang menyediakan dan berfokus pada bisnis transportasi. Bisnis Core Blue Bird Group dibagi menjadi 5 yaitu transportasi (taxi), logistik, industry, dan property.
Dalam analisis diketahui bahwa unit core bisnis transportasi (taxi) yaitu PT. Blue Bird, Tbk memiliki High Priority for resource allocation dengan pangsa pasar yang besar, dengan revenue terbesar dibanding dengan sister company nya, Divisi PT Blue Bird, Tbk mempunyai pangsa pasar yang relative tinggi tetapi bersaing dalam industry dengan pertumbuhan yang lambat. Menghasilkan uang tunai yang berlebih yang diperlukan dan sering dipakai untuk subsidi. Divisi Cash Hog PT Blue Bird, Tbk perlu dikelola dengan baik untuk mempertahankan posisinya yang kuat selama mungkin.
Dalam menyusun strategi disusun berdasarkan kondisi yang ada di dalam perusahaan tersebut. Dimana  perusahaan tersebut dalam situasi perubahan dan perkembangan yang cepat. Resikonya agar strategi ini tetap relevan dengan perkembangan yang ada maka harus dilakukan evaluasi dan penyesuaian setiap perkembangan teknologi. Rencana strategis inilah yang akan menentukan apakah apa yang dicita-citakan BLUEBIRD GROUP benar-benar terwujud sesuai dengan visi dan misi perusahaan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, BLUEBIRD GROUP dapat mampu bersaing dan mengerahkan semua potensi yang dimiliki perusahaan ini untuk menjalankan rencana strategi ini.

This paper describes the strategy of the corporate level based on the 21st century market competition. The desciription fully by collecting some concept which discussed the strategic management theoretically and pactically. This paper is presented to fulfill one of the task of Strategic Management advised by Dr. Betti Nuraini, MM.

The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze the direct and indirect effect of quality management system on internal services quality, job satisfaction, employee performance and customer satisfaction prediction in Indonesian oil and gas inspection services company. The respondents used in this research are 102 employees of Indonesian Classification Bureau as prominent company of oil and gas engineering inspection services company in Indonesia. The methods used to analyze the hypotheses is the statistic method based on WarpPLS in attempt to get the result of casualty relationship among variables developed in the model.The result of statistic analysis are: 1) There is a direct and significant effect of Quality Management System on Internal Services Quality (coef. value = 0.670 and p<0.001). 2) There is a direct and significant effect of quality management system on job satisfaction (coef. value = 0.228 and p<0.001). 3) There is a direct and significant effect of quality management system on employee performance (coef. value = 0.414 and p<0.001). 4) There is a direct and significant effect of quality management system on customer satisfaction prediction (coef. value = 0.188 and p<0.001). 5) There is an indirect and significant effect of quality management system on customer satisfaction prediction through internal services quality (coef. value = 0.338 and p<0.001). 6) There is no indirect and significant effect of quality management system on customer satisfaction prediction through job satisfaction (coef. value = 0.248 and p=0.004). 7) There is no indirect and significant effect of quality management system on customer satisfaction prediction through employee performance (coef. value = 0.109 and p=0.129). 8) There is an indirect and significant effect of internal services quality on customer satisfaction prediction through job satisfaction and employee performance (coef. value = 0.670 and p<0.001).

El propósito de este documento es identificar las tendencias e instrumentos en curso en el sector público de los países en desarrollo y confrontarlos con estándares de eficiencia y eficacia. Una transición en el rol del Estado se está produciendo en un contexto caracterizado por el cambio climático y la globalización económica, por lo que algunas presiones sistémicas arrastran a las organizaciones públicas hacia nuevos motores de cambio, nexos institucionales y acuerdos más allá de la lógica clásica de la administración pública. Las tendencias actuales de la gestión pública patrocinadas por la Nueva Gestión Pública (NPM) y el Nuevo Servicio Público (NPS) muestran un conjunto de instrumentos prácticos caracterizados por la cooperación activa del sector privado, la gobernanza abierta, digital y ambiental, así como la innovación financiera y Instrumentos electrónicos y herramientas en manos de personas.

The paper reports on both methodological and substantive findings. It presents a method for generating simplified representations for regional urban populations, their geographical sub-populations and communities. the method generates greatly simplified high-resolution socio-economic profiles of populated geographical areas from complex large census data sets.

This paper provides energy and economic analysis relevant to the cooling season in building enclosures. For a whole year, an Energy Plus thermal transfer model has been created and simulated. Simulations were made from the cities in five different areas of climate in China using weather data files. Energy savings were done from natural cold (e.g., outdoor air), and electricity reductions were performed from air-conditioning electricity devices. This research has investigated the relationship between the cost and building energy while finding a strong and positive correlation. This study has used the Artificial Intelligence (AI) model as Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) to calculate the accurate measurement. Three regression models as Pearson correlation coefficient (r), root mean square (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) was used to calculate the results. Following the results of (R2) and RMSE, ELM has shown its higher performance in predicting the strength, energy, and cost of building materials. Based on the simulation results, for office buildings situated in cold areas, the energy savings resulting from phase change materials (PCM) are more prevalent. The test findings demonstrate that the energy savings from PCM applications for the cool area and hot summers and cold winter office buildings were increased. Simple payback time indicated that PCMBs in inhabited buildings could be used cost effectively in a mild temperature environment.

This paper aims to understand the structure of milk supply and to make a comparison between informal and formal milk marketing system with a view to measure the extent of transaction costs divergence in Punjab province of Pakistan. Livestock contribution in Pakistan's GDP is 11.6 percent and the total milk production for year 2015 was recorded as 52.632 million tons. The descriptive research design was used with stratified sampling techniques for gathering primary data source from four districts having a rich population of livestock and milk producers. Different analytical techniques as marketing efficiency, marketing margin and DEA analysis for profit efficiency were applied for comparative estimation of two marketing systems. The empirical results indicate that the marketing margin (MM) of various middlemen, milk producer's share in consumer price (DPP) was 20%, 12% higher respectively. The mean value of measure of marketing efficiency (MME) and profit efficiency for informal and formal milk marketing channels was estimated 1.8 and 0.77 respectively. Profit efficiency value for informal marketing channels was 0.37 higher in comparison to formal system. For informal milk marketing system, the traditional milk collector (Dhodi) is alone significant player in marketing chain whereas formal milk marketing chain is occupied by a series of middlemen, further there is involvement of huge fixed cost for producing UHT packed milk. Thus informal milk marketing system is dominating over formal milk marketing channels in Pakistan. Finally, we document some policy recommendation as a potential source amid at improving the situation of milk supply in Pakistan. An efficient marketing system is an important tool for achieving higher economic efficiency of any enterprise, like dairy sector. Management of marketing activities like procurement of quality raw milk from milk producers, milk processing and delivering safe & healthy milk on affordable prices to consumers in a cost minimization manners create an economic efficient marketing system. The milk marketing provides a stimulus for more milk production and assists to enhance overall milk supply. An efficient milk marketing ensure to provide higher proportion of profit from consumers' paid price which encourage milk producers to invest more resources in dairy farming. In compliance of milk consumers' preferences; the milk producers, researchers, investors, planners, trading corporations and policymakers of dairy enterprise are paying significant attention on marketing component of dairy products.

This article explores the area of leadership and control in the 21st century agencies and agencies, the function of leaders and executives, leadership styles as well as their stages of efficacy. It additionally investigates the attributes of an effective leader and manager, differentiates the ideas of leadership and control, management and management decision-making and problem-solving processes, and strategies for effective delegation of government to followers. This article argues that to function efficiently and efficaciously in today's new economy; every enterprise needs powerful leaders and managers in addition to in a position and reliable fans. It additionally posits that the region of leadership and management in today's businesses are converting because, amongst other forces, the intense opposition among corporations within the new worldwide economy, the emerging technologies, and globalization spurred through the Internet. The reputedly uncertainty in today's companies are placing undue pressures on leaders and bosses to undertake practical technique to management and management to encourage their fans to decorate their overall performance, share the visions and missions of the companies for you to recognize their set objectives. This article argues that what makes effective leadership and management inside the rapidly converting twenty first century agencies encompass their persona and style of management, passion and values, decision-making and problem-fixing technique in addition to their expectations and stages of courting with their followers. Leaders and bosses require a practical approach to management and management to substantially have an impact on and motivate their fans to enhance their performance to reap set organizational objectives.

This research intends to explain effective leadership and how it can bring positive change that helps the organization to improve and be innovative in the current business environment. Effective leadership and change management will be discussed in this article and also how leadership affects other factors, for instance trust, culture and clear vision, in the organization as it facilitates the change. Leadership is one of the main factors in bringing positive change to the organization; if there is no leadership in the organization they will not be able to change in the direction they desire and could experience negative change instead.

The field of economics usually draws a clear line between employees and management when examining firms, but one company in the Basque region of Spain has shown that this line can be blurred. Since the founding of its first venture in 1956, the Mondragon Corporation has encompassed a growing network of over 100 labor-managed firms (Hindmoor 217). Each is democratically managed by the workers who comprise it, and each worker’s income is directly tied to the firm’s long term success. The success of Mondragon is somewhat singular, and as a result has been the subject of much interest; partly due to the rise of neoclassical economics and its shift away from institutional analysis, however, empirical study of Mondragon is fairly scarce. This paper will focus on the history of Mondragon, three key aspects of its founding principles, and how these affect the success of its labor force.

Although there have been many studies conducted to analyze the effects of person-organization fit (POF) and person-job fit (PJF) on individual outcomes, little is known about which of these fit associates stronger with individual variables (i.e., intention to quit job, IQJ, and perceived individual performance, PIP). Therefore the purpose of the study is to compare the relationships of PJF and POF with IQJ and PIP. The sample of the study consists of security guards working at a private company's civil aviation safety department. Totally 98 security guards participated to the research. Results indicated that, the relationships of PJF and POF with IQJ and PIP were not significantly different. Consequently the results indicate that POF and PJF associate similarly with critical individual outcomes.

Year 2020 brought a huge challenge in business environment all over the world due to COVID-19. India is not an exception and faced similar challenges which impacted heavily on the economy. India has a huge retail market being the second largest populous country in the world with huge potential and young workforce. It is an important factor for the GDP growth of any country. The aim of this paper is to compare the past, present and predict the future economic scenario by considering various factors which majorly impacted the retail market due to COVID-19. A huge transformation observed in the retail business. Buyers' choices shifted away from local retail purchases to online. Buying behaviour and consumer spending have shifted towards online purchases and also card transactions. This research also aims to study the impact of COVID-19 on Indian economy and way out of the downfall.

L’objectif de cette conférence conçue et animée par Samia CHEHBI GAMOURA, enseignant-chercheur à l'EM Strasbourg, est triple : Présenter et discuter des solutions basées sur le couplage Big Data et IA : travaux, projets, idées, Frameworks, brevets, etc .; Partager des retours d’expérience, des résultats, des tendances, des études, des best practices, des success stories, des failed-stories, ... et contribuer au rapprochement des efforts de recherche entre les académiques et les industriels au sujet des Big Data et l'IA.
Aujourd’hui, le rapprochement entre les Big Data et l’Intelligence Artificielle (IA) est en train de révolutionner le monde des entreprises à une vitesse sans précédent. Les développements exponentiels de ces deux technologies constituent de véritables opportunités pour les entreprises, d'autant qu'elles ont déjà fait leur preuve dans le monde des affaires. Ce couplage inédit ouvre des promesses de gain (temps, rentabilité, intérêt des missions ...) pour les managers d'entreprises - notamment industrielles - issus de tout type de fonction (marketing, finance, manufacturing, ressources humaines, ...) mais à la seule condition que ce binôme converge. Pour réussir, cette révolution en cours doit s'appuyer sur une adaptation continue des systèmes en place.

Assuming that HRM serves as a value creation function and despite the great research interest in HRM and performance linkage issue, there is still disputes concerning HRM nature, performance outcomes and the causal path involved in the linkage between two constructs. The paper proposes an answer to the question-how HRM practices can influence organizational performance. The approach of impact is based on role of line managers by delivering HRM practices. Acknowledging that there is the gap between what is formally determined and what is actually delivered, the role of line managers as essential intermediaries in shaping HRM practices and performance are revealed. Besides, the paper presents empirical research showing how the employee perceive the activities of line managers and indicating that the role of line managers in delivering practices has a positive relations with HRM practices and two affective human resource reactions: organizational commitment and job satisfaction.

Aim/purpose – The paper contains descriptive exploratory research on the implementation of General Data Protection Requirements (GDPR) in a group of Polish public administration offices. The purpose of this research is to investigate the current state of personal data protection in the entities surveyed. Design/methodology/approach – The diagnostic survey method using the Computer Assisted Web Interview was employed. The survey was conducted in local government administration offices a year and a half after the GDPR implementation. Findings – All marshal offices and the majority of districts (about 80%) confirmed that they comply with all the GDPR requirements. The situation was slightly worse in municipal offices – about 23% of them declared that they do not comply with all the GDPR requirements. In officials’ opinion this situation may be improved by conducting training for employees, employee engagement, and appropriate support of the office management. Another aspect that draws ...

This research capitalizes on the impacts of Artificial Intelligence, as combination of machine learning, algorithms and data, starting from national economies to global. It is introduced the current situation and gaps based on recently done researches and
studies. As pointed, the world economy is transforming where Artificial Intelligence is applicable across the economy. Artificial Intelligence is becoming one of the important factors of economic development. Soon the developed countries will be considered those who are the most dynamic data hubs in the world. In the modern era of globalization, the digital data is becoming the new commodity and on the other hand can be considered the important factor for economy development. So more data gives better products, better business services and indeed it gives more economic value. Therefore, the important role of data in economy led to data usefulness. Data is what makes Artificial Intelligence go. It is pointed out that Artificial Intelligence is strategic for future economic growth and welfare of society.

What are the roles of the European Union (EU)'s main institutions in common trade policy? To address this question, this study uses a political-economic approach. The positions of the European Commission, Council of the European Union and European Parliament on EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) are examined. The study uses content analysis as a research methodology, based on a categorization of values and economic interests projected by the EU's contemporary trade strategy "Trade for All". Differently from previous studies which use a political-economic approach to analyze the EU's external relations with developing countries, this article makes a contribution to EU trade policy literature by combining a political-economy perspective with an institutional one to examine a EU trade agreement signed with a highly industrialized country. Within this context, the findings reveal that the Parliament and Council are more value-oriented, than economic interest-oriented. The Commission is instead found slightly more economic interest-oriented than value-oriented. However, the priorities of three institutions do not diverge significantly in terms of political economy. Each institution manages to impose its own priorities on both the (value-related) normative and (interest-related) material parts of CETA and agrees on producing a neoliberal economic outcome.

Service orientation is an approach in the field of enterprise architecture, business information systems and software application that its main element is the service. Shared services is an organization model of sharing, across an organization. It enables collaboration among the functions/departments. Main motivations for shared services are sharing, promote efficiency, reduce cost, and support scalability. Despite of the widespread use of these two approaches in information technology, there is no tool to optimize the management of them. The aim of this study is Ontological map of service oriented architecture based on zachman framework to adapt it in the reference enterprise architecture framework through implementation ontology views on system architect software and as well as equivalent ontology component with UML diagrams. After the implementation of the suggested model, the results showed that ontology is a formal description and explicit display of objects, concepts and other entities in the relationship between them. In other words, there is a model that describe all that is in fact in to understandable language for the system. Thus the proposed establishes have association between all aspects of zachman framework, also to create a clear description of business concepts in the management of shared services and is effective to provide a unified platform for enterprise modeling.

Tedarikçilerin seçimi ve seçilen tedarikçiler ile sürdürülebilir ilişkiler kurulması, rekabet avantajı yakalamanın önemli girdilerinden biridir. İşletmeler kendi belirleyeceği, rekabet ve satın alma stratejilerine uygun kriterlerle tedarikçi seçimi yapabilirler. Ancak bu, çok kolay bir iş değildir. Çünkü tedarikçilerin seçilmesinde göz önüne alınması gereken birden fazla kriter söz konusudur ve piyasada çok sayıda tedarikçi olup bu seçim, hem nicel hem de nitel kriterlerden etkilenmektedir. Dolayısıyla bir işletme için tedarikçi seçimi, bir Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) problemi olarak ele alınabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, tedarikçi seçim problemini çözmek için SWARA (Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis-Kademeli Ağırlık Değerlendirme Oran Analizi) ve WASPAS (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product ASsessment-Ağırlıklandırılmış Bütünleşik Toplam Çarpım Değerlendirmesi) yöntemlerine dayanan bütünleşik bir karar verme yaklaşımı anlatılmıştır. Kriter ağırlıklarının belirlenmesinde SWARA yöntemi, alternatiflerin sıralamasını belirlemek ve en iyi tedarikçiyi seçmek için ise WASPAS yöntemi kullanılmıştır.

Year 2020 brought a huge challenge in business environment all over the world due to COVID19. India is not an exception and faced similar challenges which impacted heavily on the economy. India has a huge retail market being the second largest populous country in the world with huge potential and young workforce. It is an important factor for the GDP growth of any country. The aim of this paper is to compare the past, present and predict the future economic scenario by considering various factors which majorly impacted the retail market due to COVID-19. A huge transformation observed in the retail business. Buyers’ choices shifted away from local retail purchases to online. Buying behaviour and consumer spending have shifted towards online purchases and also card transactions. This research also aims to study the impact of COVID-19 on Indian economy and way out of the downfall.

This article presents the global market changes and internet era has influencing consumers today connect with brands in fundamentally new ways, often through virtual media channels that are beyond companies' control. The customers connect with many brands through new media channels, evaluate and advocate them at the same time, virtual and publically promoting the products they have liked or bought. The companies instead of focusing on how allocate spending across mediatelevision, radio, online and so forth, marketers should target more on customer decision process. Aim of paperon the basis of scientific and empirical research to evaluate the mains aspect of brand management process and provide the insights, how to increase the brand value of the virtual space. Lithuanian Marketing Association has initiated a study in 2011, aimed to find out which investigates the marketing budgets shifts of Lithuanian companies. The trend for the 2012 is an effective use of its marketing budget without reducing marketing costs for promoting the brands, building up the company's image and reputation.

objetivo deste estudo foi estimar um índice de desempenho competitivo (IDC) de
pisciculturas no estado do Pará. Foram aplicados questionários a 51 piscicultores entre novembro de 2016
a fevereiro de 2017. Posteriormente, seus empreendimentos foram classificados quanto ao nível de competitividade
como: baixa (IDC ≤ 0,35), intermediária (IDC entre 0,36 a 0,69) e alta (IDC ≥ 0,70). Constatou-
-se que o IDC médio das pisciculturas no estado do Pará foi 0,38, o que representa um grau intermediário de competitividade. O maior IDC foi 0,57, em um empreendimento na mesorregião Sudeste paraense,
enquanto o menor foi 0,17, em uma iniciativa na mesorregião Metropolitana de Belém.

Aim/purpose-Over estimation and under estimation of the Personal Income Tax (PIT) revenue results in an unstable economy and unreliable statistics in the public domain. This study aims to find a suitable SARIMA and Holt-Winters model that suits the sample monthly data for PIT well enough, from which a forecast can be generated. Design/methodology/approach-This study uses the aspects of time series model (Holt-Winters and SARIMA) and regression models with SARIMA errors to simulate the structure which followed the historical actual realization of PIT. The quarterly data were obtained from quarter1, 2009 to quarter 1, 2017 for the purpose of modelling and forecasting. The data were divided into training (quarter 1, 1995 to quarter 1, 2014) and testing (quarter 2, 2014 to quarter 1, 2017) data sets. The forecast from quarter 2, 2017 to quarter 1, 2020 were also derived and aggregated to annual forecast. Findings-Holt-Winters, SARIMA and Time Series Regression models fitted captured the movement of the historical PIT data with higher precession. Research implications/limitations-The generated forecast is recommended to avoid several model revisions when locating the actual PIT realisation. However, monitoring of this model is crucial as the prediction power deteriorate in a long run. Originality/value/contribution-The study recommends the use of these methods for forecasting future PIT payments because they are precise and unbiased when forecasting are made. This will assist the South African authorities in decision making for future PIT revenue.

Aim/purpose-This study aims at investigating the incidence of procedural justice, job satisfaction, and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) of employees within small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. The main thrust of the study is to provide justification for the possible link between these behavioural factors with a view to establishing their roles in fostering SMEs. Design/methodology/approach-A cross-sectional survey design was employed to elicit information from 1420 employees randomly selected from 71 surveyed companies. The responses from the questionnaire were analysed employing correlation and hierarchical regression analysis. Findings-The result showed a significant relationship between procedural justice, job satisfaction, and OCB after controlling for age and gender. The study, therefore, concludes that procedural justice, job satisfaction and citizenship behaviour of SMEs employees are imperative for the success and ultimate survival of SMEs. Research implications/limitations-Understanding the impediments to the growth of SMEs in developing nations require an indebt understanding of some behavioural factors. The study was limited to SMEs in Lagos, Nigeria. Original/value/contribution-The study recommends the need for managers of SMEs to monitor these three behavioural outcomes in other to ensure the sustainability of their businesses. This would in the long run, improve an employment, and reduce poverty. It also provides statistical norms for researchers.

Gondorukem is a non-wood forestry product that is produced by steam distillation of pine resin (Pinus merkusii junk) aside from turpentine oil. This study aims to compile the current business model canvas, assess 9 business elements using SWOT analysis, and formulate business models recommendation. The analysis used in this study was SWOT analysis, Business Model Canvas (BMC), and Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS). The results showed that the company currently had some troubles in its business. The initial value proposition consists of gondorukem derivative products such as glycerol rostin ester, alpha pinene, betha pinene, limonene, cineol, and alpha terpineol. Furthermore, business revenue can be raised through the sales of the new products from gondorukem production waste such as biopellet.

The issues related to the shareholder value maximization have been frequently debated in the academic literature in the last three decades. However, different authors emphasize different types of value drivers. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to detect the most important factors affecting the value creation process in companies. Content analysis of the relevant discourse from Scopus, EBSCO, Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge and other databases was performed to achieve the established objective. Frequency tables generated by AQUAD 6.0 and cluster analysis provided by Hamlet II 3.0 assisted the authors in obtaining critical factors stimulating value creation process in companies. The analysis performed by the authors revealed that the sustainable shareholder value is based on the long-term and stable economic performance, accompanied by the properly implemented corporate governance system, high CSR standards, rational capital budgeting politics and high financial results accountability. Considering the factors affecting shareholder wealth, it is possible to increase investment attractiveness of a company for the existing and potential strategic and retail investors. Besides, the distilled factors can be used for predicting shareholders' return. The type of the article: Research report.

The article presents the comparison and review of competitiveness indexes in the environment of EU policy. Different approaches of authors towards competition and competitiveness indexes have been analyzed and summed up, a comparative analysis of the most popular indexes has been outlined, the main aspects how to calculate the use competitiveness index has been examined as well as advantages and disadvantages of the composite competitiveness index have been disclosed, the main aspects and obstacles of EU competitiveness policy have been enlightened. Research showed, that despite the common objectives of growth, development and raising competitiveness there is an issue of uneven allocation of structural financing for different economic sectors thus leading to a distortion of a market and as well as a threat of ineffectively allocated national budget, which part is used for co-financing EU-funded projects.

This era of globalization makes social media easily adopted by business people. Social media is currently widely used by Jabodetabek SMEs as a means of doing business in improving performance in Jabodetabek SMEs. This study looks at the effect of using Social Media on Innovation and Performance. To get the results of the research, questionnaires were distributed and interviews were conducted directly with SMEs in Jabodetabek. Distribution of questionnaires was conducted in January-March 2019 by means of online and offline deployment. The results of the respondents obtained as many as 98 respondents using the Slovin formula. The variables in this study are social media, innovation, and performance. Data analysis was carried out by qualitative and quantitative descriptive with SEM-PLS tools. The results of this study indicate that the intensity and effect of using social media on product performance innovations in SMEs in Jabodetabek show significant results.

Human beings are most precious resources of an economy.  More of the youths drop off graduation for local jobs. Each student’s major aim is a great job. Entrepreneurship is not only way of business administration but also a successful career and life.  Creation of entrepreneurial mindset in youth is a laudable goal to creating an entrepreneurship ecosystem in the world. Entrepreneurship is a skill which can escalate the intelligence; ethical power in quickly decision-making, successful planning, punctuality, confidence and mental ability .Education is utterly influenced in the creation.
This a research studies on the creation of entrepreneurial mindset among youth of Malappuram district through education system in 2020. It also exposes the limitations and tragedies. Education is a good way to build changes by providing a practical education than bookish and carve out the various practically approachable methods for creation of entrepreneurial mindset in youth. Entrepreneurial mindset will improve human existence in terms of poverty alleviation, generating employment, wealth formation and economic development. It will step up to formations of creative ideas from youths and build up them as a responsible leader than an entrepreneur.

Key words: Entrepreneurial mindset, Malappuram, education

This study examines the time-varying cointegration and causal relationship between stock market indices, economic policy uncertainties, changes in global oil prices, and variation in short-term interest rates in two countries such as Russia and China, the largest oil exporting and importing countries respectively. The empirical analysis is based on the Johanssen (1996) cointegration and VEC Granger and Morris's (1976) causality test with the selected variables in view of monthly data over the period from 1996:01 to 2016:12. The outcome of the Johansen tests indicated the existence of a long-run relationship among variables both in China and Russia. In the short run, the Block Exogeneity Wald Tests have indicated the presence of unidirectional Granger causality between variables in both countries. This study has taken into account the 1998 Russian crisis and the 2008/09 global financial crisis.

The ability to innovate on a sustainable basis is a desirable, and yet, a rare skill that firms need to nature and develop amongst its business managers/owners and employees. This study was aimed at empirically exploring the Entrepreneurial Tendencies and Behaviors among the business persons that enable them to successfully innovate on a sustainable business. These could then inform managers on the kind of innovation-related behaviors to search for and nature among their human resources in the course of strategizing for firm excellence in Innovation. Responses where sought from business owners/managers and employees in SMEs established in the area with the highest business activity in Uganda (i.e. Kampala). The data collected from the surveyed 50 SMEs all of which had successfully existed for over a year as a test of sustainability were analyzed to extract the salient Entrepreneurial Tendencies and Entrepreneurial Behaviors that characterized the success of their businesses. Descriptive statistics were used. Based on the findings, this study identifies and proposes solutions, key policy interventions and approaches to be adopted for ensuring business sustainability in Uganda.

This study focuses on the stress problems related to role conflict and ambiguity. It will emphasize the creation of a work-life balance strategy as a solution to decrease this stress. The work-life balance is a desirable concept for education institutes because relaxed employees are more motivated and productive. This study will aim to study the impact of stress on Al Jinan staff’ through a questionnaire with 120 employees. This study embraces four independent variables related to stress factors and work-life balance as the dependent variable. This study has verified the positive impact of the working environment and suggested adequate recommendations.